exam 2 Flashcards by Amber Meyer

The Buddha's name comes from a Sanskrit word meaning
A) spirit warrior
B) middle path
C) the enlightened one
D) to wake up

to wake up

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The Buddha's first disciples were
A) his wife and child
B) his five former ascetic companions
C) the great King Ashoka
D) members of the warrior-noble caste

his five former ascetic companions

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According to the Buddha, his teachings must be
A) accepted on faith
B) experienced in order to be worthwhile
C) memorized and chanted
D) spread by missionaries

experienced in order to be worthwhile

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The Buddha was silent on questions about
A) suffering
B) violence
C) inner peace 
D) topics that were unanswerable

topics that were unanswerable

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Once a person reaches nirvana
A) suffering continues only for this life
B) samsara is attained
C) rebirth is finished
D) the Pure Land is entered

rebirth is finished

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Which did the Buddha NOT oppose?
A) strong devotion to a guru
B) the power of a priestly class
C) detachment
D) rituals for the gods

detachment

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A sign of connection between Theravada monks and the wandering Hindu ascetics is
A) the umbrella
B) the shaved head
C) the designation of being an arhat
D) the orange robe

the orange robe

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Zen is derived from a word referring to one of the steps in the Eightfold Path, whose meaning is
A) compassion
B) wisdom
C) to live kindly
D) meditation

meditation

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Mahayana Buddhism generally does not advocate
A) devotion to deities
B) the use of elaborate ritual
C) individuals trying to enter nirvana
D) speculation on unanswerable questions

devotion to the deities

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Mahayana Buddhism
A) spread south to Ceylon and east to Thailand
B) continued in India until modern times
C) spread north to China and Japan
D) replaced Daoism in China

spread north to China and Japan

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Each Dalai Lama in Tibetan Buddhism is considered to be
A) the Buddha reincarnated
B) King Ashoka reincarnated
C) an emanation of the bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara
D) an emanation of Amitabha

an emanation of the bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara

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\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is Enlightenment
A) Bodhi
B) Mudra
C) Koan
D) Vajra

Bodhi

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A state of deep awareness, the result of intensive meditation, is
A) samadhi
B) guanyin
C) mandala
D) dukkha

samadhi

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\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ refers to "Enlightenment being"; in Mahayana, a person of deep compassion, especially one who does not enter nirvana but is constantly reborn to help others; a heavenly being of compassion.
A) Mandala
B) Shunyata
C) Bodhisattva
D) Lama

Bodhisattva

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\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ refers to the three "bodies" of the Buddha—the cosmic Buddha nature, the celestial Buddhas, and the historical Buddhas.
A) Anatta
B) Tathata
C) Dhyana
D) Trikaya

Trikaya

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A \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is a shrine, usually in the shape of a dome, used to mark Buddhist relics or sacred sites
A) sutra
B) stupa
C) vajra
D) mudra

stupa

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\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ refers to "meditation"; focusing of the mind; sometimes, stages of trance
A) Dhyana
B) Trikaya
C) Anatta
D) Nirvana

Dhyana

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The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is the community of monks and nuns; lowercased, this term refers to an individual monastic community
A) Sangha
B) Koan
C) Dharma
D) Mudra

Sangha

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A Buddha (or bodhisattva) expected to appear on earth in the future is
A) Maitreya
B) Trikaya
C) Guanyin
D) Amitabha

Maitreya

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The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is the totality of Buddhist teaching
A) Satori
B) Sangha
C) Arhat
D) Dharma

Dharma

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\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is the Mahayana notion of emptiness, meaning that the universe is empty of permanent reality
A) Lama
B) Maitreya
C) Bodhisattva
D) Shunyata

Shunyata

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\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ refers to constant rebirth and the attendant suffering; the everyday world of change
A) Samsara
B) Bodhisattva
C) Mandala
D) Shunyata

Samsara

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A \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is a Tibetan Buddhist teacher, often a monk
A) lama
B) stupa
C) sutra
D) mudra

lama

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\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ refers to sorrow, or misery
A) Dukkha
B) Sutra
C) Lama
D) Mudra

Dukkha

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``` ________ refers to impermanence, or constant change A) Anatta B) Nirvana C) Dhyana D) Anichcha ```

Anichcha

``` The _______ in Chan and Zen Buddhism is a question that cannot be answered logically; the term also refers to a technique used to test consciousness and bring awakening A) satori B) dharma C) koan D) arhat ```

koan

``` _________ refers to compassion, or empathy A) Karuna B) Maitreya C) Shunyata D) Lama ```

Karuna

``` A _______ is a circular design containing deities, geometrical forms, symbols and so on that represents totality, the self, or the universe A) lama B) maitreya C) bodhisattva D) mandala ```

mandala

