Exam 2 Flashcards
(121 cards)
1
Q
Which theory and theorist? Cognitive mediation -the influence of one’s thinking between the occurrence of a stimulus and response.
A
Cognitive Theory. Bandura, psychologist.
2
Q
Leon Festinger. Which theory?
A
Cognitive Dissonance Theory
3
Q
Seymour Epstein. Which theory and concept?
A
Cognitive Theory. Hierarchical organization of personal constructs. 
4
Q
David McClellan. Which theory and concept?
A
Cognitive theory. Explorations of motives, traits and schemas
5
Q
Albert Ellis. Which theory and fact?
A
Cognitive theory. First cognitive therapist.
6
Q
Aaron Beck. Which theory and concept?
A
Cognitive theory. Psychoanalysis.
7
Q
Reid, Epstein, Lantz, Berlin, and Corcoran. Which theory and profession?
A
Cognitive theory. Social work.
8
Q
Piaget. Which theory? And which concept?
A
Cognitive theory. Theory of cognitive development.
9
Q
Conscious thinking is the basis for most human behavior and emotional experience. Which theory?
A
Key concept of cognitive theory.
10
Q
We develop habits of thinking that form the basis of our screening and coding of environmental input, categorizing and evaluating the experience, and making judgments about how to behave. Which theory?
A
Key concept of cognitive theory.
11
Q
Emotions are seen as physiological responses to cognitive processes. Which theory?
A
Key concept of cognitive theory.
12
Q
This theory differs from psychodynamic theory in that these theorists do not believe that people have innate drives or motivations to act in certain ways. Disbelief in the “id”. Which theory?
A
Key concept of cognitive theory. 
13
Q
Belief in the existence of cognitive schemas – our internalized representation of the world, or patterns of thought, actions and problem-solving. Which theory?
A
Key concept of cognitive theory.
14
Q
_______ -Develop from direct learning as well as social learning. Which theory? Which concept?
A
Cognitive theory. Cognitive schemas.
15
Q
Flexible schemas are most desirable. Which theory? Which concept?
A
Cognitive theory. Cognitive schemas.
16
Q
______ are neither correct nor incorrect but rather functional or not functional. Which theory? Which concept?
A
Cognitive theory. Cognitive schemas.
17
Q
______ can change but not necessarily easily. Which theory? Which concept?
A
Cognitive theory. Cognitive schemas.
18
Q
________- Distortions and thinking that are inconsistent with reality. Which theory? Define the term. 
A
Cognitive theory. Cognitive errors.
19
Q
_________ theory hypothesis regarding client distressed/symptoms/clinical formulation: distress can occur when a person does not have the skills to cope with a new situation (cognitive deficit), when a person’s cognitive schemas become too rigid to adapt to new situations, and when people develop misperceptions of reality (cognitive distortions).
A
Cognitive theory.
20
Q
______ Theory -discussion of How change occurs – specific goals/Intervention’s/focus of therapy/application of clinical formulation: ______ interventions are focused on enhancing rationality of a clients thinking patterns, the degree to which conclusions about the self in the world are based on external evidence, and the linear connections among a person’s thoughts, feelings and behaviors.
A
Cognitive theory.
21
Q
______ Theory -discussion of How change occurs – specific goals/Intervention’s/focus of therapy/application of clinical formulation: Therapy is an active process in which the therapist acts as an educator and voice of reason for the client.
A
Cognitive theory.
22
Q
______ Theory -discussion of How change occurs – specific goals/Intervention’s/focus of therapy/application of clinical formulation: Intervention is highly structured.
A
Cognitive theory.
23
Q
______ Theory -discussion of How change occurs – specific goals/Intervention’s/focus of therapy/application of clinical formulation: First session includes setting an agenda, doing a mood check, Reviewing in specifying the presenting problem, setting goals, educating the client about the _____ model and the presenting problem, finding out the clients expectations for therapy, setting up homework, summarizing the session and asking for client feedback.
