Exam 2

Question 1

Float glass

Answer 1

Made by heating soda like glass while it floats on molten tin

Question 2

Soda-lime glass

Answer 2

Fused silica
High melting point
Not for glass blowing, difficult to work with
Windows, light bulbs

Question 3

Borosilicate

Answer 3

Silica + 5% boric oxide
Resistant to rapid temperature changes
Pyrex dishes, lab ware, thermometers, cookware, sealed-beam headlights

Question 4

Tempered glass

Answer 4

Made with rapid heating and cooling to strengthen
Shatters into cubes
Car side windows, shower doors, phone screens, low windows

Question 5

Laminated glass

Answer 5

Sheet of plastic sandwiched by glass
Car windshields

Question 6

Transition lens glass

Answer 6

Contains particles of silver halide
Oxidation reduction reaction
Lightens or darkens with exposure to UV light

Question 7

Crystalline solid

Answer 7

Structured molecules

Question 8

Amorphous solid

Answer 8

Unstructured molecules
Looks like a solid
Acts like a liquid

Question 9

Annealing

Answer 9

Slow cooling of glass so it doesn’t break

Question 10

Concentric fracture

Answer 10

Fracture pattern where there are concentric circles around the hole

Question 11

Radial fracture

Answer 11

The crack lines emanating from the center of the bullet hole in glass

Question 12

Refraction

Answer 12

How a substance bends light — how fast light travels through the substance

Question 13

Refractive index

Answer 13

How fast light travels though a material and that materials ability to bend the light
The known numbers of different substance’s refraction

Question 14

Immersion method

Answer 14

Submerging glass into different oils with known refractive indexes and determining the refractive index of the glass based on that

Question 15

Relief

Answer 15

The degree to which a mineral grain(s) appear to stand out from the mounting material
Strong: mineral stands out strongly from the oil
Moderate relief: mineral is still visible but less so
Low: mineral is basically invisible

Question 16

Becke Line

Answer 16

Halo on the inside/outside edge of the glass
Wherever the halo is, that’s the substance with the higher index

Question 17

Flax

Answer 17

Plant fiber
Oldest cultivated
Linen

Question 18

Cotton

Answer 18

Plant
Most prevalent

Question 19

Jupe

Answer 19

Plant
2nd most important (burlap)

Question 20

Hemp

Answer 20

Plant
Source of 1st paper

Question 21

Silk

Answer 21

Animal
Silkworm or spider

Question 22

Rayon

Answer 22

Manufactured
Artificial [natural+chemical]
1st artificial fiber from wood
Most common artificial fiber

Question 23

Acetate

Answer 23

Artificial from wood
Satin

Question 24

Nylon

Answer 24

1st synthetic fiber [just chemicals]
The one we saw in that video

Question 25

Acrylic

Answer 25

Synthetic wool

Question 26

Polyester

Answer 26

Most common synthetic fiber

Question 27

How do you differentiate between natural and synthetic fibers?

Answer 27

Burn them. Natural: ash Synthetic: melts

Question 28

Plasma

Answer 28

Mostly water Contains blood clotting elements

Question 29

3 types of formed elements in blood

Answer 29

Red blood cells White blood cells Platelets

Question 30

Antigen

Answer 30

Markers on cell surface Triggers immune response

Question 31

Antibody

Answer 31

Found in the serum A protein that destroys/inactivates a specific antigen (clots blood)

Question 32

Blood types

Answer 32

Type A (anti-B antibodies) Type B (anti-A antibodies) Type AB (no antibodies) Type O (both antibodies)

Question 33

Agglutination

Answer 33

Clumping or clotting of the blood due to the antibodies binding to the antigens on RBCs

Question 34

Universal donor

Answer 34

Type O

Question 35

Universal recipient

Answer 35

Type AB

Question 36

Blood spatter

Answer 36

Blood drops form different shapes depending on... - height it came from - velocity - angle of impact - type of surface it hits

Question 37

Area of convergence

Answer 37

Where the blood spatter originated from

Question 38

Angle of impact

Answer 38

Angle at which a blood drop strikes a surface

Question 39

Factors that affect blood spatter

Answer 39

- speed (faster—larger diameter) - height (higher—larger diameter) - volume (depends on the object blood originated from. Needle—small, baseball bat—large)

Question 40

Refractive index formulas

Answer 40

Snell’s law: N1sin∆1=N2sin∆2 N1: 1st refractive index N2: 2nd refractive index ∆1: angle of incidence ∆2: refractive angle Index of refraction: N=C/V

Question 41

Angle of impact calculation

Answer 41

Impact angle X = sin-1 width/length