``` An essential practice in Zen is A) the use of mudras B) the tea ceremony C) the visualization of heavenly bodhisattvas D) manual labor ```

manual labor

An important practice in Shingon Buddhism is A) chanting the name of Amitabha Buddha B) the use of koans C) a fire ritual with historic links to the Vedic fire ceremony D) systematizing varied Buddhist teachings into a progressive hierarchy

a fire ritual with historic links to the Vedic fire ceremony

Tendai Buddhism is known for A) systematizing varied Buddhist teachings into a progressive hierarchy B) chanting the name of Amitabha Buddha C) a fire ritual with historic links to the Vedic fire ceremony D) elaborate mendalas

systematizing varied Buddhist teachings into a progressive hierarchy

``` One of the Three Jewels, ________ is the sum total of Buddhist teachings about how to view the world and how to live properly. A) dharma B) karma C) sangha D) bodhisattva ```

dharma

``` One of the Three Jewels, _________ is the community of monks and nuns A) dharma B) sangha C) bodhisattva D) karma ```

sangha

``` ________ is the Buddha of the Western Paradise who by his merit allows people to be reborn in the Pure Land. A) Ch' Li B) Dukkha C) Amitabha D) Krishna ```

Amitabha

``` In Mahayana, someone of deep compassion who vows to not enter nirvana for the purpose of helping others is called a ________ A) sangha B) koan C) sutra D) bodhisattva ```

bodhisattva

``` _________ is the Buddhist term meaning suffering, sorrow, or misery A) Amitabha B) Dukkha C) Ch' Li D) Koan ```

Dukkha

``` In Zen Buddhism, a ________ is a question that cannot be answered logically and is used to bring awakening A) sutra B) koan C) sangha D) bodhisattva ```

koan

``` Achieving _______, one gains inner peace and release from suffering and rebirth A) karuna B) samsara C) sutra D) nirvana ```

nirvana

``` A text, especially one said to be the words of the Buddha, is called a ________ A) samsara B) karuna C) sutra D) nirvana ```

sutra

``` The word for constant rebirth and its accompanying suffering is _________ A) karuna B) sutra C) nirvana D) samsara ```

samsara

``` The virtue or quality of compassion or empathy is _______ A) nirvana B) karuna C) sutra D) samsara ```

karuna

``` In Zen, ________ is the enlightened awareness A) satori B) samsara C) sutra D) karuna ```

satori

``` Meaning "no self," _________ is the doctrine that there is no soul or permanent essence in people and things A) samsara B) anatta C) sutra D) satori ```

anatta

``` Meaning "meditation," a focusing of the mind, _______ is also, sometimes, stages of trance A) dhyana B) sutra C) satori D) samadhi ```

dhyana

``` A state of deep awareness, ________ is the result of intensive meditation A) dhyana B) satori C) samadhi D) sutra ```

samadhi

``` Constant rebirth of the attendant suffering, _________ is the everyday world of change A) dhyana B) satori C) samadhi D) samsara ```

samsara

``` The term _________ means impermanence, or constant change A) samadhi B) arhat C) dhyana D) anichcha ```

anichcha

``` In Theravada, a(n) _________ has practiced monastic disciplines and reached nirvana, the ideal A) arhat B) samadhi C) anichcha D) dhyana ```

arhat

``` The three "baskets," or collections, of Buddhist texts is known as the ________ A) Vedas B) Qur'an C) Triptych D) Tripitaka ```

Tripitaka

``` A(n) ________ is a shrine, usually in the shape of a dome, used to mark Buddhist relics of sacred sites A) stupa B) arhat C) anichcha D) dhyana ```

stupa

``` The ________ is the three "bodies" of the Buddha, the cosmic Buddha nature, the celestial Buddhas, and the historical Buddhas A) Trikava B) Qur'an C) Triptych D) Tripitaka ```

Trikaya

``` The term ________ means enlightenment A) trikaya B) maitreya C) bodhi D) guanyin ```

bodhi

``` _________, a Buddha (or bodhisattva), is exected to appear on earth in the future A) Bodhi B) Maitreya C) Guanyin D) Trikaya ```

Maitreya

``` _________ is a popular bodhisattva of compassion in Mahayana A) Maitreya B) Trikaya C) Bodhi D) Guanyin ```

Guanyin

``` The Mahayana notion of emptiness, ________ means that the universe is empty of permanent reality A) lama B) mandala C) tathata D) shunyata ```

shunyata

``` Meaning "thatness" or "thusness" or "suchness," ________ is the uniqueness of each changing moment. A) shunyata B) tathata C) lama D) mandala ```

tathata

``` The ________ is a circular design containing deities, geometrical forms, symbols and so on that represents totality, the self, or the universe. A) lama B) shunyata C) tathata D) mandala ```

mandala

``` A _________ is a Tibetan Buddhist teacher, often a monk A) lama B) shunyata C) tathata D) mandala ```

lama

``` Symbolizing compassion, the _______ is the "diamond" scepter used in Tibetan and other types of Buddhist ritual A) mandala B) tathata C) vajra D) mudra ```

vajra

``` A _________ is a symbolic hand gesture A) vajra B) mudra C) mandala D) lama ```

mudra

