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Biology 1020- Diversity of Life > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

(80 cards)

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1
Q

Tissues

A

An organization of specialized cells

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2
Q

Germ Layers

A

Ectoderm, endoderm, mesoderm

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3
Q

Ectoderm

A

Epithelial tissue and nervous tissue

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4
Q

Mesoderm

A

Muscular, circulatory, skeletal

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5
Q

Endoderm

A

Gives rise to internal organs

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6
Q

Free Form Symmetry

A

No symmetry

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7
Q

Radial Symmetry

A

When a plane can be passed through a central axis and divide the organism into two equal halves

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8
Q

Bilateral Symmetry

A

When a plane can be passed one way through a central axis to divide the organism into two equal halves

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9
Q

Cephalization

A

The grouping of primary sensory organs at one end of the organism

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10
Q

Coelom

A

“Cavity”; A space between the gut and body wall used to house organs

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11
Q

Acoelomates

A

No body cavity; less complex

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12
Q

Pseudocolemates

A

Have a partially lined cavity

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13
Q

Coleomates

A

Have a fully lined body cavity

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14
Q

Segmentation

A

Similar repeated units; allows for an increase in size without the need for new DNA

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15
Q

Intercellular Digestion

A

Digestion within the cell

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16
Q

Gastrovascular Cavity

A

One opening, both mouth and anus

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17
Q

Complete Digestive Tract

A

Two openings, mouth separate from the anus

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18
Q

Invertebrates

A

Animals that lack a backbone

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19
Q

Vertebrates

A

Animals that have a backbone

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20
Q

Porifera

A

Sponges

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21
Q

Cnidaria

A

Jellyfish

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22
Q

Platyhelminthes

A

Flatworms

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23
Q

Annelida

A

Segmented worms

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24
Q

Nematoda

A

Round worms

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25
Arthropoda
"jointed skeleton"
26
Deuterostomes
The first embryonic opening is the anus and the second becomes the mouth
27
Chordates have:
notochord, a dorsal nerve chord, pharyngeal gill slits, tail near anus
28
Invertebrate Chordates have:
Everything but the bony set of vertebrae
29
Tunicates
Sea squirts
30
Cephalochordates
Lancelets
31
Jawless Fish
Lampreys, hagfish
32
Chondrocytes
Sharks, skate, rays
33
Bony Fish
Have 2 chambered hearts
34
Amphibians
Body style and mode of reproduction is somewhere in between fish and reptiles; 3 chambered hearts
35
Ectothermic
Relying on the environment's temperature for body temperature
36
Reptiles
Have 3 chambered hearts
37
Birds
Have 4 chambered hearts
38
Endothermic
When you generate and maintain your own body heat
39
Mammals
Have 4 chambered hearts
40
Unique to mammals:
Hair/fur, internal fertilization and development, dentition, mammary glands
41
Dentition
The alignment of the jaws that allow for chewing and grinding
42
Monotremes
Egg laying mammals
43
Marsupials
Pouched animals
44
Eutherians
Placental animals
45
Behavior
The way an organism responds to a situation or stimulus
46
Fixed Action Patterns (FAP's)
A behavior brought about by a sign stimulus
47
Learning
A durable change in behavior brought about by experience
48
Imprinting
A simple form of learning that has a strong genetic component
49
Sensitive Period
The behavior develops only during a 2-3 day period after hatching
50
Associative Learning
A change in behavior that involves an association between two events
51
Classical Conditioning
When two different types of stimuli are present at the same time, resulting in an animal forming an association between them
52
Operant Conditioning
When a stimulus response is strengthened
53
Why animals defend territories:
Ensures a source of food, allows rights for females, area to raise young, protection
54
Fitness
An organism's reproductive success
55
Assortative Selection
Choosing mates with traits similar to ourselves
56
Sexual Selection
The selecting is always done by the female and the males display their virtues
57
Altruism
A behavior that potentially limits an organism's. reproductive success but benefits another member of the same species
58
Kin Selection
When the potential sacrifice will benefit an individual with the same genetics
59
Inclusive Fitness
Refers to the number of offspring an individual rears and supports
60
Reciprocal Altruism
When an organism acts in a manner that temporarily reduces its fitness while increasing another organism's fitness with the expectation that the other organism will act similar at a later time
61
Neuron
Individual nerve cell
62
Function of the nervous system:
Receive information, information has to be integrated, conduct a signal, transmit a signal, coordinate metabolic activities
63
Four basic parts of a neuron:
Dendrites, cell body, axons, synaptic terminals
64
Dendrites
Receives information from other neurons or outside the body and convert stimuli into electrical signals
65
Cell Body
The integration center; adds up the signals from the dendrites and decides whether or not to produce an action potential
66
Action Potential
Electrical output of the cell
67
Axons
Carry the action potential from the cell body to the synaptic terminal
68
Axons also make up:
Bundled together they make up nerves; also make nerve cells the longest cells of the body
69
Synaptic Terminal
Swellings at the end of a neuron that contain neurotransmitters and receptors
70
Neurotransmitters
Send messages to other neurons/organs
71
Receptors
Receive and bind the neurotransmitters from other neurons
72
Central Nervous System
Brain, spinal cord
73
Peripheral Nervous System
Nerves that connect the central to the rest of the body; somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system
74
Somatic Nervous System
Synapse on skeletal muscle; controls voluntary muscle movement
75
Autonomic Nervous System
Controls involuntary movement; sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system
76
Sympathetic Nervous System
Works on organs and prepares them for stress; fight or flight
77
Parasympathetic Nervous System
Rest and rumination
78
Central Nervous System is protected in three ways:
Skull/vertebrae, meninges, cerebrospinal fluid
79
Meninges
Triple layers of connective tissue that surrounds the brain and spinal cord
80
Cerebrospinal Fluid
Between the meninges and brain/spinal cord; cushions both

Biology 1020- Diversity of Life (4 decks)

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