Exam 2

Question 1

Which thoracic vertebrae are typical?

Answer 1

T2-T8

Question 2

What are the upper typical thoracic vertebrae?

Answer 2

T2-T4

Question 3

What are the lower typical vertebrae?

Answer 3

T5-T8

Question 4

What causes the typical kyphosis curve?

Answer 4

Vertebral body height difference.

Posterior height 1-2mm greater than anterior height

Question 5

Describe the width between left and right superior and inferior articular processes?

Answer 5

T2-T4:
Greater width between l/rsuperior articular process compared to l/r inferior articular process.

T5-T8:
L/R superior and inferior articular process are = in distance

Question 6

What is the Pars interarticularis?

Answer 6

Region between superior and inferior articular processes at the laminae

Question 7

What is the relation of the transverse process, transverse tubercle, and transverse costal facet?

Answer 7

Transverse processes end in the transverse tubercles, which support the
transverse costal facets

Question 8

What is the aortic impression?

Answer 8

Flattened vertebral bodies on left side compared to right from superior view due to compression of superior and inferior epiphyseal rims before ossification.

Question 9

What vertebral bodies are affected by the aortic impression?

Answer 9

T5-T8

Question 10

Superior costal demifacet articulated with what part of the rib?

Answer 10

Inferior articular surface of the head of the rib

Question 11

___________ articulates with the superior articular surface of the head of the rib.

Answer 11

Inferior costal demifacet

Question 12

The inter articular crest of the head of the rib articulated with what?

Answer 12

Intervertebral disc

Question 13

What are the costovertebral joint types?

Answer 13

Costotransverse joint-vertebral arch
Costcocentral joint-vertebral body

Question 14

What is a costal demifacet?

Answer 14

The articulation of 1 rib with both vertebral bodies is a vertebral couple

Question 15

What is the classification of a Costco central joint?

Answer 15

Synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodial) joint

Question 16

A typical thoracic vertebrae participates in ____ costocentral joints?

Answer 16

4

Question 17

How many supporting ligaments does each costocentral joint contain?

Answer 17

3

Question 18

What are the 4 costocentral joint surfaces?

Answer 18

L/R superior costal demifacet
L/R inferior costal demifacet

Question 19

What are the 3 supporting ligaments of a costocentral joint?

Answer 19

Capsular ligament
Stellate/radiate ligament
Interarticular ligament

Question 20

The capsular ligament is what type of joint?

Answer 20

Synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodial)

Question 21

Which ligament had a small contribution to anterior boundary of IVF?

Answer 21

Capsular ligament

Question 22

What are the 4 structures that make up synovial joints?

Answer 22

Articular/fibrous capsule
Synovial membrane
Articular cartilage
Synovial fluid

Question 23

The radiate/stellate ligament has how many regions?

Answer 23

3
Upper band
Middle band
Lower band

Question 24

What is the job of the radiate/stellate ligament?

Answer 24

Connects head of rib to vertebral bodies and IVD in a vertebral couple

Question 25

What is the job of the capsular ligament?

Answer 25

Stabilize joint

Question 26

What is the job of the intra-articular ligament?

Answer 26

Connects the interarticular crest on head of rib with associated IVD

Question 27

What are the synovial plane joint surfaces of a typical thoracic vertebrae?

Answer 27

2 superior costal demifacet 2 inferior costal demifacet 2 transverse costal facet 2 superior articular facet 2 inferior articular facet

Question 28

How many synovaial plane joint surfaces are on a typical thoracic vertebrae?

Answer 28

10

Question 29

What are the fibrous syndesmosis joint surfaces on a typical thoracic vertebrae?

Answer 29

4 w/ costocentral radiate ligaments 2 w/ anterior longitudinal ligament 2 w/ posterior longitudinal ligament

Question 30

How many fibrous syndesmosis joint surfaces are on a typical thoracic vertebrae?

Answer 30

8

Question 31

How many cartilaginous symphysis joints are on a typical thoracic vertebrae?

Answer 31

2 w/ intervertebral disc

Question 32

What muscles attach to a typical thoracic spinous process?