``` A key practice of _______ Buddhism is a chant to the Lotus Sutra A) Lotus B) Zen C) Jataka D) Nichiren ```

Nichiren

``` Popular stories in Buddhism with a moral lesson involving animals or people are the _________ A) Tiptych Tales B) Bhad Tales C) Vedas Tales D) Jataka Tales ```

Jataka Tales

T/F Stupa refers to the community of monks and nuns; lowercased, the term refers to an individual monastic community

False

T/F Tathata means "thatness," "thusness," "suchness"; the uniqueness of each changing moment.

True

T/F Samadhi is a state of deep awareness, the result of intensive meditation

True

T/F Anatta means "No self"; it is the doctrine that there is no soul or permanent essence in people and things.

True

T/F In Zen, anichcha refers to the enlightened awareness

False

T/F Lama means "meditation"; focusing of the mind; sometimes, stages of trance.

False

T/F In Zen Buddhism, a koan is a question that cannot be answered logically; it is a technique used to test consciousness and bring awakening

True

T/F Vajra is a symbolic hand gesture

False

T/F Guanyin is the term that means the release from suffering and rebirth that brings inner peace.

False

T/F Dharma refers to the totality of Buddhist teaching.

True

T/F A lama is a Tibetan Buddhist teacher, often a monk

True

T/F Samsara refers to constant rebirth and the attendant suffering; it is the everyday world of change.

True

T/F Dhyana means impermanence or constant change

False

T/F Mudra means the three "baskets," or collections, of Buddhist texts

False

T/F Dukkha is a popular bodhisattva of compassion in Mahayana

False

T/F Koan means "Enlightenment being"; in Mahayana, a koan is a person of deep compassion, especially one who does not enter nirvana but is constantly reborn to help others; it is a heavenly being of compassion

False

T/F Dukkha means sorrow, misery, suffering

True

T/F Tripitaka is the Buddha of the Western Paradise, a bliss-body Buddha in Mahayana

False

T/F Bodhi means enlightenment

True

T/F Mudra is the "diamond" scepter used in Tibetan and other types of Buddhist ritual, symbolizing compassion

False

T/F Shunyata means compassion, or empathy

False

T/F Maitreya is a Buddha (or bodhisattva) expected to appear on earth in the future

True

T/F A stupa is a shrine, usually in the shape of a dome, used to mark Buddhist relics or sacred sites

True

T/F In Theravada, a sutra is a person who has practiced monastic disciplines and reached nirvana, the ideal.

False

T/F Trikaya refers to the three "bodies" of the Buddha—the cosmic Buddha nature, the celestial Buddhas, and the historical Buddhas

True

T/F A sutra is a sacred text, especially one said to record the words of the Buddha

True

T/F Shunyata is the Mahayana notion of emptiness, meaning that the universe is empty of permanent reality

True

T/F One of the most common Buddhist meditation techniques used in many schools is to focus on breathing

True

``` A spirit that enlivens matter is called ________ A) tirthankara B) ajiva C) jiva D) jina ```

jiva

``` Matter without soul or life is called ________ A) tirthankara B) jina C) jiva D) ajiva ```

ajiva

``` _______ is the belief that all physical matter has life and feeling A) Hyylozoism B) Ajiva C) Conservatism D) Sikhism ```

Hylozoism

``` A perfected person in Jainism who will not be reborn is a(n) _______ A) ajiva B) tirthankara C) jiva D) jina ```

jina

``` In Jainism, ________ refers to one of the twenty-four ideal human beings of the past. Its literal meaning is "crossing-maker" or "ford-finder." A) jina B) tirthankara C) jiva D) ajiva ```

tirthankara

``` The last and greatest of the twenty-four who reached perfection is ________ A) Adi Granth B) Nanak C) Mahavira D) Khalsa ```

Mahavira

``` The founder of Sikhism was ________ A) Mahavira B) Adi Granth C) Nanak D) Khalsa ```

Nanak

``` The primary scripture of the Sikhs is the ________ A) Mahavira B) Adi Granth C) Khalsa D) Nanak ```

Adi Granth

``` The Golden Temple of the Sikhs is located in the city of _______ A) Amritsar B) Baghdad C) Peshawar D) Goa ```

Amritsar

``` The special military order founded by Gobind Singh was called the ________ A) Nanak B) Khalsa C) Gurdwara D) Peshawar ```

Khalsa

``` A Sikh temple is also known as a(n) ________ A) tirthankara B) ajiva C) puja D) gurdwara ```

gurdwara

``` The _________, a poem by Guru Nanak that begins the Adi Granth, is recited daily by pious Sikhs A) Shvetambara B) Digambara C) Japji D) Sthanakavasi ```

Japji

``` Meaning "clothed in sky," a ________ is a member of the Jain sect in which monks do not wear clothing. A) Sthanakavasi B) Japji C) Shvetambara D) Digambara ```

