Exam 2 Flashcards

Question

from the Latin word mala = cheek bone, jaw

Answer 1

articul/o, arthr/o

Answer 2

ligament/o

Answer 3

my/o, muscul/o

Answer 4

tend/o, tendin/o

Answer 5

1. frontal 2. sphenoid 3. ethmoid 4. lacrimal 5. nasal 6. zygomatic 7. parietal 8. occipital

Answer 6

any small bone

Answer 7

Composed of or forming bone or bony tissue (from the Latin verb ferre – to carry, bear, or produce)

Answer 8

Surgical repair of a bone

Answer 9

Suturing or wiring of bone (fragments) –from the Greek word rhaphe = a seam or suture

Answer 10

Therapeutic puncture of a bone

Answer 11

The operation for cutting through a bone

Answer 12

Inflammation of bone (marrow) from the Greek word muelos = “bone marrow”

Answer 13

Malignant tumor of the bone, from the Greek word sarx meaning flesh, and –oma a suffix meaning tumor.

Answer 14

A tumor of bone tissue, from the Greek words osteon = bone + -oma a suffix meaning tumor

Answer 15

Any bone disease, from Greek pathos meaning disease

Answer 16

Inflammation of the bone

Answer 17

Hardening of a bone from the Greek words osteon + skleros meaning hard

Answer 18

Increased porosity of bone

Answer 19

Chronic disease involving the joints

Answer 20

Device to outline the curves of the spine

Answer 21

Device to measure spinal curvature

Answer 22

Instrument for cutting the vertebrae

Answer 23

Spinal therapy

Answer 24

Surgical opening or cutting of vertebral canal. Rachitomy.

Answer 25

Painful condition of a vertebra

Answer 26

Inflammation of one or more vertebrae

Answer 27

Breaking down of a vertebral structure

Answer 28

Any disorder of a vertebra

Answer 29

Pain in the spine

Answer 30

Inflammation of the spine

Answer 31

Paralysis of the spine (from G. plege – paralysis)

Answer 32

Curvature of the spine (from G. skoliosis – bending), aka scoliosis

Answer 33

Surgical cutting of the spinal cord (also called laminotomy)

Answer 34

The excision of a joint

Answer 35

The artificial breaking of a fixed joint to provide movement (from the Greek word klasis meaning breaking)

Answer 36

The operation of restoring movement to a fixed (or anyloid (anylo/o – “bent”) joint

Answer 37

Formation of a temporary opening in a joint for drainage purposes

Answer 38

Cutting into a joint

Answer 39

The surgical reconstruction or replacement of a painful or deteriorated joint

Answer 40

The examination of the interior of a joint, performed by inserting an endoscope through a small incision

Answer 41

Acute pain in the joints (from Greek agra –seizure)

Answer 42

Pain in a joint

Answer 43

Inflammation of a joint

Answer 44

Swelling of a joint

Answer 45

Hernia of the synovial membrane (site of lubricating fluid for a joint)

Answer 46

Persistent contracture (stiffness or inability to move) of a joint - from Greek word grupos = curved

Answer 47

any joint disease

Answer 48

Pertaining to the ribs and the costal cartilages

Answer 49

The development of cartilage

Answer 50

The development of cartilage

Answer 51

Resembling cartilage

Answer 52

The formation of cartilage

Answer 53

Excision of cartilage

Answer 54

Surgical repair of cartilage

Answer 55

The surgical procedure for dividing cartilage

Answer 56

Pain in and around cartilage

Answer 57

Softness of any cartilage

Answer 58

Porous condition of cartilage

Answer 59

A cartilaginous tumor

Answer 60

Any inflammatory condition affecting cartilage

Answer 61

Resembling a muscle

Answer 62

Muscle movements (from the Greek word kinesis = movement)

Answer 63

Inflammation of a muscle

Answer 64

Inflammation of the myocardium

Answer 65

Muscle herniation

Answer 66

Any disease of the myocardium causing enlargement

Answer 67

intermittent muscle spasm (from the Greek word klonos = twitching)