A
Cognitive theory.
24
Q
______ Theory -discussion of How change occurs – specific goals/Intervention’s/focus of therapy/application of clinical formulation: Follow up sessions include updates/check ins regarding clients mood, linking problems discussed in previous sessions to current sessions, setting the agenda, reviewing homework, and setting up new homework.
A
Cognitive theory.
25
______ Theory -discussion of How change occurs – specific goals/Intervention’s/focus of therapy/application of clinical formulation: Confrontation occurs frequently so that the therapist can point out thought distortions and discrepancies.
Cognitive theory.
26
______ Theory -discussion of How change occurs – specific goals/Intervention’s/focus of therapy/application of clinical formulation: Client can change in three ways – change personal goals to become more consistent with reality, change their thought assumptions, or change their thought distortion/habits.
Cognitive theory. 
27
______ Theory -discussion of How change occurs – specific goals/Intervention’s/focus of therapy/application of clinical formulation: Therapist helps client identify the thoughts that trigger their emotions and behavior, assess the clients motivation and willingness to use different thoughts in response to triggering situations, and challenges the client’s beliefs using natural experiments or tasks.
Cognitive theory.
28
______ Theory -discussion of How change occurs – specific goals/Intervention’s/focus of therapy/application of clinical formulation:
Therapist can teach clients new coping, communication, and problem-solving skills.
Cognitive theory.
29
______ Theory -Discussion of the supporting evidence or lack there of for this theory: Well-established advocacy for the use of this therapy with geriatric depression, major depression, anorexia, bulimia, and conduct disorder.
Cognitive theory.
30
______ Theory -Discussion of the supporting evidence or lack there of for this theory: Well established efficacy for the use of ______ interventions is expanded for a wide variety of disorders. 
Cognitive theory. Cognitive behavior Therapies (CBT)
31
______ Theory -Discussion of the supporting evidence or lack there of for this theory: ______ Intervention is an effective treatment for Latinos, African-Americans, and Asian Americans with Depression.
Cognitive theory. Cognitive behavior Therapies (CBT)
32
______ Theory -Discussion of the supporting evidence or lack there of for this theory: There are few empirical studies of the use of _____ therapies for the treatment of depression in older sexual minorities.
Cognitive theory. Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT)
33
______ Theory -Reflection, where applicable, of ethical issues that the theory might raise or address: Because the client must be able to engage in abstract thought in order to benefit from _____, the clinician must be aware that although 12 years old is the minimum age of _______ theory implementation, people develop at different rates. Not all 12 year olds may be able to engage in abstract thought. 
Cognitive theory. CBT.
34
______ Theory -Reflection, where applicable, of ethical issues that the theory might raise or address: There are several limitations on the implementation of _______ therapy, such as the clients need to have stability in some aspects of life and not be in active crisis. Clinicians must be able to recognize these limitations and change their theoretical approach to therapy if the clients do not meet these requirements.
Cognitive theory. CBT.
35
______ Theory -Reflection, where applicable, of ethical issues that the theory might raise or address: ______ theory encourages clinicians to check in with their own emotions so that their judgment is not impaired.
Cognitive theory. Cognitive theory.
36
______ Theory -Critical analysis of the theory’s attention, or lack thereof, to social work values and person in environment issues, particularly related to oppression and cultural diversity: While _____ therapy takes into account environmental factors that can trigger client’s thoughts, emotions, and actions, _____ interventions are focused on changing the individual’s thought/belief/action patterns regardless of the environment.
Cognitive theory. CBT.
37
______ Theory -Critical analysis of the theory’s attention, or lack thereof, to social work values and person in environment issues, particularly related to oppression and cultural diversity: According to Walsh, _______ therapy can be used with culturally diverse populations and uses Empowerment as a guiding principle.
Cognitive theory. CBT.
