Exam 2

Question 1

ACA Stroke Symptoms

Answer 1

transcortical motor aphaisa- hesistant speech
Cingulate cotex damage- emotional regulation problems
Frontal cortex- executive functions, impulsvitiy, disinhibition

Question 2

MCA Stroke Symptoms

Answer 2

aphasias (broca and wernicke) 
Arcuate is intact- can repeat language
agnosias- object on left, faces on right
visuospatial deficits and contralateral sensorimotor signs, unilateral visual neglect
hand is more impairment than foot

Question 3

PCA Stroke Symptoms

Answer 3

memory and fear responses are distrubed
visual and verbal memory, consciousness, movement and sensorimotor deficits due to brainstem-
cranial nerves 1-4

Question 4

left hemisphere stroke

Answer 4

depression and catastrophic reactions (language)

Question 5

right hemisphere strokes

Answer 5

indifference to deficits and increases over time

Question 6

apperceptive agnosia

Answer 6

impaired visual perception- cannot recognize objects- usually diffuse damage in ventral stream

Question 7

associative agnosia

Answer 7

impairment in persons ability to associate a percept with meaning- can still copy objects- damage is L, R, B occipitotempral region

Question 8

prosopagnosia

Answer 8

cant recognize faces- bilateral damage- inferior tempo occiptial- just beneath calcarine fissure- asymetrically represented in R hemisphere

Question 9

visual form agnosia

Answer 9

recognize line drawings of objects- ventral stream damage- LO region

Question 10

optic ataxia

Answer 10

deficit in visually guided hand movements- occipitoparietal regions-

Question 11

multagnosia

Answer 11

unable to perceive more than one object at a time- damage in ventral stream- diffuse

Question 12

Alexia

Answer 12

inability to read- left hemisphere- word memory- left fusiform and left lingual area damage

Question 13

topographical disorientation

Answer 13

inability to find ones way around- posterior cortex, posterior cingulate, parahippocampal, and lingual gyri

Question 14

Simultanagnosia

Answer 14

Simultanagnosia – impairment in multi part or multielement visual displays
Dorsal simultanagnosia – post parietal
Ventral simultanagnosia – inferior temporooccipital

Question 15

Body part phantoms

Answer 15

pain and feeling amputated body parts
evidence for mental schema
90% of amputees
inferior parietal lobe activation when “moving” phantom limbs(supramarginal and angular gyrus)

Question 16

astereognosis

Answer 16

inability to perceive object by touch- postcentral gyrus, PE, PF

Question 17

afferent paresis

Answer 17

movements of the fingers are clumsy b/c of damage to postcentral gyrus, PE, PF

Question 18

simultaneuous extinction difficulties

Answer 18

inability to perceive two identical objects or two similar objects. But can ID two different objects, PE and PF in R. parietal lobe

Question 19

asomatognosia

Answer 19

loss of knowledge of one’s own body and bodily condition- lots of subtypes. PE and PF

Question 20

anosognosia

Answer 20

unawareness or denial of illness

Question 21

anosodiaphoria

Answer 21

indifference to illness- more common in R hemisphere

Question 22

autopagnosia

Answer 22

inability to localize body parts, most common is finger agnosia. Lateralized to posterior parietal lobule of L hemisphere

Question 23

gerstmann syndrome

Answer 23

finger agnosia, R/L confusion, acaculia, agraphia

L. hemisphere- PF and PG

Question 24

hemispatial neglect

Answer 24

unaware of the locations and objects contralateral to brain damage- most often R PPC- spatial attention disorder

Question 25

visual disorientation

Answer 25

cant accurately point to locations in space lesion in occipitotemporoparietal junction evidence of 2 independent cortical visual systems- object recognition and spatial location

Question 26

constructional apraxia

Answer 26

``` impaired visuoperception, visually guided action, and executive function posterior parietal lobe difference between R and L R is detail but spatial problems L is bad detail ```

Question 27

Anterior intraparietal area AIP

Answer 27

object directed grasping

Question 28

parietal reach region PRR

Answer 28

visually guided reach

Question 29

lateral intraparietal area LIP

Answer 29

saccadic movements

Question 30

ideomotor apraxia

Answer 30

unable to imitate movements- will substitute some- can do it randomly sometimes but not on cue left posterior parietal ctx

Question 31

sensory neglect

Answer 31

neglect of perceptual input- could be any perception

Question 32

motor neglect

Answer 32

neglect of response output- could have trouble maintaning, initiaintng, disenganging etc.

Question 33

neglect areas

Answer 33

IPL, 39, 40 DL frontal, cingulate, thalamus, basal ganglia, white matter IPL is where and what system combine

Question 34

balints syndrome

Answer 34

simultagnosia, optic ataxia, psychic paralysis of gaze | bilateral lesions of PPL and occipital lobes