Digambara

``` Meaning "clothed in white," a ________ is a member of the Jain sect in which monks and nuns wear white clothing. A) Digambara B) Shvetambara C) Sthanakavasi D) Japji ```

Shvetambara

``` Meaning "building person," a ________ is a member of the youngest Jain sect, which rejects the use of statues and temples. A) Shvetambara B) Sthanakavasi C) Digambara D) Japji ```

Sthanakavasi

``` In Jainism, the ______ is a ritual in honor of the tirthankara A) sallekhana B) guru C) Punjab D) puja ```

puja

``` The ________, the area that is now northwest India and eastern Pakistan, is where Sikhism originated. A) Digambara B) Sthanakavasi C) Shvetambara D) Punjab ```

Punjab

``` A spiritual teacher is also known as a(n) _______ A) lion B) ahimsa C) sallekhana D) guru ```

guru

``` Meaning "holy death," death by self-starvation, ________ is valued in Jainism as a noble end of a long life of virtue and detachment. A) sallekhana B) ahimsa C) gurdwara D) guru ```

sallekhana

``` The idea in Buddhism and Jainism that emphasizes non-harm and nonviolence is known as ________ A) ajiva B) ahimsa C) gurdwara D) sallekhana ```

ahimsa

``` Uncut hair by the Khalsa and the last name Singh represent the symbolic characteristics of the ________. A) gurdwara B) ahimsa C) lion D) sallekhana ```

lion

``` The most accurate descriptor of Jainism is A) polytheistic B) monotheistic C) atheistic D) nontheistic ```

atheistic

``` Jains, unlike the Theravada Buddhists, A) reject monastic disciplines B) glorify Mahavira's extreme austerities C) believe in karma and reincarnation D) advocate ahimsa ```

glorify Mahavira's extreme austerities

Jains, like the Theravada Buddhists, A) believe that all attachments bring a certain bondage. B) have the same ethical requirements for monks and laity. C) value a holy death. D) became a thriving merchant class.

believe that all attachments bring a certain bondage

``` In his lifetime, Mahavira taught and A) organized an order of naked monks B) preached one God against Hindu's polytheism C) admitted nuns to the monastic order D) became a Vedic priest ```

organized an order of naked monks

``` After a long life of virtue and detachment, Jains endorse A) intensive meditation B) compassionate action for the poor C) self-starvation leading to death D) the one that become a guru ```

self-starvation leading to death

``` Regular practices of the Jains include A) almsgiving and animal sacrifice B) fasting and pilgrimage C) deity worship and meditation D) wearing orange and white robes ```

fasting and pilgrimage

``` Both Jainism and Sikhism A) practice begetarianism B) advocate ahimsa C) are monotheistic D) view the human being as a composite of spirit and matter ```

view the human being as a composite of spirit and matter

Sikhism originated in the A) northeastern part of India close to where Buddhism began B) Punjab, today part of northwestern India and eastern Pakistan C) southern part of India D) lake region of India

Punjab, today part of northwestern India and eastern Pakistan

``` The most accurate meaning of the Sikh term gurdwara is A) guru B) temple C) military guard D) holy war ```

temple

``` The meaning of the word sikh is to A) preach and seek disciples B) fast and engage in confession C) perform devotional acts D) meditate ```

preach and seek disciples

``` Nanak's religious experience is similar to what feature in other religions? A) enlightenment B) mystical union C) prophetic call D) ceremonial purification ```

prophetic call

The Sikh Khalsa adopted the five practices to A) promote strength and self-identity B) combine elements of Hinduism and Islam C) remember the lineage of gurus and saints D) attain mystical consciousness

promote strength and self-identity

``` Members of the Khalsa are to avoid A) sexual relations B) violence C) growing beards D) intoxicants ```

intoxicants

``` The idea in Buddhism and Jainism that emphasizes nonharm and non-violence is A) jiva B) guru C) ahimsa D) jina ```

ahimsa

``` ________ means "crossing maker"; in Jainism, it is one of the twenty-four ideal human beings of the past, Mahavira being the most recent. A) Gurdwara B) Shakti C) Sannyasin D) Tirthankara ```

Tirthankara

``` _______ means "conqueror"; it is the Jain term for a perfected person who will not be reborn. A) Jina B) Puja C) Ajiva D) Ahimsa ```

Jina

``` In Jainism, _______ is ritual performed in honor of a tirthankara. A) jiva B) ahimsa C) ajiva D) puja ```

puja

``` The belief that all physical matter has life and feeling is A) macrocosm. B) esotericism. C) hylozoism. D) microcosm ```

hylozoism

``` A(n) ________ is a spiritual teacher A) guru B) jiva C) jina D) ajiva ```

guru

``` _______ refers to the community of initiated Sikhs; also to any true Sikh. A) Digambara B) Japji C) Punjab D) Khalsa ```

Khalsa