38
______ Theory -Critical analysis of the theory’s attention, or lack thereof, to social work values and person in environment issues, particularly related to oppression and cultural diversity: Satterfield contradicts Walsh. States that There is limited research on the use of _____ with minority clients, specifically LGBTQ communities. Satterfield argues that the homework that clients are required to do in ____ therapy may be burdensome and overwhelming to minority clients.
Cognitive theory. CBT.
39
Michael White. Which theory? What fact?
Narrative theory. Electrical and mechanical draftsman term social worker.
40
David Epston. Which theory? What effect?
Narrative theory. Family therapist known for his innovative therapeutic techniques, including letterwriting, resource collections, and supportive communities.
41
People are engaged in an ongoing process of constructing a life story, or personal narrative, that determines their understanding of themselves in their position in the world.
Key concept of Narrative Theory. 
42
People do not have set developmental milestones that they must go through. Which theory?
Narrative theory
43
Systems are not as important as the individual’s view of their story. Which theory?
Key concept of Narrative theory
44
People have the ability to change their personal narrative. Which theory?
Key concept of Narrative theory.
45
__________ – exploring a client’s personal narrative and how it is informed by his or her culture. Which theory? Define term.
Key concept of narrative theory. Deconstruction. 
46
_______- Client develops a new personal narrative that is in line with his or her personal goals. Which theory? Define term.
Key concept of narrative theory. Re-authoring/reconstruction.
47
______ -Celebrating the clients new narrative with friends and family. Which theory? Define term.
Key concept of narrative theory. Celebrating/connection.
48
_________ theory hypothesis regarding client distressed/symptoms/clinical formulation: Problems occur when personal narratives are saturated with self-denigrating beliefs.
Narrative theory
49
 _________ theory hypothesis regarding client distressed/symptoms/clinical formulation: Problems can involve material or emotional suffering.
Narrative theory
50
_________ theory hypothesis regarding client distressed/symptoms/clinical formulation: The client is not the problem, the problem is the problem.
Narrative theory
51
______ Theory -discussion of How change occurs – specific goals/Intervention’s/focus of therapy/application of clinical formulation: Goals include: awakening the client from a problematic pattern of living.
Narrative theory
52
______ Theory -discussion of How change occurs – specific goals/Intervention’s/focus of therapy/application of clinical formulation: Goals include: liberate the client from externally imposed constraints.
Narrative theory
53
______ Theory -discussion of How change occurs – specific goals/Intervention’s/focus of therapy/application of clinical formulation: Goals include: help the client author stories of dignity and competence.
Narrative theory
54
______ Theory -discussion of How change occurs – specific goals/Intervention’s/focus of therapy/application of clinical formulation: Goals include: recruit supportive others to serve as audiences to the clien’ts new life story. 
Narrative theory
55
______ Theory -discussion of How change occurs – specific goals/Intervention’s/focus of therapy/application of clinical formulation: The social worker acts as a collaborator instead of expert. Acts as audience to hear the clients story, and negotiator and co-constructor of a new story line.
Narrative Theory 
56
______ Theory -discussion of How change occurs – specific goals/Intervention’s/focus of therapy/application of clinical formulation: Intervention steps include: normalizing and strengthening how the client understands their problem
Narrative theory
57
______ Theory -discussion of How change occurs – specific goals/Intervention’s/focus of therapy/application of clinical formulation: Intervention steps include: Reflecting/deconstructing the client’s narrative to challenge their assumptions about themselves and the world. Therapist uses let her writing and journaling in this step.
Narrative theory
58
______ Theory -discussion of How change occurs – specific goals/Intervention’s/focus of therapy/application of clinical formulation: Intervention steps include: Celebrating the client’s creation of a new narrative and assisting them to connect with others to celebrate.