Answer 68

inflammation of the vaginal muscles

Answer 69

(from G. diastasis – separation) an abnormal condition in which there is separation of the muscle bundles

Answer 70

a common benign fibroid tumor of the uterine muscle

Answer 71

Device to trace movements caused by muscle contraction

Answer 72

Surgical repair of muscle

Answer 73

Suturing of a wound in a muscle

Answer 74

The surgical division of the whole or part a muscle by cutting through its main tendon

Answer 75

The dissection or cutting of a muscle

Answer 76

An abnormal condition of skeletal muscle characterized by muscle weakness, wasting, and histologic changes within muscle tissue

Answer 77

rupture of a muscle (from the Greek words mys + rhexis = rupture)

Answer 78

Cervical Vertebrae Thoracic Vertebrae Lumbar Vertebrae Sacrum Coccygeal Vertebrae Cervical Curve Thoracic Curve Lumbar Curve Sacral Curve

Answer 79

Lateral movement of the limbs away from the median plane of the body, or lateral bending of the head or trunk.

Answer 80

Movement of a limb, or bending of trunk or head toward median plane of the body.

Answer 81

Wasting due to lack of nutrition or the reduction in size of a structure after having come to fully functional maturity

Answer 82

Inflammation and thickening of the bursa of the joint of the big toe

Answer 83

Pertaining to the neck and the arm

Answer 84

Pertaining to the cervix of the uterus and the bladder

Answer 85

Of fractures where the bone is crushed

Answer 86

Permanent contraction of a muscle due to spasm or paralysis

Answer 87

Crepitation - a grating sound heard on the movement of ends of broken bones

Answer 88

Movement of a part at a joint so as to bend the part toward the posterior aspect of the body. e.g. - dorsiflexion of the foot = movement of the foot backward at the ankle. Backward bending

Answer 89

A fibrous membrane covering, supporting, and separating muscles

Answer 90

Inflamed condition of a fascia

Answer 91

The act of bending or condition of being bent

Answer 92

Cystic tumors developing on a tendon or aponeurosis (a flat fibrous sheet of connective tissue which serves to attach

Answer 93

The big toe

Answer 94

Hammertoe. Angulation of the great toe away from midline of the body

Answer 95

Phosphates below normal in the blood

Answer 96

Increase in size of an organ that does not involve tumor formation

Answer 97

Of a fracture located between the two trochanters of the femur. (Trochanger - either of two processes below the neck of the femur)

Answer 98

Horny growth. Any condition of the skin characterized by the formation of horny growths

Answer 99

abnormal anterior convexity of the spine

Answer 100

pertaining to the lumbar vertebrae and the sacrum

Answer 101

concerning the branch of medical science that deals with prevention of correction of disorders involving locomotor structures of the body, especially the skeleton, joints, fascia, and muscles

Answer 102

temporary or permanent loss of sensation or loss of ability to control movement

Answer 103

paralysis of the lower part of the body and both legs

Answer 104

Inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord (from the Greek word myelos = marrow)

Answer 105

The act of lying prone or face down

Answer 106

Replacing of a missing part with an artificial substitute. An artificial limb or organ

Answer 107

Paralysis affecting all four limbs

Answer 108

Restoration to normal position, as a fractured bone or hernia

Answer 109

Resembling acute and chronic conditions characterized by soreness and stiffness of muscles, and pain in joints and associated structures

Answer 110

Pertaining to the sacrum and ilium

Answer 111

Action lying flat on the back

Answer 112

Beneath the skin

Answer 113

Excision of the synovial membrane (G. syn meaning together)

Answer 114

Pertaining to synovia, the lubricating fluid of joints. (G. syn - with, together + oon, ov - egg)

Answer 115

Inflammation of the synovial membrane

Answer 116

Pertaining to a personality marked by even temperament; normal emotional responsiveness to life situations

Answer 117

Inflammation of a tendon sheath or the tendon itself caused by calcium deposits, repeated strain or trauma, high cholesterol levels, etc.