``` What item worn by the Sikh Khalsa symbolizes strength? A) steel bracelet B) hair comb C) sword D) special underwear ```

steel bracelet

``` How many parts is the Adi Granth divided into? A) 2 B) 3 C) 4 D) 5 ```

T/F Japji means "Conqueror"; it is the Jain term for a perfected person who will not be reborn.

False

T/F Sallekhana means "building person"; it is a member of the youngest Jain sect, which rejects the use of statues and temples.

False

T/F Digambara means "clothed in sky"; it describes a member of the Jain sect in which monks do not wear clothing.

True

T/F The Punjab is the area, now part of northwest India and eastern Pakistan, where Sikhism originated.

True

T/F Jiva means matter without soul of life

False

T/F Gurdwara is the most recent tirthankara, who is considered to be the greatest of them all and is often thought of by outsiders as the founder of Jainism

True

T/F Ahimsa is the ideal in Buddhism and Jainism that emphasizes nonharm and nonviolence.

True

T/F Mahavira is the founder of Sikhism

False

T/F Khalsa is the community of initiated Sikhs

True

T/F A Digambara is a Sikh temple

False

T/F Puja means "disciple," a follower of the Sikh religion

False

T/F The Adi Granth is the "original collection," the primary scripture of the Sikhs

True

T/F Adi Granth means "Holy Death," death by self-starvation, valued in Jainism as a noble end of a long life of virtue and detachment.

False

T/F Tirthankara means "crossing maker"; in Jainism, it is the of the twenty-four ideal human beings of the past, Mahavira being the most recent

True

T/F Ahimsa is a poem by Guru Nanak that begins the Adi Granth; it is recited daily by pious Sikhs.

False

T/F Punjab, in Jainism, means ritual in honor of tirthankara

False

T/F Shvetambara means "clothed in white"; it describes a member of the Jain sect in which monks and nuns wear white clothing.

True

T/F Jiva means spirit, or soul, which enlivens matter

True

T/F Hylozoism is the belief that all physical matter has life and feeling

True

T/F The sword worn by the Sikh Khalsa represents alertness and readiness to fight

False

T/F According to Sikh teaching, the primary guru is the Adi Granth

False

``` In the most famous image of Laozi (Lao Tzu), he rides A) a horse. B) a pedicab. C) an ox. D) a donkey. ```

an ox

According to the traditional story, Laozi wrote down his teachings only because A) a border guard would not let him pass until he did so. B) his students and disciples begged him. C) a request came from Confucius. D) he needed money

a border guard would not let him pass until he did so

``` According to the Daoists, if one leaves behind desires for individual things, one will A) die. B) be reborn to a better life. C) see things differently. D) become nameless. ```

see things differently

``` Which of the following is not a Daoist value? A) simplicity B) spontaneity C) sensing movements of nature D) formal education ```

formal education

``` In Zhuangzi's (Chuang Tzu's) famous dream, he was not certain that he was not A) Confucius. B) an ox. C) a butterfly. D) a Daoist. ```

a butterfly

``` Daoists view death as A) a great evil. B) a predictable transformation of nature. C) an offering to the ancestors. D) necessary for one's next rebirth. ```

a predictable transformation of nature

By his teachings, Confucius hoped to A) counter the influx of Buddhism into China. B) produce virtuous people and create a harmonious society. C) make a break with the past and focus China on the future. D) draw people closer to Tian (Heaven).

produce virtuous people and create a harmonious society

``` Confucius thought the most important relationship was A) ruler-subject. B) husband-wife. C) father-son. D) friend-friend. ```

father-son

``` Which was not an additional virtue endorsed by Confucius? A) loyalty B) emotional control C) thrift D) pride ```

pride

``` To a great extent in Confucianism, people are A) selfish and need strict guidelines. B) naturally good and best left alone. C) individuals first. D) their relationships. ```

their relationships

For Confucius, a person who follows the way of heaven A) avoids extremes and remains in harmony with others. B) lives close to nature. C) may be a great warrior. D) is always meek and humble.

avoids extremes and remains in harmony with others

``` The most liberal thinkers in ancient China were A) the Legalists. B) the Daoists. C) the Confucians. D) followers of Xunzi. ```

the Daoists

The main thrust of the Cultural Revolution was to A) renew and reform Confucianism. B) stamp out the last vestiges of capitalism in China. C) break with the past and all that was antiquated. D) install the Communists as the new leaders of China.

break with the past and all that was antiquated

``` ________ means "no action," or "no strain"; doing only what comes spontaneously and naturally; effortlessly. A) Laozi B) Shu C) Wu wei D) Yin ```

Wu wei

``` The active aspect of reality that expresses itself in speech, light, and heat, is the A) yin. B) wu wei. C) yang. D) shu. ```

yang

``` The ________ school was the strictest of Chinese philosophical schools, which advocated strong laws and punishments. A) Mohist B) Reformist C) Legalist D) Classicist ```

Legalist

``` The ________ school was a Chinese school of philosophy that taught universal love. A) Realist B) Daoist C) Mohist D) Classicist ```

Mohist

``` ________ refers to empathy, consideration for others, or humaneness; it is a Confucian virtue. A) Ren B) Shu C) Wen D) Qi ```

Ren