Narrative theory
59
______ Theory -Discussion of the supporting evidence or lack there of for this theory: Theory is applicable to interventions with people who have attachment disorders, eating disorders, body image disorders, PTSD, depression, stuttering, substance-abuse, panic disorder, adolescent behavior problems, childhood adjustment issues, life with violent partners, general relationship problems and mental illness
Narrative theory
60
______ Theory -Discussion of the supporting evidence or lack there of for this theory: Intervention can be done with family/groups or individuals
Narrative theory
61
______ Theory -Discussion of the supporting evidence or lack there of for this theory: The majority of the research is qualitative case studies with small numbers of participants. However, some randomized control trials have been used to show this therapy’s effectiveness with clients experiencing PTSD, cancer, and depression.
Narrative theory
62
______ Theory -Discussion of the supporting evidence or lack there of for this theory: Studies have also been conducting that exam in the types of stories that clients with the same or similar disorders expressed.
Narrative theory
63
______ Theory -Reflection, where applicable, of ethical issues that the theory might raise or address: Because this theory does not set a definitive ending to therapy, the client may overuse the therapist and not be able to successfully detach. 
Narrative theory
64
______ Theory -Reflection, where applicable, of ethical issues that the theory might raise or address: This theory does not address working with clients who are not capable of expressing themselves through writing. The integrity of therapy may be compromised if letter writing and journaling cannot be used. 
Narrative theory
65
______ Theory -Reflection, where applicable, of ethical issues that the theory might raise or address: This theory’s disinterest in labeling clients may harm those clients who would benefit from medication to treat their disorders.
Narrative theory
66
______ Theory -Reflection, where applicable, of ethical issues that the theory might raise or address: _____ Theorists may impose their own ideas about what the client’s story should look like.
Narrative theory
67
______ Theory -Critical analysis of the theory’s attention, or lack thereof, to social work values and person in environment issues, particularly related to oppression and cultural diversity: _____ theory emphasizes the importance of empowering the clients to give them more control over their own lives. 
Narrative theory
68
______ Theory -Critical analysis of the theory’s attention, or lack thereof, to social work values and person in environment issues, particularly related to oppression and cultural diversity: _______ Theory views problems as byproducts of cultural practices that are oppressive to the development of functional life stories
Narrative theory
69
______ Theory -Critical analysis of the theory’s attention, or lack thereof, to social work values and person in environment issues, particularly related to oppression and cultural diversity: Social worker encourages the client to assess how society and culture influence their personal story
Narrative theory
70
______ Theory -Critical analysis of the theory’s attention, or lack thereof, to social work values and person in environment issues, particularly related to oppression and cultural diversity: _____ Therapy is useful for working with LGB youth and their families. It is interesting to note that Saltzburg does not include trans individuals when discussing the use of this therapy with LGB adolescence and their families. 
Narrative theory
71
______ Theory -Critical analysis of the theory’s attention, or lack thereof, to social work values and person in environment issues, particularly related to oppression and cultural diversity: _____ Therapists believe that labeling their clients with specific mental illness is disempowering and neglects to see the client as an individual with their own problems and worldview
Narrative theory
72
______ Theory -Critical analysis of the theory’s attention, or lack thereof, to social work values and person in environment issues, particularly related to oppression and cultural diversity: This approach may not be useful with clients facing unemployment and lack of healthcare or housing.
Narrative theory
73
______ Theory -Critical analysis of the theory’s attention, or lack thereof, to social work values and person in environment issues, particularly related to oppression and cultural diversity: Walsh argues that this theory is a theory of social justice. Yet the theory minimizes the role of systems in a person’s story. These characteristics contradict each other. _____ therapists cannot address the role of society and culture in their clients’ stories without addressing their clients’ systems.
Narrative theory
74
Berg. Which theory? What fact?
Solution focused therapy. Primary developer of SFT, background in brief family therapy, social worker.
75
De Shazer. Which theory? What fact?
Primary developer of SFT, background in brief family therapy, believed that the causes of problems may be complex, but the solutions do not necessarily need to be, social worker.
