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Wellness Exam 2 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

QRS complex phase

A

Represents ventricular depolarization

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2
Q

P wave phase

A

Atrial depolarization

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3
Q

T wave

A

Ventricular repolarization

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4
Q

Q wave

A

The first downward wave of the QRS complex

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5
Q

S wave

A

Negative deflection following the R wave

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6
Q

R wave

A

Initial positive deflection

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7
Q

Infant frontals

Anterior frontal

A

Soft spot on top of infants head (open at birth)

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8
Q

Infant frontals

Posterior fontanel

A

Closes by 1 to 2 months

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9
Q

Acromegaly

A

Elongated head
Massive face
Overgrowth of nose
Heavy eyebrow ridge

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10
Q

Exophthalmos

A

Bulging eyes

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11
Q

Myxedema

A

Severely advanced hypothyroidism

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12
Q

Cachexia

A

Sunken eyes, hallow cheeks, wasting disorder in cancer, extreme weight loss

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13
Q

Lymphadenopathy

A

Swollen lymph nodes

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14
Q

Lymph nodes

Preauricular
Posterior auricular
Occipital
Submental
Submandibular

A

Preauricular: in front of ear
Posterior auricular: (‘mastoid) superficial to the mastoid process
Occipital : at base of skull
Submental: midline, behind tip of mandible
Submandibular: halfway between angle and tip of mandible

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15
Q

Confrontation test for eyes

A

Measure of peripheral vision

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16
Q

Corneal light reflex for eye test

A

Asses parallel alignment of eye axes by shining light towards the persons eye

17
Q

Abnormal findings for eye test

Esotropia
Exotropia
Hypotropia
Hypertropia

A

Esotropia: eye turns inward
Exotropia : eye turn outward
Hypotropia : eye turns downwards
Hypertropia: eye turns upwards

18
Q

Ear

Normal tympanic membrane
Abnormal tympanic membrane

A

Shiny, translucent with a pearl gray color

Retract drum, perforation, scarred drum

19
Q

Types of hearing loss

Conductive
Sensorineural
Mixed hearing loss

A

Conductive : mechanical dysfunction or external of middle ear (partial loss)
Sensorineural : pathology of inner ear, CN VIII, or cerebral cortex
Mixed hearing loss

20
Q

Vertigo
Tinnitus
Epistaxis
Rhinorrhea
Dysphagia
Xerostomia

A

Vertigo: affects balance, dizziness, spinning sensation
Tinnitus: buzzing, ringing in ears
Epistaxis: nose bleed
Rhinorrhea: runny nose
Dysphagia: difficulty swallowing
Xerostomia: dry mouth

21
Q

What position is best for breast exam

A

Suspine

22
Q

What pattern is recommended to detect breast masses

A

Vertical strip pattern

23
Q

Respiratory and lung

Hypercapnia
Hypoxemia

A

Hypercapnia: increase in carbon dioxide in blood
Hypoxemia: decrease of oxygen in blood

24
Q

Pleurae
Pleural cavity
Visceral pleura
Parietal pleura
Acinus

A

Pleurae: slippery membrane between lungs/chest
Pleural cavity: holds lungs
Visceral pleura: lines outside of lungs
Parietal pleura: lines chest cavity
Acinus: functional unit, consists of bronchioles, alveolar ducts, holds all materials for gas exchange

25
Q

Types of sounds and where they’re heard

Bronchial
Bronchovesicular
Vesicular

A

Bronchial: adults / older children. Heard over 2nd/3rd intercostal spaces, sounds are tubular/ hallow (abnormal)

Bronchovesicular: heard over trachea as person breathes out, sounds are soft, low pitched (abnormal)

Vesicular: heard over most of chest (normal)

26
Q

Crepitus
Atelectatic crackles
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

A

Crepitus: abnormal course crackling sensation over skin surface( grating sound by friction between bone and cartilage)

Atelectatic crackles: short, popping, crackling sounds that don’t last beyond a few breathes (lung collapse)

Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea : shortness of breath, wake up gasping for air

27
Q

Cardiac

Pericardium
Myocardium
Endocardium
Base of heart
Apex of heart
Bundle of branches

A

Pericardium: tough, fibrous, double-walled sac that surrounds/ protects the heart

Myocardium: muscular wall of heart

Endocardium: thin layer of endothelial tissue that lines inner surface of heart chambers/ valves

Base of heart: 2nd intercostal space, top of heart

Apex of heart: bottom of heart

Bundle of branches : causes contraction of the heart

28
Q

4 valves in heart

2 atrioventricular
2 semilunar

A

2 atrioventricular (AV valves) : opens during hearts filling phase; diastole, closes during pumping phase; systolic
—tricuspid valve: right AV
—bicuspid valve: left AV

2 semilunar (SL valves):
—pulmonic valve: SL in right side of heart
—aortic valve: SL valve in left side of heart

29
Q

Circulation of blood through heart

A

Superior vena cava/inferior vena cava
Right atrium
Tricuspid valve (AV)
Right ventricle
Pulmonary valve (SL)
Pulmonary artery
Lungs ( gets oxygenated)
Pulmonary vein
Left atrium
Bicuspid valve (AV)
Left ventricle
Aortic valve (SL)
Aorta
Rest. Of body

30
Q

Heart sounds

S1
S2
S3
S4

A

S1: AV VALVES, bicuspid (mitral) / tricuspid, signals beginning of systole, loudest at the apex, coincides with carotid pulse

S2: SL valves, aortic/ pulmonic, closure of semilunar, loudest at base

S3: “Kentucky” occurs when ventricles are resistant to filling during early rapid filling phase

S4: “Tennessee” occurs at end of diastole, resistant to filling, occurs before S1

Wellness Exam 2 (1 decks)

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