``` The ________ is an ancient Confucian book of divination, one of the Five Classics, still in use today. A) Yijing B) Zhuangzi C) Laozi D) Xunzi ```

Yijing

``` The legendary founder of Daoism was ________ A) Yijing. B) Zhuangzi. C) Xunzi. D) Laozi. ```

Laozi

``` ________ refers to cultural refinement; it is a Confucian virtue A) Xiao B) Junzi C) Wen D) Ren ```

Wen

``` _______ is the life force. A) Shu B) Qi C) Wen D) Xiao ```

``` ________ is appropriate action, ritual, propriety, or etiquette. A) Wen B) Ren C) Xiao D) Li ```

``` ________ refers to reciprocity; it is a Confucian virtue. A) Shu B) Wen C) Xiao D) Ren ```

Shu

``` ________ is perhaps best translated as "noble person"; it is the refined human ideal of Confucianism. A) Ren B) Qi C) Junzi D) Shu ```

Junzi

``` The mysterious origin of the universe that is present and visible in everything is A) li. B) Dao. C) yin. D) yang. ```

Dao

Concerning the origins of Daoism, scholars today point to A) the historical founder, Laozi. B) the Yijing, the Book of Changes. C) the legendary Jade Emperor. D) a multiplicity of possible sources that coalesced into a movement

A multiplicity of possible sources that conalesced into a movement

``` The Daoist term for no strain or effort is ________. A) qi B) wu wei C) xiao D) shu ```

wu wei

``` In Daoist thought, the term for the unnamable origin of the universe and the way nature expresses itself is ________. A) Yang B) Dao C) Yin D) Daodejing ```

Dao

``` ________ is the receptive aspect of the universe, expressing itself in silence, darkness, and rest. A) Dao B) Yang C) Yin D) Daodejing ```

Yin

``` ________ is the active aspect of reality, expressing itself in speech, light, and heat. A) Yang B) Yin C) Dao D) Daodejing ```

Yang

``` The ________ is the classic scripture of Daoism, known for its brevity and poetic paradox. A) Daodejing B) Dao C) Yin D) Yang ```

Daodejing

``` The book of the sayings of Confucius is called the ________. A) Wen B) Analects C) Li D) Ren ```

Analects

``` ________ is the Confucian virtue embracing the arts and cultural refinement. A) Wen B) Li C) Ren D) Analects ```

Wen

``` ________ is the Confucian virtue meaning appropriate action, protocol, ritual, or etiquette. A) Analects B) Ren C) Li D) Wen ```

``` ________ is the Confucian virtue meaning consideration for others, written in the Chinese ideogram of "person" and "two." A) Li B) Ren C) Wen D) Analects ```

Ren

``` The Confucian ideal or noble person embodying all the virtues was called ________. A) qi B) junzi C) xiao D) shu ```

junzi

``` ________ is the author of a book of whimsical stories that express themes of early Daoist thought. A) Wen B) Yijing C) Laozi D) Zhuangzi ```

Zhuangzi

``` ________ is the legendary founder of Daoism. A) Laozi B) Zhuangzi C) Yijing D) Wen ```

Laozi

``` An ancient Confucian book of divination, ________ is one of the Five Classics and is still in use today. A) Wen B) Yijing C) Zhuangzi D) Laozi ```

Yijing

``` Referring to reciprocity, ________ is a Confucian virtue. A) wu wei B) qi C) xiao D) shu ```

shu

``` Referring to family devotion, or filial piety, ________ is a Confucian virtue. A) wu wei B) shu C) xiao D) qi ```

xiao

``` The ________ is a Chinese school of philosophy that taught universal love. A) Mohists B) Five Classics C) Four Books D) the Three Purities ```

Mohists

``` The life force is ________. A) wu wei B) shu C) xiao D) qi ```

``` The ________—classical literature of the time preceding Confucius—include(s) poetry, history, and divination. A) Three Purities B) Four Books C) Mohists D) Five Classics ```

Five Classics

``` The major Confucian books, the ________, include(s) sayings of Confucius and Mencius. A) Five Classics B) Mohists C) Four Books D) Three Purities ```

Four Books

``` The strictest of Chinese philosophical schools, ________ advocate strong laws and punishments. A) Tongs B) Administrators C) Structuralists D) Legalists ```

Legalists

``` Daoism developed a pantheon of hundreds of deities, the most important being ________. A) Mohists B) the Three Purities C) Yijing D) Wen ```

The Three Purities

T/F Mo Tzu is the legendary founder of Daoism

False

T/F Ren means empathy, consideration for others, humaneness; it is a Confucian virtue.

True

T/F Shu means reciprocity; it is a Confucian virtue

True

T/F The Daodejing is the classical scripture of Daoism

True

T/F Yijing means cultural refinement; it is a Confucian virtue

False

T/F The Five Classics describes the classical literature of the time preceding Confucius, including poetry, history, and divination.

