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Health Issues & Transitions > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Distinct Characteristics of aging

A
  • process is common to all people
  • everyone ages differently
  • process eventually leads to death
  • rate of organ aging varies b/c of genes/lifestyle
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2
Q

Causes of Aging

A
  • Heredity
  • Lack of physical activity
  • Environmental Stress (climate, lifestyle)
  • Toxins (exposure to pesticides/pollution)
  • Values
  • Attitudes
  • Beliefs
  • Emotions
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3
Q

Biologic Theories

A

Aging is internal

We age b/c problems w/ cell division

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4
Q

Molecular Theory of Aging

A

Gene Theory: Juvenile(youth) / Senile (deterioration)

Error Theory: errors in protein synthesis that over time results in impaired cellular function

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5
Q

Hayflick phenomenon

A

believed that cells double a limited # of times before dying

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6
Q

System Level Theories of Aging

A

Immunity Theory: Immune decreases in ability (considers aging to be predetermined)

Autoimmunity Theory: body destroys it’s own normal cells

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7
Q

Cellular Theories

A
  • Free Radical Theory: Antioxidants may prevent
  • Crosslinkage Theory: chemical reaction occurs that creates an abnormal bond between structures
  • Nutrition Restriction Theory
  • Wear & Tear Theory
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8
Q

Social/Developmental Theories

A

influenced by biology & sociology

  • Security & Safety
  • Environment
  • Belonging
  • Self Esteem
  • Self Actualization
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9
Q

Role Theory

A
  • Identify a person as a social being

* Ability to adapt

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10
Q

Activity Theory

A

If active = more satisfied in later life

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11
Q

Disengagement Theory

A

Thought that older people want to be left alone & young people agree
(death is less disruptive to society when elder is disengaged)

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12
Q

Continuity Theory

A

Personality traits are unchanged over time

problem=assumes that people don’t want to change

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13
Q

Psychological Theories are concerned with:

A
  • developmental tasks over time
  • perception
  • reaction time
  • learning & memory
  • personality & coping styles
  • mental health
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14
Q

Guidelines for successful aging

A
  • plan for retirement
  • do what makes you happy
  • accept limitations
  • accept support
  • maintain faith & positive outlook
  • practice good health habits
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15
Q

Ethnic Minorities

A
  • young outnumber the old
  • poorer than the white population
  • more health problems
  • lack of education
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16
Q

Physical Changes of Aging is due to…

A

1/3 Disuse/inactivity
1/3 Decline from disease
1/3 Actual age related changes

17
Q

Integumentary System

A

Skin: decreased sweat glands & fat
Hair: thins
Nails: brittle

18
Q

Vision Changes

A

decreased pupil size
can’t see blues/greens/violets

Diseases: Cataracts (most common), Glaucoma, Macular Degeneration

19
Q

Hearing Changes

A

Decreased ability to hear high pitched sounds
Nerve & Sensory Cells die
Wax thickens

20
Q

Touch

A

Decreased sensory receptors in the skin

21
Q

Cardiovascular

A
  • Heart is less efficient
  • Decreased pulse/flow of blood to heart vessels
  • fatty deposits accumulate
  • decreased cardiac output

Diseases: Coronary Artery Disease, Myocardial Infarction, Hypertension, Cerebral Vascular Accident

22
Q

Respiratory System

A
  • lungs smaller/flabbier
  • loss of cilia & elastic recoil
  • stiffening of rib cage

Disease: Lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

23
Q

Gastrointestinal System

A
  • decreased salivary glands, appetite, taste buds, gastric juices, & enzymes
  • loss of teeth & gums shrink
24
Q

Urinary System

A
  • Decreased filtering ability of kidney to filter urine

- Bladder size decreases

25
Q

Endocrine System

A
  • Decrease in thyroid gland function lower basal metabolic rate
  • Blood glucose levels change

Diseases: Diabetes, thyroid disorders

26
Q

Challenges when dealing with the elderly

A
  • Geriatric Triad (confusion/falling/ incontinence - not normal)
  • Major Fears
  • Communication problems
  • Immobilization
  • Atypical disease presentation
  • Caregiver problems
27
Q

Chronic Illness

A
  • composed of multiple diseases
  • long-term & unpredictable
  • expensive
  • intrude into life
  • IRREVERSIBLE
  • More common in women than men
28
Q

Common Chronic Illness

A
  • Arthritis
  • Hearing impairments
  • Hypertension
  • Heart conditions
  • Cataracts
  • Cancer

*women have more chronic illness than men

29
Q

Diverticulum

A

An out pouching or herniation through the colon’s mucosal wall. May have constipation, bloating, abdominal pain & distension

30
Q

Diverticulosis

A

Becomes inflamed & may rupture or cause an obstruction pain tenderness, fever, bleeding

31
Q

Pretrajectory

A

Teaching people how to stay healthy.

Health Issues & Transitions (3 decks)

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