Exam 2

Question 1

Brønsted-Lowry Acid

Answer 1

A compound that can donate a proton

Question 2

Bronsted-Lowry Base

Answer 2

A compound that can accept a proton

Question 3

Lewis Acid

Answer 3

any species that can accept electrons

Question 4

Lewis Base

Answer 4

any species that can donate electrons

Question 5

Ionic Bond

Answer 5

a bond between two atoms differing in electronegativity by > 2

Question 6

Polar-Covalent Bond

Answer 6

a bond between two atoms differing in electronegativity by 0.5 - 2

Question 7

Covalent Bond

Answer 7

a bond between two atoms differing in electronegativity by < 0.5

Question 8

Enthalpy

Answer 8

the energy involved when bonds break or are formed

Question 9

Bond Breaking is…

Answer 9

endothermic, +

Question 10

Bond Forming is….

Answer 10

exothermic, -

Question 11

Low pKa’s

Answer 11

Strong acid and weak conjugate base

Question 12

High pKa’s

Answer 12

Weak acid and strong conjugate base

Question 13

Bond Strength Effect

Answer 13

acidity increases as you go DOWN a group in the periodic table

Question 14

Electronegativity Effect

Answer 14

acidity increases as you go from left to right across the periodic table

Question 15

Effective Electronegativity of Carbons

Answer 15

Sp > Sp2 > Sp3

Sp = more acidic
Sp3= less acidic

Question 16

Resonance Stabilization

Answer 16

the more resonances structures = stronger acid

Question 17

Induction

Answer 17

long range electron pull in a molecule caused by the presence of electronegative atoms or electron withdrawing groups.

Helps to delocalize charge in a molecule, although it’s not nearly as good at delocalization as is resonance!

Question 18

Where should the arrow point for acid-base reactions

Answer 18

it should always goes towards the weaker acid

Question 19

Undecane

Answer 19

11

Question 20

Dodecane

Answer 20

12

Question 21

Tridecane

Answer 21

13

Question 22

Tetradecane

Answer 22

14

Question 23

Pentadecane

Answer 23

15

Question 24

Hexadecane

Answer 24

16

Question 25

Heptadecane

Answer 25

17

Question 26

Octadecane

Answer 26

18

Question 27

Nonadecane

Answer 27

19

Question 28

Eicosane

Answer 28

20

Question 29

What's IUPAC stand for?

Answer 29

International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry

Question 30

What's Dihedral Angle?

Answer 30

distance between reference subs

Question 31

Lower NRG more or less stable?

Answer 31

more (Staggered)

Question 32

higher NRG more or less stable?

Answer 32

less (eclipsed)

Question 33

Torsional Strain

Answer 33

strain from bond-pair/bond-pair repulsion

Question 34

True or False substitutions can affect torsional strain?

Answer 34

true

Question 35

What increases torsional strain?

Answer 35

- size increase (steric effect) - increase of number of substituents

Question 36

What's more stable Gauche or Anti?

Answer 36

Anti

Question 37

Fully eclipsed

Answer 37

2 largest constituents are on top of each other

Question 38

Anti Staggered

Answer 38

2 largest constituents are far apart as they possible could be

Question 39

Gauche Staggered

Answer 39

2 largest constituents closest to each other

Question 40

What does combustion always produce?

Answer 40

H2O and CO2

Question 41

Number of carbons (molecular weight) increases what?

Answer 41

heat combustion

Question 42

The greater the amount of energy released = .......

Answer 42

the less stable

Question 43

true or false different conformations of molecules have different stabilities

Answer 43

true

Question 44

Angle Strain

Answer 44

deviation of the C-C bond angles from ideal

Question 45

What the major component of ring strain?

Answer 45

angle strain

Question 46

What makes up ring strain?

Answer 46

angle strain + torsional strain

Question 47

Puckered

Answer 47

4 carbons

Question 48

Envelope

Answer 48

5 carbons

Question 49

Half-Chair

Answer 49

multiple sets of eclipsing H's

Question 50

Boat

Answer 50

Flagpole interaction

Question 51

Twist-Boat

Answer 51

Reduce Flagpole interaction

Question 52

Rank least to most stable... -chair - boat - half chair -twisted boat

Answer 52

Stable - Chair twist boat boat least - half chair