Answer 118

Inflammation of a tendon

Answer 119

Greek kranion meaning head

Answer 120

Latin clavicula, diminutive form of the Latin word clavis meaning key

Answer 121

Latin noun scapulae meaning shoulder-blades

Answer 122

Latin noun humerus meaning upper arm or shoulder

Answer 123

from the Latin noun ulna meaning elbow, arm.

Answer 124

from the Latin word radius meaning ray, spokes of a wheel.

Answer 125

from the Latin spina meaning thorn

Answer 126

derived from the Greek word sternon meaning breast or chest (male)

Answer 127

from the the Latin word sacer meaning sacred

Answer 128

from the Greek word kokkux = a cuckoo, since the coccyx resembled the cuckoo’s beak in shape.

Answer 129

Latin pelvis meaning a basin

Answer 130

from the Latin tibia, a flute or pipe

Answer 131

Latin patella, diminutive of patera - small, round dish

Answer 132

from the Latin fibula, a broach or clasp

Answer 133

Greek tarsos meaning a wicker basket, crate

Answer 134

Derived from the Greek word karpos meaning wrist

Answer 135

The part that comes after the wrist

Answer 136

the plural form of the Greek phalanx meaning line of battle, or the ordering of infantry

Answer 137

Distal phalanges Intermediate phalanges Proximal phalanges Metacarpals Carpals

Answer 138

Trapezius Deltoid Brachioradialis Latissimus dorsi Biceps femoris Semitendinosus Semimembranosus Gastrocnemius Soleus Levator scapulae Rhomboids Rotator cuff Triceps brachii Gluteus maximus Tibialis posterior Peroneus longus Peroneus brevis

Answer 139

From the Greek word pharyngx is the passageway for air from nasal cavity to larynx and for food from mouth to esophagus.

Answer 140

From the Greek word oisophagos meaning “gullet”. The combining form for esophagus is esophag/o.

Answer 141

Three pairs of glands that produce salivary secretions, usually as a result of food stimuli or reflex action.

Answer 142

Also called the cholecyst, From the Greek words chole meaning bile and kustis meaning bladder.

Answer 143

From the Greek word hepar, meaning liver. The combining from for the liver is hepat/o.

Answer 144

From the Greek word stomachos.

Answer 145

From Latin word duodeni meaning twelve. The combining form for duodenum is duoden/o.

Answer 146

From the Greek words pan meaning "all" and kreas meaning "flesh“. The combining form for pancreas is pancre/o.

Answer 147

From Latin word ieiunus meaning “empty”. The combining forms are ile/o for ileum and jejun/o for jejunum.

Answer 148

The ileocecal valve is located here, a muscle which prevents food from reentering the small intestines.

Answer 149

Also caecum or cecum from the Latin word caecum meaning "blindness" or “blind”.

Answer 150

The colon (From the Greek word kolon) is the first part of the large intestine, beginning at the cecum. The combining form indicating the intestine is enter/o

Answer 151

Impeding the actions of impulses of the fibers of the parasympathetic nerves (that stimulate the contraction of smooth muscle of the alimentary canal – the digestive tract). cholinergic – stimulated, activated or transmitted by choline (acetylcholine)

Answer 152

loss of appetite. From the Greek words an = without, orexis = appetite.

Answer 153

surgical or pathological formation of a passage between any two normally distinct spaces or organs. From the Greek word stoma = opening.

Answer 154

excision of the walls of an antrum (from the Latin word antrum meaning cavity).

Answer 155

a condition characterized by and increase in the alkalinity of the body above normal levels (from the Arabic word al-qali = the marine plant qali, identified as the sea-wort was was burned to produce soda ash).

Answer 156

a pathologic state characterized by an imbalance in the acid-base balance of the body, leading to an accumulation of acids (as in diabetes) or loss of bicarbonates (as in renal disease).

Answer 157

Failure to relax, as in muscles not relaxing after contraction. (From the Greek words a = without + chalasis = relaxation).

