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POLS 130 > EXAM 2 > Flashcards

EXAM 2 Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

Guerilla War

A

a conflict whereby non state combatants who largely abide by the rules of war target the state

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2
Q

Ideational Explanation for Political Violence

A

ideas may justify or promote the use of violence. think of nationalism or religious fundamentalism

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3
Q

Institutional Explanation for Political Violence

A

existing institutions may encourage violence or constrain human action, creating a violent backlash. think of presidentialism.

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4
Q

Individual Explanation for Political Violence

A

psychological or strategic factors may lead people to carry out violence. think of humiliation or alienation.

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5
Q

Nihilism

A

the rejection of all religious and moral principles, in the belief that life is meaningless.

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6
Q

Political Violence

A

violence outside of state control that is politically motivated.

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7
Q

Relative Deprivation Model

A

a model that predicts revolution when public expectations outpace the rate of domestic change.

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8
Q

Revolution

A

public seizure of the state in order to overturn the existing government and regime.

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9
Q

State Sponsored Terrorism

A

terrorism supported directly by a state and instrument of foreign policy

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10
Q

Terrorism

A

the use of violence by nonstop actors against civilians in order to achieve a political goal.

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11
Q

Abstract Review

A

political institutions ask the court to provide an authoritative interpretation of the constitutional text outside a real dispute.

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12
Q

Bicameral System

A

a political system in which the legislature comprises two houses.

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13
Q

Civil Liberties

A

guarantees and freedoms that governments commit not to abridge, either by a constitution, legislation, or judicial interpretation.

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14
Q

Civil Society

A

organizations outside of the state that help define and advance their own interests.

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15
Q

Civil Rights

A

the rights of citizens to political and social freedom and equality granted by a body of government.

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16
Q

Concrete Review

A

judicial review that allows the constitutional court to rule on the basis of actual legal disputes brought before it.

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17
Q

Constituency

A

a geographical area that an elected official represents.

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18
Q

Constitutional Court

A

a constitutional court is a high court that deals primarily with constitutional law.

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19
Q

Democracy

A

a political system in which political power is exercised either directly or indirectly by the people.

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20
Q

Electoral System

A

a set of rules that decide how votes are cast, counted and translated into seats in a legislature.

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21
Q

Executive

A

having the power to put plans, actions, or laws into effect.

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22
Q

First Past the Post

A

the candidate who wins the most votes in each constituency is elected.

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23
Q

Head of Government

A

the chief officer of the executive branch of a government, often presiding over a cabinet

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24
Q

Head of State

A

the chief public representative of a country, such as a president or a monarch, who may also be the head of government.

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25
Initiative
a petition signed by a certain number of registered voters can force a government to choose either to enact a law or hold a public vote in the legislature.
26
Judicial Review
the mechanism by which courts can review the actions of the government and overturn those that violate the constitution.
27
Legislature
the legislative body of a country or state.
28
Liberal Democracy
a political system that promotes participation, competition, and liberty and emphasizes individual freedom and civil rights.
29
Mixed Electoral System
a mixed electoral system in which voters get two votes: one to decide the representative for their single-seat constituency, and one for a political party.
30
Multimember District
an electoral district or constituency having two or more representatives in a legislative body rather than one.
31
Parliamentary System
democratic form of government in which the party (or a coalition of parties) with the greatest representation in the parliament (legislature) forms the government, its leader becoming prime minister or chancellor.
32
Presidential System
elects a head of government independently of the legislature, while in contrast, the head of government in a parliamentary system answers directly to the legislature.
33
Proportional Representation
an electoral system in which parties gain seats in proportion to the number of votes cast for them.
34
Referendum
a general vote by the electorate on a single political question that has been referred to them for a direct decision.
35
Republicanism
a theory of government that emphasizes the participation of citizens for the common good of the community.
36
Rule of Law
the restriction of the arbitrary exercise of power by subordinating it to well-defined and established laws.
37
Semi-Presidential System
is a republic in which a president exists alongside a prime minister and a cabinet, with the latter two being responsible to the legislature of the state.
38
Separation of Powers
an act of vesting the legislative, executive, and judicial powers of government in separate bodies.
39
Single-member District
an electoral district or constituency having a single representative in a legislative body rather than two or more.
40
Unicameral System
a government with one legislative house or chamber.
41
Vote of No Confidence
a vote showing that a majority does not support the policy of a leader or governing body.
42
Developed Democracies
countries that have institutionalized democracy and a high level of economic development and prosperity
43
Intergovernmental System
the relationships between different governments within a single country, for example, when ministers or officials from the Scottish Government meet their counterparts in the UK Government.
44
Modern
relating to the present or recent times as opposed to the remote past.
45
Supranational System
a multinational union or association in which member countries cede authority and sovereignty on at least some internal matters to the group, whose decisions are binding on its members.
46
Authoritarianism
the enforcement or advocacy of strict obedience to authority at the expense of personal freedom.
47
Bureaucratic Authoritarianism
a specific type of authoritarian regime characterized by having a government made up of highly bureaucratized officials
48
Clientelism
a social order that depends upon relations of patronage; in particular, a political approach that emphasizes or exploits such relations.
49
Corporatism
the control of a state or organization by large interest groups.
50
Illiberal Regime
a governing system in which, although elections take place, citizens are cut off from knowledge about the activities of those who exercise real power because of the lack of civil liberties; thus it does not constitute an open society.
51
Kleptocracy
a global financial system based on money laundering, which "depends on the services of the world's largest banks and expert financial professionals".
52
Non Democratic Regime
relating to a system of government or a country in which the leaders are not elected by the people, or not elected in a way that is considered to be fair
53
Patrimonialism
form of political organization in which authority is based primarily on the personal power exercised by a ruler, either directly or indirectly.
54
Populism
refers to a range of political stances that emphasize the idea of "the people" and often juxtapose this group against "the elite".
55
Rent-Seeking
an economic concept that occurs when an entity seeks to gain added wealth without any reciprocal contribution of productivity.
56
Resource Curse
refers to the failure of many resource-rich countries to benefit fully from their natural resource wealth, and for governments in these countries to respond effectively to public welfare needs.
57
Totalitarianism
a system of government that is centralized and dictatorial and requires complete subservience to the state.
58
Co-Optation
the act or an instance of co-opting something
59
Coercion
the practice of persuading someone to do something by using force or threats.
60
Personality Cult
excessive public admiration for or devotion to a famous person, especially a political leader.

POLS 130 (1 decks)

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