True

T/F Li is a book of sayings of Confucius

False

T/F Yang is the active aspect of reality that expresses itself in speech, light, and heat

True

T/F The Dao is the mysterious origin of the universe that is present and visible in everything

True

T/F Junzi is the author of a book of whimsical stories that express themes of early Daoist thought

False

T/F Xiao means family devotion, or filliam piety; it is a Confucian value

True

T/F Qi means life force

True

T/F The Legalists were members of a Chinese school of philosophy that taught universal love

False

T/F Nihongi means noble person, the refined human ideal of Confucianism.

False

T/F Laozi means no action, or no strain; doing only what comes spontaneously and naturally; perhaps, effortlessness.

False

T/F The Mohists were members of the strictest of Chinese philosophical schools, which advocated strong laws and punishments.

False

T/F Analects means appropriate action, ritual, propriety, or etiquette.

False

T/F Kojiki is an ancient Confucian book of divination, one of the Five Classics, still in use today.

False

T/F Yin is the receptive aspect of the universe that expresses itself in silence, darkness, coolness, and rest.

True

T/F Daoism likely established monasteries and temples through the influence of Buddhism

True

T/F In Daoism, the Three Purities consist of the Jade Emperor, Laozi, Zhuangzi

False

According to Shinto mythology, the islands of Japan were created by A) a marriage between the sun and moon gods. B) tears from the primordial male parent god. C) brine dripped from a spear that had been stirred in the ocean. D) tears from the primordial female parent god.

brine dripped from a spear that had been stirred in the ocean

``` Which of the following was NOT introduced to Japan from China? A) writing B) city planning C) concern with purity D) meditation techniques ```

concern with purity

``` The Japanese have relied on Shinto to A) help give them a sense of national identity. B) keep foreign influences out of Japan. C) moderate excessive patriotism. D) provide comforting funeral rites. ```

help give them a sense of national identity

Shinto was used to promote war A) because its essence idealizes harmony and peace. B) because it embodies the warrior code of bushido. C) by using State Shinto to generate patriotism before and during wartime. D) because Buddhists refused to support the war effort.

by using State Shinto to generate patriotism before and during wartime

``` Shinto is concerned with all of the following EXCEPT A) fertility. B) internal guilt. C) family values. D) animal spirits. ```

internal guilt

The kami of nature A) are one's ancestors. B) like to dwell in places of power and beauty. C) are the former emperors of Japan. D) are said to move around the islands of Japan.

are said to move around the islands of Japan

``` People visit Shinto shrines to A) engage in formal meditation. B) stand under waterfalls. C) receive blessings at important times in their lives. D) see the shrine treasures. ```

receive blessings at important times in their lives

``` Shinto priests routinely perform all of the following ceremonies EXCEPT A) weddings. B) the blessing of homes. C) funerals. D) exorcisms. ```

funerals

Before the New Year's celebration, A) formal visits are made to relatives and friends. B) the home must be thoroughly cleaned. C) a blessing must be received from the priest. D) one must visit a shrine.

the home must be thoroughly cleaned

``` Visitors to Shinto shrines often A) stand under waterfalls. B) wear long white robes. C) clap their hands. D) leave mirrors as offerings. ```

clap their hands

``` Sometimes visitors to shrines tie to a tree pieces of paper on which they have written A) their requests. B) the names of their children. C) important dates. D) confessions of wrongdoing. ```

their requests

Shinto has probably generated many offshoots because of its A) conflicts with Buddhism. B) emphasis on nature. C) silence on many ethical issues. D) lack of a strong organizational structure.

lack of a strong organizational structure

``` The emperor of Japan traditionally has A) led pilgrimages to the shrine at Ise. B) been associated with Mt. Fuji. C) been the high priest of Shinto. D) balanced Shinto and Buddhism. ```

been the high priest of Shinto

``` ________ means "warrior knight way," the military devotion to a ruler, demanding loyalty, duty and self-sacrifices; it was an ideal promoted by State Shinto. A) Bushido B) Kamidana C) Noh D) Samurai ```

Bushido

``` Dramas performed in mask and costume, associated with Shinto, are called A) Noh. B) Izanagi. C) Ise. D) Izanami. ```

Noh

``` One of the New Religions is ________, devoted to human betterment. A) Izanami B) Ise C) Kojiki D) Tenrikyo ```

Tenrikyo

``` One of the New Religions is ________, which stresses art and beauty. A) Izanagi B) Omoto C) Amaterasu D) Izanami ```

Omoto

``` ________ means "shining in heaven"; she is the goddess of the sun. A) Amaterasu B) Ise C) Tenrikyo D) Izanami ```

Amaterasu

``` The ________ was a feudal soldier. A) bushido B) torii C) kamikaze D) samurai ```

samurai

``` The earliest chronicles of Japanese history were the A) Ise. B) Kojiki. C) Tenrikyo. D) Izanami. ```

Kojiki

