exam 2 Flashcards
(102 cards)
1
Q
when was racial segregation and lynching in the south
A
early 20th century
2
Q
Where did the African Americans move
A
north
3
Q
Where was sports an important part of AA culture
A
racially segregated schools
4
Q
What helped AA build racial respect
A
international sports
5
Q
Who was jesse owens
A
Political, national hero, destroying Aryan superiority myth
6
Q
what did sports emphasis
A
physical over intellectual
7
Q
what did sports promote
A
status quo
8
Q
what did organized sports destroy
A
spirit of play
9
Q
what is amateurism
A
play w/o pay
not work hard to win
10
Q
What sports went pro
A
baseball and golf
11
Q
What helped athletes in sports like track and tennis
A
sponsorships
expense reimbursements
12
Q
What organization gained power
A
AAU
13
Q
When did scholarships start for college athletes
A
1960
14
Q
When could youths start to work full time
A
14-16yrs old
15
Q
Why did they make a law to segregate teens from work force
A
extend education for careers
16+
16
Q
why did this work law help teens?
A
spend more time with other teens
leisure activities that were unsupervised
17
Q
What did they think harmed traditional social restraints
A
city life
country life a virtue
18
Q
What did muscular Christianity help
A
Build character through sports participation
Teach morals
Adult socialization
Sports
Help start ymca/ ywca
19
Q
What were the values of muscular Christianity
A
cooperation
self discipline
20
Q
Who is luther halsey Gulick
A
Adult directed sport movement
Evolutionary play theory
Founded NYC public schools athletic league
Playground assoc. America
Boy scouts
Campfire girls
Invented triangle symbol of ymca
Gymnastics
Help invent basketball and volleyball
21
Q
What is the meaning of ymca
A
mind and body
22
Q
What happened after Gulick left
A
YMCA less competitive
more participation by all males
23
Q
who promoted the evolutionary play theory
A
Stanley hall and Gulick
24
Q
What are the stages of evolution
A
Early childhood – primal
(infants)
Childhood- pre savage
(Indiv games)
Teens – savage
(Group)
25
Why did people need sports to move through the evolutionary stages
proper physical, moral, and neural development
26
What did the evolution play theory use for sports as socializing agent
Creased special adult run intuitions
Gave rationale for sex segration
-Males- fight and hunt
-Females – care for home and give birth
27
When and who started the public school athletic leagues
Gluck in 1903
28
Why did many people think immigrants youth lacked
moral
play
understanding American values
29
What did the public school athletic league promote
discipline in schools
needed teachers approval in behavior and academic performance
30
What influenced the playground movement
evolutionary play
31
What did the play ground leaders hate
Unsupervised, unstructed play
Did not reach immigrants
32
When did highschool sports increase
early 20th century
33
What did people think public high school sports did
could teach social values needed for modern life
34
How did sports heroes come to be
Salesmanship, journalist, radio broadcasters
Part of new pop culture
Met needs in society
35
Why did sports heroes meet needs in society
Sports gave clear success
Challenged stereotypes
36
Who is jack johnson
heavy weight boxing champion
37
Why was it hard for jack johnson to get fights
his race
38
What was jack johnson like out of the ring
spender
married white women
39
what did johnson challenge
white supremacy idea
40
What did the whites fear with johnson
Success inspired other AA to challenge white supremacy
41
Why did the AAs promote johnson
Intellect and physical prowess
42
Why did some AA fear johnson’s behavior
Harmed quest to be seen as civilized not savages
43
Why was babe ruth loved
- Great pitcher, but better hitter
- Popular with fans
- Antithesis of Victorians
- Loved children
- Egalitarian
- Huge earnings
44
Who was Christy walsh
- First modern athletic business agent
- Organized ruth’s ventures outside baseball
45
When was the golden age of boxing
1920
46
When did the attitudes to prizefighting soften
after WWI
47
What launched the golden age
- Willard- Dempsey fight
48
What was Dempsy called
slacker
49
What did Rickard make Madison square garden in 1920
- Premier sporting venue
50
What was the fight of the century
- Dempsey v. tunney
51
Who was helen wills
- The American girl
- Tennis player
52
Why was helen wills the American girl
- Hard hitting
- Feminine
- Good behavior
53
How did helen wils pioneered new version of athletic women
- Balance “masculine” qualities of force
- Aggression on court
54
Why was helen wills not criticized
- Tennis was considered feminine
- Downplayed her devotion
- Loved attractive clothes
- Married
55
What were the factors making baseball a dominant American sports in the early 1900
- Promoted doubleday
