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Rad 112 > Exam #2 > Flashcards

Exam #2 Flashcards

(84 cards)

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1
Q

How can the bones of the upper limb be divided?

A

Hand/wrist
Forearm
Arm
Shoulder gridle

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2
Q

Most distal bones of the hands are called ____

A

Phalanges

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3
Q

Bones that makeup the palm of each hand

A

Metacarpals

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4
Q

Bones that make up the wrist

A

Carpals

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5
Q

Singular word for phalanges

A

Phalanx

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6
Q

First digit is ____

A

Thumb

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7
Q

Digits 2-5 is composted of _______

A

3 phalanges
- proximal
- middle
-distal

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8
Q

1st digit is composed of _____

A

Two phalanges
-distal
-proximal

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9
Q

Each phalanx consist of three parts:

A

Head, body, base

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10
Q

Interphalangeal joint (IP)

A

Joint between phalanges in the thumb

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11
Q

What do you include in the thumb image to make sure you have everything?

A

Distal phalanx to the base of the first metacarpal

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12
Q

Name joints in digits 2-5.

A

distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint
Proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint
MCP joint

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13
Q

Carpometacarpal (CMC) joint

A

Proximal end of metacarpals, articulate with the carpals

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14
Q

First metacarpal articulates with _______

A

Trapezium

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15
Q

Second metacarpal articulates with ______

A

Trapezoid

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16
Q

Third metacarpal articulates with _______

A

Capitate

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17
Q

Fourth and fifth metacarpal articulate with _______

A

Hamate

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18
Q

List carpal bones distal row then proximal row starting laterally and going in medially.

A

Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate, Hamate
Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiform

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19
Q

Describe the scaphoid bone.

A

Boat shaped, largest in proximal row, articulates with the radius proximally, most frequently fractured carpal bone

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20
Q

Describe the lunate bone.

A

Moon shaped, articulates with radius, articulates with capitate

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21
Q

Describe the triquetrum bone.

A

Pyramidal shape, articulates with pisiform

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22
Q

Describe the pisiform bone.

A

Smallest of the carpal bones, most evident in tangential projection

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23
Q

Describe the trapezium bone.

A

Irregular shape, proximal to first metacarpal

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24
Q

Describe the trapezoid bone.

A

Smallest bone in distal row, wedge shape

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25
Describe the capitate bone.
Largest of carpal bones
26
Describe the hamate bone.
Has a hooklike process called the hamulus (projects from palmar surface)
27
What are small conical projections located at the extreme distal ends of both the radius and the ulna?
Styloid process
28
What is the small depression on the medial aspect of the distal radius?
Ulnar notch
29
Where is the head of the ulna located?
Near distal end
30
Where is the head of the radius located?
Proximal end near elbow joint
31
What bone is directly involved in the wrist joint?
Radius
32
What is the rough oval process on the medial and anterior side of the radius, distal to the neck?
Radial tuberosity
33
Which is longer: ulna or radius?
Ulna
34
The ulna is primarily involved in the formation of ________.
Elbow joint
35
What is the large concave depression that articulates with the distal humerus?
Trochlear notch
36
What is the small shallow depression located on the lateral aspect of the proximal ulna?
Radial notch
37
The distal end of the humorous (Humeral condyle) is divided into two parts: _______ and ______
Trochlear and capitulum
38
what articulates with the ulna off the humerus?
Trochlea
39
Wha articulates with the head of the radius off the humerus?
Capitulum
40
What is the small projection on the lateral aspect of the distal humerus above the capitulum ?
Lateral Epicondyle
41
What is the larger and more prominent and is located on the medial edge of the distal humerus?
Medial epicondyle
42
What are the two shallow anterior depressions on the humerus ?
Coronoid fossa Radial fossa
43
What is the deep posterior depression of the distal humerus?
Olecranon fossa
44
How will you know if the forearm is in a true lateral?
First and smallest arc (trochlear sulcus) will appear, second intermediate arc appears double lined (edges of capitulum and trochlea), third the trochlear notch of ulna appears SYMMETRICALLY
45
All the joints of the upper limb are described as ______ and _______.
Synovial and diathrodial
46
Describe interphalangeal joints
Ginglymus (hinge) with Flexion and extension around the transverse axis
47
Describe the metacarpophalangeal joints.
2-5: ellipsoidal, flexion/extension/abduction/adduction (circumduction) 1: ellipsoidal with limited abduction and adduction movements
48
Describe the carpometacarpal joints.
1: saddle, great range of movement 2-5: plane, least amount of movement
49
Describe intercarpal joints.
Plane movement
50
Describe the wrist joint.
Divided into two: distal radioulnar joint & radiocarpal joint Ellipsoidal/diarthrodial Enclosed by articular synovial capsule
51
What is the joint that the radius articulates with the scaphoid and lunate?
Radiocarpal joint
52
What is the joint between the distal radius and ulna o the forearm?
Distal radioulnar joint
53
What ligament is attached to the styloid process of the ulna and finals out to attach to the triquetrum and pisiform?
Ulnar collateral ligament
54
What ligament extends from the styloid process of the radius primarily to the lateral side of the scaphoid with some attachments to the trapezium?
Radial collateral ligament
55
Describe the elbow joint.
Synovial, diarthrodial, ginglymus, proximal radialulnar joint is apart of elbow joint
56
Ulnar deviation opens up what carpals?
Scaphoid, trapezium, trapezoid
57
Radial deviation opens up what carpal bones?
Hamate, pisiform, triquetrum, and lunate
58
What movements do the radius and ulnar cross?
Pronated
59
The lateral rotation _______ and the medial rotation ________ the proximal radius and ulna.
Separates and superimposes
60
Describe fat pads/stripes
Soft tissue, displacement can be the only indication of disease or significant injury within joint region
61
What are the two important fat stripes in the wrist joint?
Scaphoid fat stripe (PA and Oblique projection) Pronator fat stripe (lateral projection)
62
What fat pad only appears when something is wrong?
Posterior fat pad in elbow joint
63
What are the fat pads in elbow joint?
Anterior fat pad, posterior fat pad, supinator fat pad Must be shown on lateral projections
64
How many phalanges do we have in one hand?
14
65
What are the routine images for hand?
Lateral, AP, external oblique
66
How much do you increase kVp for small to medium plaster cast?
5-7 kVp
67
How much do you increase kVp for large plaster cast?
8-10 kVp
68
How much do you increase kVp for fiberglass cast?
3-4
69
How many bones are in the hand?
27
70
In the upper limb, what is a saddle joint?
Thumb
71
What are two routine laterals for hands?
Extension and flexion
72
Where do you center the CR for a finger?
PIP
73
Dislocation
Displacement from joint
74
Subluxation
Partial dislocation
75
sprain
Rupture or tearing of connective tissues
76
Contusion
Bruise, without fraction
77
Simple fracture
Within the body
78
Compound fracture
Broke through skin
79
Comminuted fracture
Splintered/crushed, many pieces
80
Impacted fracture
Fragments driven to each other
81
Barton’s fracture
82
Boxer’s fracture
Base of first metacarpal bone
83
Colles’ fracture
Fracture of Distal radius, posterior dislocation
84
Smith’s fracture
Fracture of distal radius, anterior dislocation

Rad 112 (6 decks)

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