Answer 32

Trapezius, Latissimus Dorsi, rhomboid major, serratus post sup, Splenius cervicis, Splenius capitis, spinalis thoracis, spinalis capitis, semispinalis thoracis, multifidus, rotator longus and brevis, and interspinalis

Question 33

What ligaments attach to the typical thoracic spinous processes?

Answer 33

Interspinous and supraspinous

Question 34

What muscles attach to a typical thoracic transverse process?

Answer 34

Longissimus thoracis, Longissimus cervicis, Longissimus capitis, senispinalis thoracis, semispinalis cervicis, semispinalis capitis, multifidis, rotator longus and brevis, and intertransversarii

Question 35

What ligaments attach to the typical thoracic transverse process?

Answer 35

Intertransverse, capsular costotransverse, superior costotransverse, inferior costotransverse, lateral costotransverse

Question 36

What are the Atypical thoracic vertebrae?

Answer 36

T1, T9-T12

Question 37

Describe the superior surface of T1?

Answer 37

Cervical like Cup shaped Uncinate process may be recognized into T3

Question 38

Describe the inferior surface of T1

Answer 38

Thoracic like Flattened; lacks lateral groove

Question 39

Describe the lateral surface of T1.

Answer 39

Complete superior costal facet and inferior costal facet

Question 40

T1 participates in ____costocentral joints classified as synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodial)

Answer 40

4

Question 41

T1’s transverse process has a ________ projection.

Answer 41

Posterolateral

Question 42

T1 transverse process terminated in a ________

Answer 42

Transverse tubercle

Question 43

T1 transverse costal facet participates in ___ costotransverse joints classified as synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodial).

Answer 43

2

Question 44

What are the supporting ligaments for T1/rib 1 costotransverse joint?

Answer 44

Inferior costotransverse ligament Lateral costotransverse ligament

Question 45

What ligaments attach to T1 Transverse Process?

Answer 45

Intertransverse Capsular costotransverse Superior costotransverse Inferior costotransverse Lateral costotransverse

Question 46

Describe the atypical superior costal demifacets

Answer 46

•T1: superior costal facet; articulates with full head of rib 1 •T9: enlarged superior demifacet • T10: enlarged demifacet • T11: costal facet; below superior epiphyseal rim (closer to pedicle) •T12: costal facet; on T12 pedicle

Question 47

Describe the atypical thoracic inferior costal demifacet

Answer 47

● T1: lateral surface near bottom of vertebral body ● T9: (may be) absent ● T10: absent ● T11: absent ● T12: absent

Question 48

What ligaments attach to all of the atypical spinous processes?

Answer 48

Interspinous and supraspinous

Question 49

What muscles that are typical spinous process attachments do not attach at T9?

Answer 49

Spinalis thoracis, cervicis, and capitis Semispinalis thoracis

Question 50

What muscles that are typical spinous process attachments do not attach at T10?

Answer 50

Spinalis thoracis, cervicis, and capitis Semispinalis thoracis

Question 51

What muscles that are typical spinous process attachments do not attach at T11?

Answer 51

Semispinalis thoracis

Question 52

What muscles that are typical spinous process attachments do not attach at T12?

Answer 52

Semispinalis thoracis

Question 53

Study the atypicalxal thoracic attachments to transverse processes

Answer 53

Bc they’re not on here

Question 54

What muscle is attached at T1 vertebral body?

Answer 54

Longus coli

Question 55

Why is the longus coli muscle important?

Answer 55

Cervical flexor muscle Counteracts lordosis related to weight of head and contraction of cervical muscles on posterior neck Cervicogenic headaches may be caused by impaired strength of this muscle

Question 56

What vertebra is prone to stress injuries?

Answer 56

T12

Question 57

What is special about the T12 superior costal facet?

Answer 57

It lies entirely on the pedicle

Question 58

T/F/ the transverse process of T12 has superior, inferior, and lateral tubercle?

Answer 58

True

Question 59

What replaces the true transverse process on T12?

Answer 59

Tubercles

Question 60

The superior tubercle on T12 is homologous to what structure of lumbar vertebrae?

Answer 60

Mammillary process

Question 61

The inferior tubercle is homologous to what structure of the lumbar vertebrae?

Answer 61

Accessory process

Question 62

The lateral tubercle of T12 represents what structure of the thoracic vertebra?

Answer 62

Transverse process