Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Women in the Ancient World > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

(65 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

hoe agriculture (horticulture)

A

-gender role diversity
-labor limited: labor is highly valued

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

how is gender viewed in horticultural society?

A

women are valued for their contribution, bride price was paid by groom to compensate family for loss of her work

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

plough agriculture

A

-plough + draft animals= more crop yield
-land-limited economy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

how is gender viewed in plough agriculture?

A

women become less involved b/c they have to process grain and it is harder to do heavy work when raising a child, women become economic liabilities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

how does infant care shift after farming?

A

hand feeding infants milk or grain allowed more freedom, breast-feeding less so there is no lactational amenorrhea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Neolithic effect on weaning and birth spacing

A

rapid increase with deity shift to grains and permanent sedentism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

why are women fertile if diet is bad?

A

carbs aka grain provide empty calories for female hormone production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Importance of Catalhoyuk site

A

female figurines were discovered here, peaceful and equal in terms of gender in society

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

why is Marija Gimbutas so important in archaeology/women’s studies?

A

Her theory on Old Europe were first to suggest large civilizations were peaceful and egalitarian, essentially people were doing art, dancing, celebrating and artistic expression is woven into spiritual beliefs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

examples of “Old Europe”

A

Cucuteni-Trypillia culture and Stracevo culture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

who is link to the downfall of peaceful goddess societies according to Gimbutas?

A

overrun by Russian invaders called the Kurgans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Minoan civilization

A

Middle Bronze Age, 3100-1100 BC
Defined by bulls, goddesses, double-axes, mountain top shrine, and animals, trade links with mainland, Egypt and Near East

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what do scholars think palatial palaces are for?

A

communal spaces or shortage spaces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what do palatial palaces tell us about gender?

A

-developed from joining together matrilineal clans
-murals/seals show women in central public position
-clay figurines focus on women’s health
-social fluidity could extend into gender fluidity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are labrys? why are they only shown with females?

A

double axes, could symbolized divinity?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are peak sanctuaries?

A

widespread open-air sanctuaries found high in mountains that have animal clay figurines
Example: Petsofas: hundreds of anatomical votive offerings, many are weasels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

why were weasels made as votive offerings?

A

weasel are connected to midwife goddesses and oxytocic “quick birth” substance when women takes liquid that flows from the uterus of a weasel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what other animals are associated with midwifery at peak sanctuaries?

A

tortoises: associated with fertility, used in Hippocratic Corpus to stimulate postpartum lochia discharge
dogs and puppies: dog milk used to expel fetus, dog milk and placenta facilitate childbirth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what 2 animals were used often to stimulate lactation?

A

puppies and piglets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Who is Eileithyia?

A

pre-Hellenic goddess of childbirth who hindered or facilitated birth process according to her mood, worshipped during Neolithic to Roman times

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the snake goddess in Crete likely linked to?

A

Midwifery and mother goddess

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Medicines associated with midwifery

A

dittany: herbal drug
opium poppy: connected to cultic activities, poppy goddess as well
saffron: relieve menstruation issues and pain, “sunshine herb”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Linear B tablets on women

A

majority of servile low-status women documented 750/900 were listed as slave women

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Kourotrophos

A

means “child nurturer,” figurines depicted nursing on left breast, emphasis on women’s roles in domestic sphere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what was the role of upper class Greek women?
reproducers of wealth by maintaining home and slaves b/c they had no political rights and controlled by men at every stage of their lives
26
gynaeceum
portion of house reserved for women, usually innermost part of building
27
andron
portion of house for men
28
gynaikonomoi
guardians of women created through the Laws of Draco (621 BC) justifying need for guardianship due to supposed weakness of female gender
29
Plato's idea of women
women could become more equal to men if they received appropriate training, did not believe they were equal at birth
30
Aristotle's idea of women
women were colder blood, "could not control themselves physically or psychologically through exercise of reason the way men can"
31
Pandora
credited with creating all other women who are evil and conspirers of troublesome deeds
32
Hesiod
"original woman hater" women are inferior and a problem for men, Zeus made women as a punishment
33
Reflections of Erotic Desire in Archaic and Classical Greece
sexual desire (Eros) functions as social constructor and reinforcer
34
Herma (Herm)
stone blocks or sculptures with bearded head and erect penis
35
Pederasty
"active role" associated with masculinity or social status duty of adult man to court a young boy he saw attractive
36
Sappho
well known source for lesbianism, lived on island of lesbos, earliest female writer in western history
36
Most common cure for illness is ancient Greece
intercourse with a man or getting pregnant
37
Hippocratics view of menstruation
women bled so much b/c they had less energy than men, only suppose to last 3 days, treatment always to have sex with a man
38
Hysteria
female nature was to be weak and ruled by sexually crazed beast that laid deep inside, illness associated with uterus
39
wandering womb
womb wandered to find moisture from other organs, if it didn't than it could ruse up and suffocate her, have sex with man to cure
40
Agnodice
first woman doctor, disguise herself as man to get trained and than practiced
41
obstetrix
women who trained with male physicians for women's health
42
what were women responsible for in terms of religion?
birth and death rites sine priests/priestesses could not enter house with some who was deceased
43
prothesis
washing and laying out of the body, body dressed and placed on a high bed, FIRST close eyes and mouth
44
ekphora
funeral procession, took corpse through the streets right before dawn
45
deposition
burying of the remains either through inhumation and cremation
46
phormiskos
a globular jug that held oil used to anoint corpse
47
what 3 festivals were for women only?
Thesmophoria, Sikra, Haloa
48
festival of Argive
both men and women attended, shared feasting and sacrifice
49
kanephoroi
12-16 year olds female virgins who lead processions for sacrifices, men were scarificers and would cut hair off for butcher animal as offering
50
pharmakos
elected ugliest inhabitant to be sacrificed usually during time of famine or plague to get rid of imperfections or flaws, obsessed with purity culture
51
Skira festival
protest power of men in Athens, in honor of Athena and Demeter, eat garlic together to be sexual abstinence
52
Thesmophoria festival
3 day festival in honor of Demeter, met near men's assembly where boule met, reversal of roles men played on council
53
rituals of Thesmophoria
Day 1: Ascent Day 2: The Fast- made jokes and refused to eat, broke this by drinking alcoholic barley drink called kykeon Day 3: Fair Offspring (Kalligeneia)
54
Hiereiai
priestesses were inherited purchased, or won by election, served as role models
55
benefits of priestess
not being taxed, bodyguards, reserved front row seats, legal benefits that women rarely had
56
Oracle of Delphi
Pythia most importance priestess who could predict future
57
Festival of Aphrodosia
celebrated by women across all social status, patron goddess of ancient Greek sex workers
58
Sex work in ancient Athens
prostitution was allowed and legal as long as not a citizen
59
moicheia
adultery, was a crime, restricted to illicit sex with free women, men were allowed to legally have sex with prostitutes and slaves
60
Pornai
property of pimp, lowest class of prostitution
61
Heterai
higher class of prostitutes, only permitted women to feast with men at Symposium
62
Phryne
ancient hetaria who was model for Aphrodite of Knidos
63
kylixes
drinking vessels with symposium scenes
64
Lysistrata
comedy by Aristophanes depicting women striking against men in war

Women in the Ancient World (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions