Exam 2

Question 1

a linear piece of DNA wrapped around Proteins for efficient storage

Answer 1

Chromosome

Question 2

linear chromosomes within a nucleus

Answer 2

Eukaryotic Cells

Question 3

Single Circular chromosome attached to the Cell membrane

Answer 3

Prokaryotic

Question 4

a chromosome with the same genetic information with slight variation in sequence

Answer 4

Homologous Chromosomes

Question 5

A pair of homologous chromosomes, i;e. PATERNAL AND MATERNAL CHROMSOME

Answer 5

Homologous Pair

Question 6

the chromatid of a chromosome that has been replicated, resulting in identical genetic sequences

Answer 6

Sister chromatids

Question 7

The process of Cell Division

Answer 7

Mitosis

Question 8

The genetic material is replicated during the DMA synthesis portion of interphase

Answer 8

Interphase

Question 9

Chromatids condense, spindle fibers form, and the nuclear envelope dissolves

Answer 9

Prophase

Question 10

chromatids line up in the center, spindle fibers attach to chromatids

Answer 10

metaphase

Question 11

spindle fibers separate sister chromatids, chromosomes move toward the side

Answer 11

Anaphase

Question 12

nuclear membrane form around each set of DNA, Chromosomes decondense

Answer 12

Telophase

Question 13

cytoplasm divides into 2, resulting in 2 daughter cells

Answer 13

Cytoskines

Question 14

unrestrained cell growth and division

Answer 14

Cancer

Question 15

spread to adjacent tissue

Answer 15

Metastasize

Question 16

A in Dna may cause a cell to grow out of control

Answer 16

Mutuation

Question 17

DNA damaging agents such as x rays, sun, nuclear radiation, viruses

Answer 17

Mutagens

Question 18

A single parent produces identical offspring

Answer 18

Asexual

Question 19

offspring produced by fertilization, therefore are not identical

Answer 19

Sexual reproduction

Question 20

the fusion of sperm and egg

Answer 20

Fertilization

Question 21

the process of cell division that results in daughter cells that are not identical to the parent cell

Answer 21

Meiosis

Question 22

The collection of all the DNA sequences required to build an individual

Answer 22

Genome

Question 23

a cell that has only two copies of each chromosome. result in mitosis

Answer 23

Diploid

Question 24

a cell that has only one copy of each chromosome, result of meiosis

Answer 24

Haploid

Question 25

results in two daughter cells with 46 chromosomes

Answer 25

PMAT I

Question 26

results in 4 daughter cells with 23 chromsomes

Answer 26

PMAT II

Question 27

Variation of a gene, DNA sequence is slightly different

Answer 27

Allele

Question 28

the swapping of genetic DNA between homologous chromosomes

Answer 28

Crossing Over

Question 29

fuels produced from plant and animal products

Answer 29

biofuels

Question 30

fuels from fossils in the form of oil, natural gas, coal, etc

Answer 30

fossil fuels

Question 31

fuels that supply energy to most living things (ATP)

Answer 31

food fuels

Question 32

energy captured by the sun and then stored into the chemical bonds of sugar

Answer 32

photosyntheiss

Question 33

energy produced by living things using the chemical bonds stored in food

Answer 33

cellular respiration

Question 34

the capacity to do work, the movement of matter against an opposing force

Answer 34

energy

Question 35

energy in motion

Answer 35

kinetic energy

Question 36

stored energy

Answer 36

potential energy

Question 37

energy can never be created or destroyed only transfers from one form to another

Answer 37

1st law of thermodynamics

Question 38

energy transfers is not efficient and always results in the production of heat

Answer 38

2nd law of thermodynamics

Question 39

02+c6H1206=6c02+6h20+36 ATP

Answer 39

Cellular Respiration equation

Question 40

Glycolysis Transition krebs cycle electron transport chain

Answer 40

stages of cellular respiration

Question 41

2ATP and NADH

Answer 41

the end result of glycolysis

Question 42

NADH, C02 AND ACETYL COA

Answer 42

the end results of transition

Question 43

NADH, FADH2, CO2, 2ATP

Answer 43

the end result of Krebs cycle

Question 44

32 ATP

Answer 44

the end result of electron transport chain

Question 45

6C02 +6H20=C6H1206+6O2

Answer 45

Photosynthesis equation

Question 46

takes up space

Answer 46

matter

Question 47

NADP+H20 sunlight=02+NADPH

Answer 47

light reaction equation

Question 48

NADPH +C02=C6H1206

Answer 48

Calvin cycle equation

Question 49

light is captured by splitting water and producing oxygen

Answer 49

Light reaction

Question 50

sugar is made by assembling sugar molecules using carbon dioxide in the air

Answer 50

Calvin Cycle

Question 51

light-harvesting organelles where photosynthesis takes place

Answer 51

chlorplasts

Question 52

structures where the light reaction occurs

Answer 52

thylakoids

Question 53

liquid in which the calvin cycle occurs

Answer 53

stroma

Question 54

the range of energy in light

Answer 54

electromagnetic spectrum

Question 55

absorbs red and blue-violet, reflects green

Answer 55

chlorophyll a

Question 56

absorbs blue, red-orange, reflects yellow green

Answer 56

chlorophyll b

Question 57

absorb blue-violet and blue, green, reflects yellow,orange, and red

Answer 57

carotenoids

Question 58

a nucleic acid macromolecule that stores genetic information

Answer 58

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

Question 59

a segment of DNA sequence found on the chromosome that encodes for a protein

Answer 59

gene

Question 60

a copy of the gene's sequence is made, known as mRNA

Answer 60

transcription

Question 61

the information on mRNA is used to make the protien

Answer 61

Translation

Question 62

messenger RNA, the middleman between genetic information and protein production

Answer 62

mRNA

Question 63

large complex holding all things together

Answer 63

Ribbosomes

Question 64

holds the anticodon and the amino acid

Answer 64

tRNA

Question 65

holds the codon

Answer 65

mRNA

Question 66

a three-base sequence that matches up with a three-base sequence on the mRNA.

Answer 66

Anti-Codon

Question 67

a three-base sequence on mRNA that matches with a tRNA that carries one particular amino acid

Answer 67

Codon

Question 68

a string of amino acids, produced during translation

Answer 68

polypeptide chain

Question 69

a polypeptide chain that has been folded into it's natural shape

Answer 69

protien

Question 70

DNA replication occurs

Answer 70

spontaneous

Question 71

x rays, UV, Nucleur

Answer 71

radiation

Question 72

smoking, vaping, engine exhaust

Answer 72

chemical