Answer 158

a gurgling, splashing sound heard over the large intestine, caused by passage of flatus (gas). From the onomatopoeic Greek word borborygmos.

Answer 159

an active purgative, usually causing several bowel movements (From the Greek word kathartikos – purging).

Answer 160

evacuation of the bowels (from the Latin verb defaecare = to remove dregs).

Answer 161

a bursting open, as an abdominal wound (from the Latin verb dehiscere = to gape).

Answer 162

state of being stretched out or inflated. (from the Latin verb distendere = to stretch out).

Answer 163

a sac or pouch in the walls of a canal or organ.

Answer 164

imperfect digestion (From the Greek words dys = bad + peptein = to digest).

Answer 165

inability or difficulty in swallowing (From the Greek words dys = bad + phagein – to eat).

Answer 166

condition in which the body tissues contain an excessive amount of tissue fluid (from the Greek word oidema = swelling).

Answer 167

vomiting (From the Greek word emesis = a vomiting).

Answer 168

belching (from the Latin verb eructare – to belch).

Answer 169

intestinal gas (from the Latin word flatus = a blowing, a blast).

Answer 170

excessive amount of intestinal gas.

Answer 171

excessive vomiting.

Answer 172

congestion. An increased amount of blood flow in an organ or body part. (From the Greek words hyper = above, excessive + haima = blood).

Answer 173

excessive amount of potassium in the blood (from the Latin word kalium = potassium and From the Greek words hyper = excessive and haima = blood).

Answer 174

excess of nitrogen in the blood.

Answer 175

the presence of extremely low concentration of potassium ions in the circulating blood.

Answer 176

decreased amount of sodium in the blood (from the Arabic word natrun = sodium carbonate).

Answer 177

abnormally low blood calcium levels.

Answer 178

region part of the abdomen beneath lower ribs on both sides of the epigastrium.

Answer 179

hernia in the region of the groin (from the Latin words inguinalis = pertaining to the groin and hernia = a rupture).

Answer 180

inability to endure or incapacity for bearing, as pain, or the effects of a drug, or other substance.

Answer 181

a condition characterized by yellowness of skin and yellow staining of the sclerae (white of the eyes), mucous membranes, and body fluids, due to deposition of bile pigment. (from the Latin word galbinus = yellowish-green; French jaunisse – yellow).

Answer 182

an injury or wound or infected patch on the skin. (from the Latin word laesio = wound).

Answer 183

(French) discomfort, uneasiness, indisposition, often a sign of disease..

Answer 184

lack of necessary or proper food substances in the body or improper absorption and distribution of them.

Answer 185

extremely dilated colon.

Answer 186

evacuations resembling tar, due to actions of intestinal juices on free blood (from the Greek word melas = black).

Answer 187

concerning any mucus membrane.

Answer 188

relating to death of a portion of a tissue (from the Greek word nekros = death).

Answer 189

extending around the rectum.

Answer 190

severe itching (from the Latin verb prurire = to itch).

Answer 191

a return or backward flow (from the Latin re- = back + fluere = to flow).

Answer 192

operation to repair the pylorus.

Answer 193

heartburn. A burning sensation in the epigastric and sternal region, with raising of acid liquid from the stomach (from Greek pyrosis = on fire, a burning).

Answer 194

fatty stools, as seen in pancreatic diseases (from the Greek words steatos = fatty + rhoia = a flow).

Answer 195

Anglo-Saxon. lunge one of two cone-shaped, spongy organs of respiration contained within the pleural cavity (the pleural is a membrane that enfolds the lungs, from Greek pleura meaning side).

Answer 196

G. tracheia - rough The trachea is a cartilaginous tube from the larynx to the bronchi, also called the windpipe. Combining form trache/o

Answer 197

G. bronchos - windpipe one of two large branches of the trachea which provide a passageway for air moving to and from the lungs. They penetrate the lungs and terminate in the bronchioles. Combining forms: bronch/i, bronchi/o, bronchiol/o

Answer 198

G. thorax, thorakos - trunk of the body part of the body between the neck and the diaphragm. Combining form thorac/o

Answer 199

G. diaphragma - partition a musculo-membranous wall separating the abdomen from the thoracic cavity. It contracts with each inspiration (inhalation) and relaxes with each expiration. Combining forms: phren/o, diaphragm/o, diaphragmat/o

Answer 200

absence of normal sense of pain (Greek an – without + algos – pain).

