Exam 2

Question 1

What music dominated the medieval period?

Answer 1

Music by the church; sacred and secular music etc.

Question 2

What is Sacred music?

Answer 2

Music that has a religious connotation and function (christian monks)

Question 3

How do you describe sacred music?

Answer 3

Mostly vocal, instruments were sparsely used (they were considered distracting to the religious message); music was mostly MONOPHONIC

Question 4

What is monophonic?

Answer 4

Music containing only ONE melodic line

Question 5

What is secular music?

Answer 5

NONRELIGIOUS, music from the middle ages. Had french noble composers (and Troubadours, Trouvere, and Troubaritz)

Question 6

what were the middle ages also known as?

Answer 6

the medieval period

Question 7

what is Gregorian chant also known as?

Answer 7

Plainchant

Question 8

what language is gregorian chant/plainchant

Answer 8

melody set to SACRED LATIN texts

Question 9

who is associated with gregorian chants?

Answer 9

Pope Gregory 1 (The Great)

Question 10

What did Pope Gregory 1 (The Great) do?

Answer 10

Reorganized and standardized the Catholic liturgy

Question 11

What does the Mass Ordinary Music include?

Answer 11

Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus, and Agnus Dei

Question 12

What is melisma?

Answer 12

the act of singing MULTIPLE pitches per syllable

Question 13

What is Dies Irae?

Answer 13

Used in a Requiem (mass for the dead/funeral)

Question 14

Who was Hildegard von Bingen?

Answer 14

Diplomat, nun, visionary, mystic, appointed saint; wrote poetry and music

Wrote the earliest mortality play and had visions since she was 3years old.

Question 15

What is a Tessitura ?

Answer 15

The WHOLE pitch range of a piece of music (highest and lowest notes).

Question 16

What’s the difference between Hildegard’s Tessitura and Gregorians?

Answer 16

Hildegard’s tessitura is MASSIVE whereas Gregorian chant has less range w it’s tessitura.

Question 17

What’s Troubaritz ?

Answer 17

female troubadour/trouvere

Question 18

Troubadours were around ?

Answer 18

Southern France (Guillamane IX)

Question 19

Trouveres were?

Answer 19

Northern France (Chastelain de Couci)

Question 20

Minstrels had their music composed by who?

Answer 20

composed by the Troubadours and Trouveres.

Question 21

What are MINSTRELS?

Answer 21

Court entertainers; composed of musicians jugglers, acrobats, and singers

Question 22

What are Jongleurs?

Answer 22

Wandering Minstrels

Question 23

Organum (SACRED) was what?

Answer 23

The ADDITIONAL SECOND LINE on top of the original Gregorian chant

Question 24

Notre Dame is what?

Answer 24

In PARIS, intellectual artistic capital of Europe

Question 25

Who taught at Notre Dam?

Answer 25

Leonin & Perotin

Question 26

What does renaissance mean?

Answer 26

Rebirth —> massive changes and the END!!! of the medieval period

Question 27

Who is Martin Luther?

Answer 27

Lead the protestant revolution and PROTESTED the “indulgences”; was apart of the REBIRTH era of medieval/renaissance europe

Question 28

Two main styles of indian classical ?

Answer 28

Carnatic (SOUTH) and Hindustani (NORTH)

Question 29

what’s north indian music?

Answer 29

Hindustani —> starts slow and speeds up

Question 30

what’s south indian music?

Answer 30

carnatic —> lively and upfront in face

Question 31

What are The Vedas?

Answer 31

Large body of texts, OLDEST layer of sanskrit literature

Question 32

The Vedas combined what?

Answer 32

instrumental, vocal, and dance

Question 33

what is the Samaveda ?

Answer 33

meant to be HEARD ONLY; contains the veda melodies and chants (passed down through oral traditions)

Question 34

What is Raga?

Answer 34

Indian Classical Scale

Question 35

What is Raga associated w?

Answer 35

The color of atmosphere; MOODS - love, tranquality, heroism can depict moods of atmosphere and are very SPECIFIC

Question 36

What is Alap?

Answer 36

type of SOLO introduction that can be REALLY LONG, and very spiritual and meditative UNFOLDS AND DISPLAYS the RAGA!

Question 37

What is Gat?

Answer 37

Rhythm is introduced; MAIN BODY of composition

Question 38

What is Lehra?

Answer 38

a REPEATED melodic figure (effective for soloing)

Question 39

What is the Tala?

Answer 39

the time signature

Question 40

What is the Tihai ?

Answer 40

A rhythmic structure has 3 equal phrases (legs). A type of CADENCE that concludes on SAM.

Question 41

What is Chakradhar ?

Answer 41

tihai within tihai

Question 42

What is Sam?

Answer 42

beat ONE of the tala

Question 43

What is Bols?

Answer 43

spoken syllable; also used to define TALA and RHYTHMIC PATTERNS Dha, Dhin, Ta, Na, Tira, Kita Traka, Ghina, Ten, Naghotete

Question 44

What is Theka?

Answer 44

basic rhythmic phrase of tala

Question 45

What is Teental?

Answer 45

16 beat cycle, 4 beats of 4 like 4/4

Question 46

What is the japanese word for drum?

Answer 46

TAIKO

Question 47

What is a contemporary ensamble version of TRADITIONAL JAPANESE drumming?

Answer 47

Kumidaiko

Question 48

Japanese word for mallet/stick?

Answer 48

Bachi

Question 49

THE SONG maru bihag starts with what?

Answer 49

a SCALE (hindustani)

Question 50

What track is spoken/vocal w hand clapping and Ragas?

Answer 50

Konnakol Duet - by V Shivapriya

Question 51

What language is the song O VOS IMITATORES sung in? By Hildegard von Bingen

Answer 51

latin and SUNG ONLY BY WOMEN

Question 52

What song was used in THE SHINING and has Dies Irae undertones?

Answer 52

Symphony Fantastique - Berlioz (song about being sentenced to death); slightly whimsical sounding w orchestral music

Question 53

what instruments does A CHANTAR - BEATRIZ DE DÍA have?

Answer 53

flute solo and VIOL, old french (secular), LOTS OF MELISMA dovetail into flute solo

Question 54

O Succesores was by who? describe song also

Answer 54

has VIOL, and choir of WOMEN, tessitura is literally off the sheet music charts

Question 55

What song sounds like typical medieval music?

Answer 55

Douce Dame Jolie - Guillaume Machaut (old french SECULAR)

Question 56

How does the SONG Dies Irae go?

Answer 56

Lyrics and octaves bring you DOWN, song about people going to HELL during the RAPTURE

Question 57

How does Raga Piloo go?

Answer 57

OOOO —> fast with “rainbow” strum in background; listened to on monday