Exam 2 Flashcards
(45 cards)
what demography was sex-selective abortion popular with
middle class, rich/highly educated
what were some effects of an imbalanced sex ratio?
kidnapping and trafficking of girls, sharing of wives, child brides, more crime, rape, buildup of militias, interracial marriages, men traveling abroad to find wives, inc female suicide rates, dec cost of dowries, inc price of brides, inc in household savings
how did relaxation of the policy result in unnatural upsurge in number of boys?
allowed couples that had girls as their first child to have more kids
sex ratios go out of whack when what 3 things occur at once
1) lots of ppl must rlly want boys
2)low birth rates
3)must have an accessible way of getting rid of unwanted girls/ abortion
ways to bring sex ratio back to normal
1) matrilocality- living in wife’s household
2) urbanization- couples in cities live far from parents, move away from tradition
3)rural men are struggling to find wives bc women move to cities
4)govt tries to cajole citizens into birthing girls via money and posters
5)TV education via soap operas about female infanticides rose awareness
What is a reason as to why fertility is falling?
spread of women being educated
what was the result of China’s one child policy
female infanticide, imbalanced sex ratios, mass sterilizations, forced abortions
T/F: Higher standards of living inc fertility
F
how does dec fertility rate help the economy
it changes the structure of the pop (inc size of workforce relative to numbers of children and old ppl, affects dependency ratio bc old ppl, allows more rapid accumulation of capita per head and if have farm get more land per children rather )
describe the fertility planning in Thailand
nurses and midwives presribed BC pills, family planning floating market, introduction to condoms in schools, micro-credit fund,
social advantages of fewer kids
symbolizes rich, high social status
what are the 3 preconditions of fertility decline
1)fertility must be of conscious choice and that it is up to the parents to decide how many kids to have, not God or some external source
2)must be advantageous econ and/or socially
3) contraception must be easily accessible and available
What happened in Japan
western ideas of health and sanitation infiltrated, big pop boom but overcrowded and danger of famine. Resulted in formation of Population Council to control world pop growth. Population council tried to dev new forms of contraception and to help countries set up family planning programs which started in India and Pakistan
What happened in Puerto Rico
clinical trial for BC pills but didn’t know abt it, mass sterilization programs, eugenic thinking that PR were inferior
How did effective contraception begin?
Began in France- figured out ways of sex that didn’t include vaginal intercourse, pulling out. Women started taking charge
what is the most important correlator for fertility rate
education
What happened btwn WW2 and 1970s that led to fertility dec
pop boom–> panic
Population Bomb book
Costa Rica and Puerto Rico
Who were the “contraceptive cavalry”
US elites like Rockefeller
What happened in Costa Rica
effective govt, shrank military, invested into healthcare, role of Catholicism: promoted smaller families due to growth of evangelical.
T/F: Modernizing societies will bring sex ratios backt to normal
F
T/F: Sex disparities tend to rise with inc income and education
T
what explained the unnatural upsurge in the number of boys
Relaxaion of the 1-child policy
Relaxations of the 1-child policy
1) in coastal provinces, 40% of couples are allowed to have a second child if first is not a girl
2)in central and southern provinces everyone is permitted a second child if the first was a girl or if the parents suffer hardship
T/F: One child policy is stricter in urban areas
T