Answer 201

agent that prevents or inhibits coughing (Latin anti – against + tussis – cough).

Answer 202

inability to produce speech sounds from the larynx (Greek phone – voice).

Answer 203

pain in a joint (from Greek arthron – joint).

Answer 204

a collapse or airless condition of the lung (from Greek ateles – imperfect + ektasis – expansion).

Answer 205

slow heart action (from Greek bradys = slow).

Answer 206

rapid, violent throbbing or fluttering of the heart.

Answer 207

paroxysms (sudden recurrence or intensification) of involuntary muscular contractions and relaxations.

Answer 208

a bluish, slate-like discoloration of the skin due to the presence of a reduced amount of hemoglobin in the blood (from Greek kyanos = blue).

Answer 209

inability or difficulty in swallowing (Greek dys = bad + phagein = to eat).

Answer 210

expand (from Latin dilatare – to expand).

Answer 211

profuse sweating (from Greek diaphoresis – a carrying through).

Answer 212

a condition in which the alveoli of the lungs become distended or ruptured (from Greek emphysan – to inflate).

Answer 213

nosebleed (from Greek stazein – to drip)

Answer 214

to expel mucus or phlegm from the throat or lungs (Latin pectus, pectoris – breast)

Answer 215

feverish (Latin febris – fever).

Answer 216

expectoration of blood due to hemorrhage from the larynx, bronchi, trachea, or lungs (from Greek ptuein – to spit)

Answer 217

enlargement of both the liver and spleen.

Answer 218

hyperpnoea; increased inspiration and expiration.

Answer 219

decrease of systolic and diastolic blood pressure below normal. Deficiency in tonus or tension.

Answer 220

within the thorax

Answer 221

disease of the lymph nodes (from Greek aden – gland).

Answer 222

a septum between two principal portions of an organ. The folds of the pleura and intervening space between the right and left lung.

Answer 223

reduction in the amount of urine formed.

Answer 224

Quinsy. A peritonsillar abscess due to bacterial inflammation of the tonsillar area.

Answer 225

containing or of the nature of serum and blood (Latin sanguineus – bloody).

Answer 226

substance obtained by coughing or clearing the throat (Latin sputum).

Answer 227

pertaining to loud breathing producing a snoring sound (Latin sterto – to snore).

Answer 228

abnormal rapidity of heart action.

Answer 229

a blood clot (pl. thrombi, from Greek thrombos).

Answer 230

Tracheotomy – an incision made into the trachea through the neck below the larynx to access the airway below a blockage caused by a foreign body, tumor, or edema of the glottis. Tracheostomy - an opening through the neck into the trachea through which an

Answer 231

causing constriction of the blood vessels.

Answer 232

A localized abnormal dilation of a blood vessel (from the Greek word aneurusma = a widening).

Answer 233

Radiographic imaging of the heart and blood vessels after intravenous injection of a radiopaque diagnostic solution.

Answer 234

Procedure that modifies a blood vessel through surgery or dilation.

Answer 235

An agent that delays or prevents blood coagulation.

Answer 236

An agent that corrects, prevents, or reduces cardiac arrhythmias.

Answer 237

A radiological examination of the aorta after the injection of a contrast medium.

Answer 238

Pertaining to aplasia; having deficient or arrested development (from the Greek word plastikos = shaped).

Answer 239

Pertaining to the apex (tip or summit).

Answer 240

The inability of the heart to maintain its normal beat.

Answer 241

Radiographic image of an artery after injection of a contrast medium.

Answer 242

A form of arteriosclerosis characterized by irregularly distributed lipid deposits (atheromas) within or beneath intimal surfaces of blood vessels. (from the Greek word athere = porridge – an atheroma is a fatty degeneration or thickening of the wall of

Answer 243

Irregular and rapid contractions of the atria working independently of the ventricles.

Answer 244

Condition in which contractions of the atrium become extremely rapid (200-400 beats per minute) with regular rhythm.

Answer 245

cessation of the heart

Answer 246

The narrowing of a blood vessel, in particular the aorta.

Answer 247

In a condition of a coma, an abnormal deep stupor, where the patient cannot be aroused by external stimuli (from the Greek word koma - deep sleep).

Answer 248

The formation of a blood clot in the deep veins of the body.

Answer 249

An agent that increases perspiration

Answer 250

Need for air resulting in difficult or labored breathing

Answer 251

In cardiography this term indicates a heartbeat that originates in some abnormal focus and not in the sinoatrial node (from Greek words ek- = out of and topos = place).

Answer 252

A mass of undissolved matter (air, gas, thrombus, etc.) circulating in the blood or lymphatic vessels until it becomes lodged (from the Greek word embolos = wedge or plug).

Answer 253

A red blood cell (from the Greek word erythros = red and kytos = cell.

Answer 254

The formation of red blood cells (from Greek poiesis - making).

Answer 255

Very rapid contractions or quivering of muscle fibrils.

Answer 256

Dissolution of hemoglobin, the iron containing pigment of red blood cells.

Answer 257

Pertaining to the breaking down of red blood cells.

Answer 258

Expectoration of blood (from the Greek word ptuein = to spit).

Answer 259

Enlargement of the liver.

Answer 260

Device or medicine which arrests the flow of blood (from Greek word statikos = standing).

Answer 261

Relating to the entire systole, the period of the heart's contraction (from the Greek holos = whole).

Answer 262

Excessive amounts of lipids (e.g., cholesterol, triglycerides, etc.) in the blood.

Answer 263

A disorder characterized by persistently elevated blood pressure.

Answer 264

Decreased motor reaction to stimulus (from Greek kinesis - motion).

Answer 265

A deficiency of prothrombin, a blood clotting factor, in the blood.

Answer 266

Any area of tissue that becomes necrotic as a result of being cut off from the blood supply.

Answer 267

within a muscle

Answer 268

within a vein

Answer 269

Transient or localized deficiency of blood supply due to some circulatory obstruction (from the Greek verb ischein = to hold back).

Answer 270

White blood cell (from the Greek word leukos = white).

Answer 271

Abnormal decrease in white blood cells (from the Greek word penia = poverty).

Answer 272

Edema due to obstruction swelling of the lymphatic vessels (from the Greek word oidema = swelling).

Answer 273

Inflammation of a lymphatic gland (from Greek aden = gland).

Answer 274

A general term for growth of new tissue in the lymphatic system (from Greek -oma = tumor).

Answer 275

Anemia -(a condition in which there is a reduced number of circulating red corpuscles or hemoglobin) in which megaloblasts (large nucleated red blood corpuscles) are found (from Greek word blastos = germ).

Answer 276

A small erythrocyte.

Answer 277

Common condition in which the two flaps of the mitral valve prolapse (bulge) into the left atrium, causing a characteristic murmur heard in auscultation.

Answer 278

Sudden and abrupt acceleration of cardiac rate, ceasing abruptly, originating in an ectopic or abnormal focus in the atria (from Greek word paroxysmos - sudden recurrence; and from the Greek word tachy = speed).

Answer 279

The flow of the blood or any other perfusate through the tissues.

Answer 280

Excision of a pulmonary embolism.

Answer 281

A condition characterized by hemorrhage into the skin, and also the mucous membranes, internal organs, and other tissues. Hemorrhages into the skin initially show red and gradually darken into purple, then fading into brownish-yellow prior to finally disa

Answer 282

Beneath or concerning the area beneath the tongue (from the Latin word lingua = tongue).

Exam 2 Flashcards

(331 cards)