Exam 2

Question 1

Which ligament is ideally positioned to limit gapping of the anterior sacroiliac joint surface?

Answer 1

ventral sacroiliac ligament

Question 2

Which movement of the sacrum is the long posterior sacroiliac ligament positioned to limit or restrain?

Answer 2

counternutation

Question 3

What is the average amount of motion about any axis of the adult sacroiliac joint in an unloaded position?

Answer 3

2 degrees

Question 4

Which ligament is ideally positioned to limit displacement between the posterior sacrum and the iliac tuberosity

Answer 4

posterior interosseous sacroiliac ligament

Question 5

Which tissues contribute to increased force closure of the sacroiliac joint?

Answer 5

muscles, ligaments, and fascia (not cartilage)

Question 6

What is the function of the sacroiliac joint?

Answer 6

relieve torsional stresses placed on the pelvis when walking

Question 7

What movement of the sacrum is usually induced by vertically applied loads to the sacrum?

Answer 7

nutation

Question 8

What motion of the sacrum are the sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments positioned to restrain?

Answer 8

nutation

Question 9

Which ligament is continuous with the long posterior sacroiliac ligament?

Answer 9

sacrotuberous ligament

Question 10

Which ligament attaches the lateral and intermediate sacral crests of the S3, S4, and S5 segments to the posterior superior iliac spine?

Answer 10

long posterior sacroiliac ligament

Question 11

Which structure of the ilium is located posterior to the iliac auricular surface?

Answer 11

iliac tuberosity

Question 12

Which ligament attaches the middle sacral fossa to the iliac tuberosity?

Answer 12

posterior interosseous sacroiliac ligament

Question 13

What structure separates the greater sciatic foramen from the lesser sciatic foramen?

Answer 13

sacrospinous ligament

Question 14

Where is the joint capsule of the sacroiliac joint located?

Answer 14

deep to the anterior sacroiliac ligament

Question 15

Which bony structure of the sacrum “interlocks” with the iliac ridge at the sacroiliac joint?

Answer 15

sacral groove

Question 16

the primary kyphosis helps to increase

Answer 16

the size of the pelvic cavity

Question 17

the sacral surface is covered by

Answer 17

hyaline cartilage

Question 18

the iliac surface is covered by

Answer 18

fibrocartilage-like hyaline cartilage

Question 19

the longitudinal groove along the center of the sacral auricular surface

Answer 19

sacral groove

Question 20

the thick posterior rim of sacral groove that sometimes forms an accessory SI joint

Answer 20

sacral tuberosity

Question 21

what landmark is found at the inferior end of iliac ridge

Answer 21

PIIS

Question 22

the groove between iliac tuberosity and iliac ridge

Answer 22

iliac sulcus

Question 23

the articular capsule is only located on which side

Answer 23

anterior

Question 24

this ligament bends with the joint capsule while covering and prevents diastasis of the anterior joint surface

Answer 24

anterior sacroiliac ligament

Question 25

this ligament connects to the sacral tubercles and articular process of S1 and S2 to the iliac crest and tuberosity

Answer 25

short posterior sacroiliac ligaments

Question 26

this ligament connects S3 and S4 to the PSIS and inner lip of iliac crest

Answer 26

long posterior sacroiliac ligament

Question 27

this ligament courses vertically and blend inferiorly with the sacrotuberous ligament

Answer 27

long posterior sacroiliac ligament

Question 28

the long posterior sacroiliac ligament limits

Answer 28

counternutation (posterior tilting)

Question 29

fascia of the glut max, erector spinae, and thoracolumbar attach onto the

Answer 29

LPSIL

Question 30

the sacrotuberous ligament attaches to

Answer 30

PI sacrum and ischial tuberosity

Question 31

the sacrospinous ligament runs from the

Answer 31

anterior surface of the sacrum to the ischial spine

Question 32

the sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments both limit

Answer 32

nutation (anterior inferior movement of sacral base)

Question 33

the sacrum is able to transmit longitudinal forces from the spine through the pelvis to the lower extremity because it is part of the

Answer 33

pelvic ring

Question 34

the sacroiliac joint is what type of joint in function

Answer 34

stress-relieving, buffers torsion

Question 35

under vertical loads the sacrum tends to tilt

Answer 35

forwards and downwards, rotating around bonnaire's tubercle

Question 36

which muscles are involved in active force nutation

Answer 36

erector spinae, rectus abdominis, and biceps femoris

Question 37

which ligaments are stretched during nutation

Answer 37

interosseous and sacrotuberous

Question 38

the wider posterior edge of the S1 segment will move and separate from

Answer 38

inferiorly, the ilia

Question 39

the wider anterior end of the S3 segment will move and tends to

Answer 39

upwards, separate

Question 40

in flexion the axis of rotation passes

Answer 40

backwards from pubic symphysis to the greater sciatic notch

Question 41

in extension the axis of rotation passes

Answer 41

from pubic symphysis through the pelvis between the ischium and coccyx

Question 42

hip flexion causes the ipsilateral ilium to glide

Answer 42

backwards across the sacrum compressing it, pivoting around the symphysis

Question 43

hip extension causes the ilium to glide

Answer 43

forward and flare away from the sacrum

Question 44

a lateral force and friction are needed to withstand the impact of

Answer 44

vertical load on the pelvis

Question 45

pain from the SIJ is located primarily and refers

Answer 45

over the joint sulcus (inferior), distally

Question 46

what two structures do proper or true joints adhere to

Answer 46

Bone to bone

Question 47

examples of proper joints

Answer 47

Transverse

Question 48

examples of false joints

Question 49

the tectorial ligament is a continuation of which ligament

Answer 49

posterior longitudinal

Question 50

what membrane is pierced by C2 nerve and if thickened causes a posterior ponticle to form

Answer 50

Posterior Atlanta occipital membrane

Question 51

what are the four parts of the vertebral artery

Question 52

the function of the tectorial membrane is to

Answer 52

High frequency vibrations, hearing

Question 53

the function of the transverse ligament is to

Answer 53

stabilize the dens to the atlas

Question 54

what muscles cause retraction/protraction of the cervical spine

Question 55

orientation of pedicles when viewed from above

Question 56

orientation of pedicles when viewed from below

Question 57

boundaries of the cervical IVF

Question 58

the two accessory ligaments in the SI joint

Answer 58

Scarotuberous sacrospinous

Question 59

which ligament transverses the acetabular notch

Question 60

which artery is found at the fovea

Answer 60

Foveal artery

Question 61

coxa valga

Answer 61

Increase in angle, over 135

Question 62

coxa vara

Answer 62

Decrease, less than 120

Question 63

angle in inclination of the neck of the femur

Question 64

which muscles attach the the greater trochanter

Answer 64

Glut med/min, piriformis, obturators

Question 65

which muscles attach to the lesser trochanter

Answer 65

Psoas major and iliacus

Question 66

what muscle attach to the trochanteric fossa

Answer 66

Obturators and gemellus

Question 67

which muscles attach to the intertrochanteric line

Answer 67

Vastus lateralis and medialis

Question 68

which muscles attach to the linea aspera

Answer 68

which muscles attach to the gluteal tuberosity

Question 69

innervation of the abductor muscles

Question 70

innervation of anterior thigh muscles

Question 71

gluteus medius action during walking

Answer 71

Prevents pelvis from dropping on opposite side

Question 72

hip abductor torque vs hip abduction angle

Question 73

how does hip joint position effect the function of the piriformis muscle