76
Which theorist believed that the causes of problems may be complex, but the solutions do not necessarily need to be?
De Shazer. Solution focused therapy. 
77
Corcoran. Which theory? What fact?
Solution focused therapy. Developmental adaptations of SFT.
78
Metcalf. Which theory? What fact?
Solution focused therapy. Group, marriage, family, and school therapy using SFT.
79
Lipchik. Which theory? What fact?
Solution focused therapy. Social worker, Early contributor to SFT, investigates the therapeutic relationship.
80
Wiener-Davis. Which theory? What fact?
Solution focused therapy. Student of Berg and De Shazer.
81
______ does not represent a single theoretical perspective, it is a model of practice.
Key concept of solution focused therapy. 
82
______ Draws from systems, cognitive, communication, and crisis intervention theories.
Key concept of solution focused therapy.
83
______ People create meaning out of their experiences and want to change.
Key concept of solution focused therapy.
84
______ Individuals have sufficient resources to solve most problems.
Key concept of solution focused therapy.
85
______ Language is powerful in shaping an individuals reality.
Key concept of solution focused therapy.
86
______ Emphasis on solution talk and not on discussion of the problem itself.
Key concept of solution focused therapy.
87
_______ Uses scaling exercises to evaluate the client’s level of motivation. Which theory? 
Key concept of solution focused therapy.
88
_______ Refraining comments and actions -Used by practitioner to give client credit for positive aspects of their behavior relative to the problem. 
Key concept of solution focused therapy.
89
______ Strengths–reinforcing coping questions.
Key concept of solution focused therapy.
90
________ Externalize the problem – practitioner describes the problem in a way that makes it something that is separate from, rather than within, the person. 
Key concept of solution focused therapy.
91
_______ Uses the miracle question. 
Key concept of solution focused therapy.
92
_________ theory hypothesis regarding client distressed/symptoms/clinical formulation: Cycles of behavior that have been reinforced lead to problems.
Solution focused therapy.
93
_________ theory hypothesis regarding client distressed/symptoms/clinical formulation: Narrow, pessimistic views of problems constrain people.
Solution focused therapy
94
_________ theory hypothesis regarding client distressed/symptoms/clinical formulation: No problem is as big as it seems, and there’s no right way to view a problem or solution.
Solution focused therapy
95
_________ theory hypothesis regarding client distressed/symptoms/clinical formulation: It is not necessary to understand the causes of a problem in order to resolve it.
Solution focused therapy.
96
_________ theory hypothesis regarding client distressed/symptoms/clinical formulation: Problems do not serve a function in a system.
Solution focused therapy
97
_________ theory hypothesis regarding client distressed/symptoms/clinical formulation: People are prevented from noticing new information due to their rigid beliefs and attitudes.
Solution focused therapy.
98
______ Theory -discussion of How change occurs – specific goals/Intervention’s/focus of therapy/application of clinical formulation: articulate the problem in the clients beliefs about the source of the problem and how they are affected, how they have cope so far, and what solutions the client has tried.
Solution focused therapy
99
______ Theory -discussion of How change occurs – specific goals/Intervention’s/focus of therapy/application of clinical formulation: Affirm client’s rights to their perspectives on problems and solutions
Solution focused therapy
100
______ Theory -discussion of How change occurs – specific goals/Intervention’s/focus of therapy/application of clinical formulation: Client defines the goals, and the social worker helps the client select goals and strategies that are achievable
Solution focused therapy
101
______ Theory -discussion of How change occurs – specific goals/Intervention’s/focus of therapy/application of clinical formulation: Change is always occurring, and it happens through the reinterpretation of situations and gaining more information that was formerly missing
Solution focused therapy
102
______ Theory -discussion of How change occurs – specific goals/Intervention’s/focus of therapy/application of clinical formulation: Change occurs through behavioral or perceptual changes
Solution focused therapy
103
______ Theory -discussion of How change occurs – specific goals/Intervention’s/focus of therapy/application of clinical formulation: Change is subject to the self – fulfilling prophecy
Solution focused therapy
104
______ Theory -discussion of How change occurs – specific goals/Intervention’s/focus of therapy/application of clinical formulation: Small change can consolidate, or have a ripple effect; fast change is possible.