- Establish world series
- Gave folks with diff. backgrounds common bond
- People familiar with baseball
- Rationality of rules
- Unique characters
56
How did the pitcher rules change
Dead ball era
-Bigger home plate
-First 2 balls are strikes
57
who is Ty cobb
- highest lifetime batting avg
- high drive to succeed
- short temper
- teammates did not like him
- people love to see him play
58
What were some of the owner’s challenges
- Avoid direct competition among franchises for players
- Prevent formation of big rival leagues
- Restrict total number of big league teams
- Keep salary cost under control
- National agreement 1903
- Reserve clause
59
What was the black sox scandal
- 1919 world series fixed
- 8 players accused of taking money to throw series
60
What was the result of the black sox scandal
- National agreement 1921
- One commissioner
61
how did the anti trust act help MLB
- hitting revolution
- good completion
- pay more
- mlb had exemption since 1922
62
What cities had the best mlb record
- Large cities
- Drew more fans
- Made more money
63
What is the exception of the team dynasites
- St. louis cardinals
- Gm brach richey
- Farm system
64
Why were the AA kept from major leagues
- Gentlemen’s agreement
65
Who is satchell paige
- Most famous negro league players
- Very talented pitcher
66
Latin American players for racial dichotomy
- Lighter skin latins could clain European credential
- Skin color too dark could not play
67
When did baseball suffer
- During great depression and WWII
68
How did they attempt to gain fans
- All star games
- Hall of fame
- Relaxed restriction on radio broadcast
69
What did football provide
- Release from daily chores
- Shared ID
70
What was the cause of the age crisis of football
- Upper class whites
- American collegians
- Recruited best athletes not academics
- Hired pro coaches
71
What were the magazine printing about football players
- Not gentlemen
- Role of money
- Plots to knock out key opponents
72
What were some of the changes to FB rules
- 10 yrs for 1st down
- 4 downs
- More liberal passing rules
73
What were some of the changes to FB rules
- 10 yrs for 1st down
- 4 downs
- More liberal passing rules
74
What was the king of football
- Increase in attendance
- Lots of media coverage
- Testing ground for masculinity
- Evoked communal pride and ID
- Expressed reginal conscious
- Drew strong almni support
- Help build colleges
75
What were local community ID threatened
- National consumerism
- Nationalization by media
- Growing pluralism
- White collar nationalization
- Growing secularization
76
When was the rise of women sports
- 1910-1920
77
Who is babe Didrikson
- Play track golf and basketball
78
Why did babe Didrikson struggle
- De emphasized traditional femineity
- Called muscle moll
79
Who was hazel walker
- Started Arkansas travelers
- Strategy of apology
80
What was different about AA colleges vs. white colleges
- They nurtured female sport participation
- Emphasized lady like conduct
81
Who is Cleveland abbott
- Formed and coached Tuskegee women’s team
82
Who is alice coachman
- First AA women to win gold
83
Who started the AAGPBL
- Philip K. Wrigley
84
What caused the decline in women’s sports
- Opposed by white female physical educators
- Not focus on elits
- Avoid scandals in men’s sports
- Decrease spending after WWII
- Migrations
- Cold war
85
Why did redefining race start
- Increased due to transport and communication improvements
86
What is sports meanings
- Build good will among nations through friendly competition
- Build patriotic fervor
- Show off national “prowess” via impressive events or athlete triumphs
87
When and where was the first Olympic games
- 1896 and Greece
88
When did US serious participate in the olympics
- 1908
89
Who was the AAU head
-James E. Sullivan
90
What was the purpose of US participant in 1908
- To win
91
Who is jim Thorpe
- American Olympic legend
- Sac and fox Indian
- 1912 olympics
- Got his medals taken away
92
Who is jim Thorpe
- American Olympic legend
- Sac and fox Indian
- 1912 olympics
- Got his medals taken away
93
What happened to the 1916 olympic games
- Cancelled due to WWI
94
What was the 1924 olympics known for
- Showcased selves to world
95
What was the 1932 olympics
- LA, Hollywood
96
What was the 1936 olympics
- Berlin
- Show off german govt and society
97
Who was pro for attending the 1936 olympics
- Avery Brundage
- AOC
- Had nazi friends
98
Who was against for attending the 1926 olympics
- Jeremiah mohoney
- AAU
99
Who was joe louis
Brown bomber
- Like owens
- Prizefighter
100
What were the opportunities joe louis had
- Boxing pro
- Could make a living
101
What were the challenges joe louis had
- In jack johnson’s shadow
102
What was joe louis response to his struggles
- Mentored in behavior
- Never smiled in ring
- Not be photographed with white women
