Exam 2 Flashcards
(77 cards)
1
Q
Christokos
A
“Christ Bearer”
2 natures and 2 persons = schizophrenic Jesus
2
Q
Nestorius
A
From Antioch - believed in christotokos.
3
Q
Cyril
A
From Alexandria - believed in Theotokos.
4
Q
Theotokos
A
God Bearer
2 Natures perfectly joined
5
Q
Political issues at the time of nestorius and Cyril
A
- Control of Constantinople
- Antioch vs Alexandria
- Nestorius vs Cyril
6
Q
How late were the Antiochenes to the 2rd Ecumenical Council of Ephesus in 431
A
19 Days late
7
Q
Who was deposed at the Ecumenical Council of Ephesus in 431
A
Nestorius
8
Q
Antiochenes countered and condemned who at the Ecumenical Council of Ephesus in 431
A
Cyril
9
Q
T or F - Churches excommunicated each other after council 431
A
True
10
Q
Who came up with the idea of excommunication
A
Cyprian
11
Q
Formula of Reunion
A
433
Compromise statement between Antioch and Alexandria
Nestorius remained condemned
12
Q
Nestorians
A
Those who supported 2 natures and 2 persons after 431
13
Q
Issue at 4th Ecumenical Council of 451
A
Divinity and humanity of Christ
14
Q
Eutyches answer at 4th Ecumenical Council
A
Christ’s humanity and divinity united - hybrid
15
Q
Who despised of Etuyches and sought help of Rome
A
Flavian
16
Q
Political Issues of 451
A
- Alexandria vs Antioch again
- Eutyches vs. Flavian
- Both sides appeal to Rom
17
Q
Eutyches
A
abbot trained in Alexandria, lived at monastery in Constantinople
18
Q
Flavian
A
Antiochene bishop of Constantinople
19
Q
Who did Leo the great support after the 4th Ecumenical Council of 451
A
Flavian
20
Q
4th Ecumenical Council of 451 is also known as
A
Robbers Synod of 449
21
Q
Who was the president of Robbers Synod of 449
A
Dioscorus
22
Q
Dioscorus
A
Bishop of Alexandrian and presided Synod
23
Q
How was Flavian of Constantinople treated after the Robbers Synod of 449
A
violently, he died days later
24
Q
Pope Leo’s letter was not allowed to be read, thus he dubbed the council
A
Robbers Synod
25
Decisions of Robbers Synod
- hybrid of Eutyches affirmed
- 2 natures of Antioch declared heresy
- moderate antiochene position declared heretical
26
Who died of a broken neck when they fell of their horse
Emperor Theodosius
27
Who called 4th council of Chalcedon in 451 at request of Pope Leo
Pulcheria
28
What did the Council of Chalcedon in 451 affirm?
- Nicene Tradition
- Leos letter “2 natures in 1 person” (Tertullian)
- “Definition of Faith” aka Symbol of Chalcedon
- fully divine (against Arius) full human (against Apollinaire); humanity and divinity not separate, not a hybrid
- Constantinople = rome
29
Definition of Faith
Symbol of Chalcedon, not a creed but clarified what church holds to be true and sets limits
30
Chalcedonians
People who affirm with council of Chalcedon
31
Monophysites
‘One nature’ believers, divine overrides human nature (Egypt and Syria)
32
Nestorians
Fully human, fully god, one person (Persian empire)
33
Novatians
Wanted PURE church, Arians (Europe)
34
Donatists.
Located in North Africa
35
Monatists
They were spirit-filled
36
What did Egyptians displeasure with Chalcedon lead to
Rome loses an ally, and Rome stands alone against Constantinople
37
Emperor Zeno, Henoticon 482
All return to Nicene Creed (can’t have all the division, fusing and fighting) in East
38
Pope Felix III
Emperor has no authority to determine what was to be believed, only bishop and councils in West (Rome)
39
Who supports Zeno?
Acacias, Patriarch of Constantinople
40
When did the Acadian Schism end?
519, when Justin and Pope Hormisdas agree to affirm in 451
41
Justinian gave definitive form to ____ culture
Byzantine
42
Codex Justianis
Codified Roman Law -
- Xn element: trinity
- penalty for religious dissenters
- paganism = death
- pagan university of Athens closed
- Jews forbidden to convert others and to have XN
43
Caesaropapism
Combines government with church
- emperor = lords anointed
- no separation of church and state
44
Emperor Justinian rebuilt what?
