Exam 2

Question 1

The main body of a multicellular fungi exists as an underground interwoven mass of filaments called ________.

Answer 1

mycelium

Question 2

Believe it or not, some organisms on Earth cannot tolerate oxygen and will die in the presence of oxygen. These are called ______________.

Answer 2

obligate anaerobe

Question 3

Organisms that can utilize O2 or not for energy production are called ________________.

Answer 3

facultative anaerobe

Question 4

___________ are symbionts of either fungi and green algae or fungi and cyanobacteria.

Answer 4

lichens

Question 5

Amoebozoans include which of the following?

Answer 5

These are organisms that are often have pseudopodia for movement and engulfing food stuff

Question 6

The total amount (i.e. aggregate) of alleles in a population is known as ___________

Answer 6

gene pool

Question 7

______________ is genetically modified to produce human insulin for diabetics.

Answer 7

E. coli

Question 8

Each year fruit harvests lost to fungi infestations range from _____ to _______.

Answer 8

10% - 50%

Question 9

Photoautroph

Answer 9

using energy from light, obtaining carbon from inorganic molecules such as CO2

Question 10

Chemoautrotroph

Answer 10

both energy and carbon source are inorganic molecules

Question 11

Photoherteotroph

Answer 11

uses light energy to obtain organic molecules

Question 12

Chemoheterotroph

Answer 12

both energy and carbon come from acquiring organic molecules

Question 13

Sometimes populations change over time (i.e. evolve) in non-adaptive ways. This is known as _________.

Answer 13

genetic drift

Question 14

Bacteria can form surface coating colonies such as plaques knowns as ____________.

Answer 14

biofilm

Question 15

Apicomplexans include which of the following?

Answer 15

These are organisms that are often specialized for penetrating host cells and usually require 2 or more hosts to complete their life cycle.

Question 16

______________ is a fungal infection of rye crops. Extracts from this fungus is used to make LSD.

Answer 16

ergot

Question 17

Dinoflagellates include which of the following?

Answer 17

These are organisms that are often phytoplanktion, have 2 cellulose plates, and are responsible for “red tides” that poison marine coastal waters.

Question 18

Which of the following is often responsible for red tides?

Answer 18

high levels of nutrients from fertilizers in agriculture cause algae to bloom poisoning marine habitats

Question 19

Which of the following is not an assumption made by the Hardy-Weinberg equation?

Answer 19

Organisms must be evolving

Question 20

Many bacteria are considered extremophiles.

Answer 20

false

Question 21

The division of fungi that has edible and “magic mushrooms” is…

Answer 21

basidiomycetes

Question 22

______________ processes involve viruses that mistakingly carry bacterial genes to new bacteria instead of viral genes

Answer 22

transduction

Question 23

Chemotaxis is..

Answer 23

movement toward or away from a particular chemical.

Question 24

_____________ is responsible for a protist disease that invades liver and blood cells and are spread by mosquitoes killing hundreds of thousands of people every year

Answer 24

malaria

Question 25

In the general population about 1 out of 100,000 people are born with Tay-Sachs disease. It is an autosomal recessive disease that requires individuals to be homozygous recessive. The disease affects the nervous system leaving fatty deposits that results in death within the first 5 years. Based on this approximately what percent of people are homozygous dominant, heterozygous (i.e. carriers but not diseased), and homozygous recessive?

Answer 25

Homo recessive = 0.001% Homo dominant = 99.4% Hetero = 0.6%

Question 26

What is the cause of a decline in photosynthetic protists on the sea surface?

Answer 26

warming surface water acts as a barrier to upwelling of nutrient rich ocean bottom water

Question 27

Based upon their name Lactobacillus would be ___________.

Answer 27

rod shaped

Question 28

______________ processes form bridges that allow gene exchange between bacterial cells.

Answer 28

conjugation

Question 29

__________________ results in new species due to separation by geographic barrier in which evolution occurs independently.