``` A ________ is a twisted rope, marking a sacred spot. A) Noh B) gagaku C) shimenawa D) bushido ```

shimenawa

``` The ________ is the second chronicle of Japanese history. A) Omoto B) Tenrikyo C) Nihongi D) Ise ```

Nihongi

``` A ________ is a spirit, god, or goddess of Shinto. A) torii B) misogi C) jinja D) kami ```

kami

``` The stately ceremonial music of Shinto is called A) jinja. B) kojiko. C) gagaku. D) kami. ```

gagaku

``` _______ means "male who invites"; it is the name of the primordial male parent god. A) Tenrikyo B) Izanagi C) Izanami D) Kojiko ```

Izanagi

``` A feudal warrior or soldier in a Shinto land was called a ________. A) kami B) torii C) knight D) samurai ```

samurai

``` The gate-like structure that marks a Shinto sacred space is a ________. A) kami B) torii C) kamidana D) samurai ```

torii

``` A spirit, god, or goddess of Shinto is known as a ________. A) torii B) kami C) samurai D) jinja ```

kami

``` The term for a Shinto shrine is ________. A) jinja B) torii C) kami D) misogi ```

jinia

``` In Shinto mythology, the primordial female parent god is ________. A) Izanami B) Izanagi C) Amaterasu D) Omoto ```

Izanami

``` In Shinto mythology, the primordial male parent god is ________. A) Izanami B) Izanagi C) Amaterasu D) Omoto ```

Izanagi

``` The goddess of the sun in Shinto mythology is ________. A) Izanami B) Izanagi C) Omoto D) Amaterasu ```

Amaterasu

``` The code of the warrior involving loyalty, duty, and self-sacrifice is ________. A) shimenawa B) kamikaze C) bushido D) gagaku ```

bushido

``` The suicide fighter pilots of World War II were called ________. A) gagaku B) bushido C) kamikaze D) shimenawa ```

kamikaze

``` Dramas associated with Shinto that are performed in mask and costume are called ________. A) Noh B) Omoto C) Kojiki D) Nihongi ```

Noh

``` The twisted rope ________ marks a sacred spot. A) gagaku B) bushido C) kamikaze D) shimenawa ```

shimenawa

``` A New Religion, ________ stresses art and beauty. A) Tenrikyo B) Omoto C) Kojiki D) Nihongi ```

Omoto

``` The stately ceremonial music of Shinto is ________. A) shimenawa B) bushido C) ise D) sagaku ```

sagaku

``` A ritual of purification, ________ involves standing under a waterfall. A) misogi B) bushido C) ise D) sagaku ```

misogi

``` ________ is the earliest chronicle of Japanese history. A) Kojiki B) Tenrikyo C) Noh D) Nihongi ```

Kojiki

``` A New Religion, ________ is devoted to human betterment. A) Honshu B) Nihongi C) Tenrikyo D) Noh ```

Tenrikyo

``` ________ is a location in eastern Honshu of a major shrine to Amaterasu. A) Kojiki B) Ise C) Tenrikyo D) Nihongi ```

Ise

``` ________ is the second chronicle of Japanese history. A) Nihongi B) Tenrikyo C) Ise D) Kojiki ```

Nihongi

``` A shelf or home altar for the veneration of kami is known as a(n) ________. A) misogi B) bushido C) ise D) kamidana ```

kamidana

T/F Noh is the name of dramas performed in mask and costume, associated with Shinto.

True

T/F Ise is a New Religion that stresses art and beauty

False

T/F Gagaku means "female who invites"; it is the name of the primordial female parent god in Shinto.

False

T/F Shimenawa means "warrior knight way," military devotion to a ruler, demanding loyalty, duty, and self-sacrifice; it is an ideal promoted by State Shinto.

False

T/F Misogi is the second chronicle of Japanese history

False

T/F A kami is a spirit, god, or goddess of Shinto

True

T/F Tenrikyo is a New Religion devoted to human betterment

True

T/F A kamidana is a shelf or home altar for the veneration of a kami

True

T/F A torii is a gatelike structure that marks a Shinto sacred place

True

T/F Omoto is the stately ceremonial music of Shinto

False

T/F Kamikaze is a twisted rope, marking a sacred spot

False

T/F Tenrikyo means "spirit wind"; it is the name given to suicide fighter pilots of World War II

False

T/F Nihongi is a ritual of purification that involves standing under a waterfall

False

T/F Amaterasu means "shining in heaven"; it is the name of the goddess of the sun

True

T/F Samurai is a feudal soldier in Japan

True

T/F Ise is a location in eastern Honshu of a major shrine to Amaterasu

True

T/F Kojiki is the earliest chronicle of Japanese history

True

T/F Misogi means "male who invites"; it is the primordial male parent god in Shinto

False

T/F A jinja is a Shinto shrine

True

T/F During the Meiji Restoration, Shinto became tied to growing nationalism through an emphasis on the divine origins of the emperor.

True

T/F Part of the accommodation between Shinto and Buddhism included separate shrines in different regions of the country.

False

exam 2 Flashcards

(288 cards)