Haiga Sophia
45
Issues at 5th Council of Constantinople
How are divinity and humanity joined in Christ
Repair division in church
46
Decisions of 5h Council of Constantinople
- Justinian prods; 3 chapters condemned
- Rejects Monophysitism
- Chalcedon upheld
47
Invasions from 5th to 8th centuries and fall of the west
- North Africa falls to Arian vandals
- Spain falls to Arian visigoths who overran rome in 410
- Gaul divided burgundians and franks
- Burgundian king converted in earth 6rh
- Clovis baptized in 496
- 534 - Franks conquer burgundians and kingdom united
48
In 534 France/Burgundian was conquered by who?
Franks
49
German Invasions of Great Britain
- Great Britain - invasions, troops withdrawn, people left
- Great Britain is settled by pagan Anglos and Saxons, eventually become Xn.
- Ireland (never been part of empire)
50
St. Patrick
Baptized 415
- 416: captured in raid, escaped, returned to Ireland because of vision.
- converts Ireland.
51
Monasteries in Ireland
Were founded and untouched by conquerors going through the mainland and GB
- strange, b/c most were destroyed
- much was preserved
52
German Invasions of Italy
410 - rome falls; under visigoths
476 - western emperor removed
- Zeno - invites Arian Ostrogoths to invade
- Justinian would deliver Italy
- 568 - Italy invaded by lombards
53
Lombard are a _____ tribe
German
54
Western Monstacisim
- Practical: train body for service, particularly missions
- community not solitude
-right arm of ecclesiastical hierarchy when not corrupt
55
Benedict
Baptized in 480 in Italy
- founder/father of western monasticism
- native of Italy - Ostrogoths and Arian ortho struggle
- 20 yrs cave, hermit, fame grew
- Monte casino - previously a sacred grove and pagan rites
56
True father of monasticism was
Anthony
57
Rule of Benedict
Sought to wisely order life
Two meals, fruits and veggies
Bed cover pillow
Permanence
Obedience
Physical labor
Prayer - eight times a day
No possessions
58
Permanence
When you join and commit to one monastery you must stay — provided stability in a chaotic world — trained as missionaries go serve and return
59
Canonical Hours
The hours of prayer
- midnight
- 3 am
- 6 am
- 9 am
- noon
- 3pm
- 6 pm
- 9 pm
60
Benefits and spread of Monasticism
- stability
- study and teaching centers
- turned bad into good, helped transform the land.
61
Monte casino burned by lombards
Monks fled to rome, gregory, later pope knew them and spread Benedictine Monasticism
62
The West: Invasions and the Papacy
Pope - father/papa - referred to bishops in E and W.
63
Pope Leo the great
440-461
Led negotiations when Vandals sacked rome and went out and met Attila and his Huns in 452; Attila decided not to attack rome.
64
Pope ______ the Great means
the first pope of that name
65
Which pope understood himself to be peters direct successor?
Pope Leo
66
Pope Gregory the Great
590 - 604
- elected pope lombards attacking Rome, epidemic, food shortage
- organized food distribution, buildiing of aqueducts
- developed idea of purgatory
- not power hungry like Leo
67
Purgatory
Augustine presented this idea
68
Differences between Pagans and Christians
Christians - if baptized at any point - they get purgatory or heaven
Pagans - if you have sins at death, hell.
69
Bibles were rare at this point because
They had to be hand copied
70
Pope Gregory
spread of Benedictine monasticism
Augustine to England
Pastoral care
Gregorys successors struggled with Constantinople
71
Mohammed and the Arabs
610 - vision
622 - flees Mecca
630 - Mecca subdued
632 - Mohammed dies, much of Arabia was moslem
72
The Arabs and Islam
635 - takes Damascus
711 - subdues most of Spain
732 - battle of tours
Charles Martel stops it
73
732 Arabs and Islam
Taken North Africa, Persian empire, Egypt, Palestine, and Syria
Xn centers under moslem rule
Confined Byzantine empire to turkey and its holdings in europes.
74
Background of the 6th ecumenical council
patriarch
Surging of const
Monotheism - X has one will, the divine will
Apollinaire - should and mind divine in human skin
75
Result of 6th ecumenical council
Monotheism will be rejected by council - two wills of X again affirmed by the council
76
Church at this point
Calendar central to all Xn experiences
Annual fasts and feasts, saints days, holidays, birthdays and baptism, coming of age, marriage, death, worship
Center for business, taxes paid, royal decrees
Church was state and state was church
Heresy was treachery against community
Recived only wafer
Preaching declined in services.
77
Rise of the carolingians
732 - rise of franks under carolingians
Pepin - son of CM forces king to abdicate throne
Donation of constantine
Charlemagne emperor in 8–
Franks and rome develop relationship