Answer 29

allopatric

Question 30

Certain antibiotics are less likely to penetrate Gram negative bacteria due to an extra membrane layer along the outside of the cell wall.

Answer 30

true

Question 31

Diatoms include which of the following?

Answer 31

These are organisms that are often members of phytoplankton having glass-like shells

Question 32

Pathogenicity can be defined as the capacity of a microbe to cause damage in a host while ____________ refers to the degree of damage caused by the pathogen.

Answer 32

virulence

Question 33

Which of the following is true regarding coral bleaching?

Answer 33

sensitivity to temperature and pollution result in absence of algae that provide nutrients

Question 34

___________ is rapid diversification and spread of species.

Answer 34

adaptive radiation

Question 35

Ciliates include which of the following?

Answer 35

Correct These are organisms that are often major predators to bacteria and other protistts with a "oral groove" for engulfing

Question 36

Select all of the following that are true regarding Gram negative bacteria.

Answer 36

their cell wall is generally thinner. They have 2 cell membranes one inside and one outside their cell wall.

Question 37

Euglenids include which of the following?

Answer 37

These are organisms that are often mixotrophs that have "eyespots" that can photosynthesize and consume organic material for food.

Question 38

___________ is a South American parasite spread by the kissing bug resulting in heart disease later in life.

Answer 38

Chaga's disease

Question 39

Endospores...

Answer 39

form inside nutritionally stressed bacteria that can survive for centuries.

Question 40

During migration some geese members get blown off course and settle in a previously uninhabited area. This is called ____________________.

Answer 40

founder effect

Question 41

______________ is a common yeast infectious fungi

Answer 41

candida

Question 42

Which of the following was the bacterial example that could form an endospore?

Answer 42

anthrax

Question 43

Select all of the following that are ways to introduce new genes into a population.

Answer 43

gene flow mutation

Question 44

_____________ is used to make yogurt.

Answer 44

Lactobacillus bulgaricus

Question 45

___________ are symbionts of plants and fungi where the fungi are associated with plant roots.

Answer 45

mycorrhizae

Question 46

Some archaea can tolerate very salty conditions called ____________________.

Answer 46

halophiles

Question 47

______________ processes integrate new genetic material left in the environment.

Answer 47

transformation

Question 48

Endotoxins get released...

Answer 48

when the bacteria die

Question 49

Select all of the following that are gram positive.

Answer 49

Closteridium anthrax Streptococcus

Question 50

Extremely low birth weights are not favored among humans, nor is extremely high birth weights. More humans survive and reproduce who are born with a more average birth weight. This is an example of _____________ selection.

Answer 50

stabilizing

Question 51

Which division of fungi include lichens, ergot, and many human disease causing fungal infections?

Answer 51

ascomycetes

Question 52

______________ is a common bread mold.

Answer 52

rhizopus

Question 53

Select 2 of the following that are important spirochetes diseases.

Answer 53

syphilis lyme disease

Question 54

An important bacteria that forms symbiotic relationships with legumes to provide plants with nitrogen is...

Answer 54

Rhizobium

Question 55

In the general population about 1 out of 5 people are born with blonde hair in the U.S. We'll assume it is an autosomal recessive trait that requires individuals to be homozygous recessive. Based on this, approximately what percent of people are heterozygous?

Answer 55

49.44

Question 56

Based upon their names Staphylococcus and Streptococcus these bacterium would be ___________.

Answer 56

spherical

Question 57

Which of the following form an important part of phytoplankton

Answer 57

cyanobacteria

Question 58

Finches' beak size on different islands are related to the seed size available on the respective islands (big beaks for big seeds, small beaks for small seeds). Medium beaks had difficulty retrieving small seeds and were also not tough enough for the bigger seeds, and were hence maladaptive. This is an example of _______________ selection.

Answer 58

disruptive

Question 59

Match the following prokaryotic virulence factors

Answer 59

Fimbriae- aides pili- allows capsule- helps plasmid- often