Exam 2

Question 1

Adaptation in which the needs of livestock for naturally occurring pasture and water greatly influence the movements of groups.

Answer 1

pastoralism

Question 2

Rural people integrated into a larger society politically and economically.

Answer 2

peasants

Question 3

Seasonal mobility, often involving migration to high-altitude areas during the hottest and driest parts of the year.

Answer 3

nomadism

Question 4

The giving of goods without expectation of a return of equal value at any definite future time.

Answer 4

generalized reciprocity

Question 5

The exchange of goods considered to have roughly equal value; social purposes usually motivate the exchange.

Answer 5

balanced reciprocity

Question 6

Exchange motivated by the desire to obtain goods, in which the parties try to gain all the material goods they can.

Answer 6

negative reciprocity

Question 7

The collection of goods or money from a group, followed by a realloca-tion to the group by a central authority.

Answer 7

redistribution

Question 8

The rendering of goods (typically including food) to an authority such as a chief.

Answer 8

tribute

Question 9

“Blood” relatives, or people related by birth.

Answer 9

consanguines

Question 10

In-laws, or people related by marriage.

Answer 10

affines

Question 11

Condition in which people who are not biologically related behave as if they are relatives of a certain type.

Answer 11

fictive kinship

Question 12

Prohibition against sexual inter-course between certain kinds of relatives.

Answer 12

incest taboo

Question 13

Marriage rules requiring individuals to marry some member of their own social group or category.

Answer 13

endogamous rules

Question 14

Marriage rules prohibiting individuals from marrying a member of their own social group or category.

Answer 14

exogamous rules

Question 15

Each individual is allowed to have only one spouse at a time.

Answer 15

monogamy

Question 16

Multiple spouses.

Answer 16

polygamy

Question 17

One man is allowed to have multiple wives.

Answer 17

polygyny

Question 18

One woman is allowed to have multiple husbands.

Answer 18

polyandry

Question 19

Several women and several men are married to one another simultaneously.

Answer 19

group marriage

Question 20

Custom in which a prospective groom and his relatives are required to transfer goods to the relatives of the bride to validate the marriage.

Answer 20

bridewealth

Question 21

Custom in which a man spends a period of time working for the family of his wife.

Answer 21

brideservice

Question 22

Custom in which the family of a woman transfers property or wealth to her and/or her husband’s family upon her marriage.

Answer 22

dowry

Question 23

Residence form in which couples live with or near the husband’s parents.

Answer 23

patrilocal residence

Question 24

Residence form in which couples live with or near the wife’s parents.

Answer 24

matrilocal residence

Question 25

Residence form in which a couple establishes a separate household apart from both the husband’s and the wife’s parents.

Answer 25

neolocal residence

Question 26

Residence form in which couples live with or near the mother’s brother of the husband.

Answer 26

avunculocal residence

Question 27

Form of descent in which individuals trace their primary kinship relationships through their mothers.

Answer 27

matrilineal descent

Question 28

Form of descent in which individuals trace their most important kinship relationships through their fathers.

Answer 28

patrilineal descent

Question 29

A unilineal descent group larger than an extended family whose members can actually trace how they are related.

Answer 29

lineage

Question 30

A named unilineal descent group, some of whose members are unable to trace how they are related, but who still believe them-selves to be kinfolk.

Answer 30

clan

Question 31

Form of descent in which individuals do not regularly associate with either matrilineal or patrilineal rela-tives, but make choices about whom to live with, whose land to use, and so forth.

Answer 31

nonunilineal descent

Question 32

Kinship terminology system in which no nuclear family kin term is extended to more distant relatives; nuclear family members have unique terms.

Answer 32

Eskimo terminology

Question 33

Kin terminology system in which only sex and generation are relevant in defining labeled categories of relatives.

Answer 33

Hawaiian terminology

Question 34

Kinship terminology system in which Ego calls parallel cousins the same terms as siblings, calls father’s brother the same as father, calls mother’s sister the same as mother, and uses unique terms for the children of father’s sister and mother’s brother.

Answer 34

Iroquois terminology

Question 35

Kinship terminology system associated with patrilineal descent in which Ego’s mother’s relatives are distin-guished only by their sex.

Answer 35

Omaha terminology