Solution focused therapy
105
______ Theory -discussion of How change occurs – specific goals/Intervention’s/focus of therapy/application of clinical formulation: There is no distinction between symptomatic and structural change
Solution focused therapy
106
______ Theory -discussion of How change occurs – specific goals/Intervention’s/focus of therapy/application of clinical formulation: Interventions focus on solutions to problems
Solution focused therapy
107
______ Theory -discussion of How change occurs – specific goals/Intervention’s/focus of therapy/application of clinical formulation: Intervention includes: normalize problems
Solution focused therapy
108
______ Theory -discussion of How change occurs – specific goals/Intervention’s/focus of therapy/application of clinical formulation: Intervention includes: Establish the worth of challenging the problem
Solution focused therapy
109
______ Theory -discussion of How change occurs – specific goals/Intervention’s/focus of therapy/application of clinical formulation: Intervention includes: Help the client to act or think differently
Solution focused therapy
110
______ Theory -discussion of How change occurs – specific goals/Intervention’s/focus of therapy/application of clinical formulation: Intervention includes: Focus on the client’s strengths and resources
Solution focused therapy
111
______ Theory -discussion of How change occurs – specific goals/Intervention’s/focus of therapy/application of clinical formulation: Intervention includes: Acknowledge exceptions, which can help client develop ideas for solutions
Solution focused therapy
112
______ Theory -discussion of How change occurs – specific goals/Intervention’s/focus of therapy/application of clinical formulation: Intervention includes: Jointly develop tasks
Solution focused therapy
113
______ Theory -discussion of How change occurs – specific goals/Intervention’s/focus of therapy/application of clinical formulation: Intervention includes: Predict setbacks
Solution focused therapy
114
______ Theory -discussion of How change occurs – specific goals/Intervention’s/focus of therapy/application of clinical formulation: Intervention includes: Evaluate client progress
Solution focused therapy
115
______ Theory -Discussion of the supporting evidence or lack there of for this theory: Experimental, quasi experimental, single subject, and pre-experimental research indicated that ______ is effective with individual, couple, family, and group therapy
Solution focused therapy
116
______ Theory -Discussion of the supporting evidence or lack there of for this theory: _____ also seems to be effective for court mandated domestic violence offenders, couples experiencing intimate partner violence, child protection, school social work, and alcohol treatment.
Solution focused therapy
117
______ Theory -Discussion of the supporting evidence or lack there of for this theory: The fast paced and short term nature of this intervention may interfere with establishing a therapeutic alliance between the practitioner and the client
Solution focused therapy
118
______ Theory -Reflection, where applicable, of ethical issues that the theory might raise or address: This approach may be too superficial and deny the client the opportunity to explore and resolve the presenting problem and their related emotions at greater depth. 
Solution focused therapy
119
______ Theory -Reflection, where applicable, of ethical issues that the theory might raise or address: Does not pathologize client; emphasizes acceptance, by client and practitioner, of the client’s perspective on the presenting problem
Solution focused therapy
120
______ Theory -Critical analysis of the theory’s attention, or lack thereof, to social work values and person in environment issues, particularly related to oppression and cultural diversity: The de-emphasis of the problem may discourage clients from sharing important information or feelings related to the issue at hand and limit discussion of important cultural context or experiences of oppression. 
Solution focused therapy
121
______ Theory -Critical analysis of the theory’s attention, or lack thereof, to social work values and person in environment issues, particularly related to oppression and cultural diversity: Inexperienced practitioners may have the false impression that the intervention is easier than it really is. 
Solution focused therapy
