Exam 2 Flashcards

Question

What is root cause analysis?

Answer 1

A process for understanding and solving a problem with the goal of determining what happened, why it happened, and what can be done to prevent its recurrence

Answer 2

- ADPIE - Resource management - Enhance professional growth - Collaboration with the client - Research - Uses an ethical framework

Answer 3

- Case manager, Educator, Consultant - Counseling and crisis management, risk reduction, legal compliance, workplace hazard detection

Answer 4

Novice, Advanced Beginner, Competent, Proficient, Expert

Answer 5

- individual/family - community - system

Answer 6

A beginner with no experience in the situations in which they are expected to perform Lacks confidence to demonstrate safe practice and needs cues

Answer 7

Demonstrates acceptable performance because the nurse has had prior experience in actual situation Skillful in parts of the practice area

Answer 8

A confident nurse and a master with an ability to cope with specific situations

Answer 9

A nurse with the ability to perceive client situations based on experience, with focus on relevant based aspects of the situation. The nurse can predict expected events in certain situations and recognized that protocols must be altered at times to meet the needs of the client

Answer 10

A nurse having extensive experience with a broad knowledge base that enables one to grasp quickly and initiate action Leadership in policy-making, function in upper executive roles

Answer 11

- Biological: infectious agents, poisonous plants, insects, snakes - Chemical: drug and toxins, aerosols, cleaning solutions - Physical: electric and magnetic fields, UV radiation, falls, fires - Psychosocial: sexual harassment, stress, violence, bodily exertion

Answer 12

- Sprains, strains, tears - Cuts, lacerations, punctures - Bruises, contusions - Fractures - Multiple traumatic injuries - Burns - Carpal tunnel syndrome - Amputations - Tendonitis

Answer 13

sprains, strains, and tears

Answer 14

- define the problem (characteristics) - collect data - identify possible causal factors - identify the root cause - implement solutions - evaluate the outcome

Answer 15

Family and Medical Leave Act An employee is eligible to exercise his or her right after working a minimum of 12 months and at least 1,250 hours (about 1 month 3 weeks) In the case of serious illness affecting themselves or family members, employees can leave work for up to 12 weeks (about 3 months) and return to work without penalty

Answer 16

Occupational Safety and Health Administration The federal agency that sets exposure standards and is responsible for enforcement of safety and health legislation

Answer 17

Health Insurance Probability and Accountability Act A mandate made to enforce that all medical information be held in confidence

Answer 18

The need to carefully monitor both the employee and the work environment to detect any health risk Workplace health surveillance includes physical examination and the tracking of injuries, illness, hazards, and exposure

Answer 19

Through Risk assessment: a process to determine the likelihood or probability that adverse effects such as illness or disease will occur in a group of people because of exposure to an environment contaminate risk = hazard +exposure

Answer 20

process by which someone is exposed to a contaminate that originates from a specific source - Source of contaminant - Transport Mechanism - Point of exposure (home, food, fumes) - Route of exposure (ingestion, inhalation, or skin contact) - receptor population

Answer 21

- Access to healthy housing - Sanitation and waste removal - Abandoned buildings, vacant lots, or facilities - Access to health and safe foods - Location of schools, public facilities, public transportation, and entertainment - Safety and crime - Access to healthcare - Cultural practices and traditions

Answer 22

A field of public health science that focuses on the incidence and prevalence of disease or illness in a population Helps determine whether the environment is affecting people’s health.

Answer 23

- vulnerability (rapid development, eat/drink more for their body size, breathing zone closer to the ground, less able to breakdown contaminants, behaviors put them at risk) - Lead Poisoning #1

Answer 24

- clean water and sanitation - air quality - chemical and contaminant exposure (limited protection) - Climate change (natural disaster)

Answer 25

- prioritize health determinants - health education - improve access to health care - support healthy lifestyles - maintain sustainability

Answer 26

clinical tests that determine whether someone has been exposed through a level (blood or urine test)

Answer 27

a branch of public health science that focuses on how the environment influences human health

Answer 28

Environmental Protection Agency: tasked with repairing environmental damage and establishing new criteria for a cleaner environment Superfund – environmental program established to address abandoned hazardous waste sites; allows the EPA to clean sites

Answer 29

Acceptability of violence in American culture Racism Classism Sexism Availability and accessibility of firearms Lack of accountability

Answer 30

Homicide is the second leading cause of death among youths (1-2% occur on school grounds or on the way to and from school) 15.5% of all public schools experienced one or more serious violent crimes (rape, sexual assault, physical attack with a weapon, robbery, etc.) School nurses play a pivotal role in recognizing both victims and perpetrators. They can promote primary prevention and intervention.

Answer 31

Talk with the adult victim about the possibility of filing a mandatory report. Determine how the perpetrator may respond to a report being filed. Determine whether it will be safe to inform the children about the report. Identify resources available to victim (family, friends, clergy, coworkers). Address safety planning with the nonoffending victim. Ask about the perpetrator’s behaviors

Answer 32

Any recent act, or failure to act, on the part of a parent or caretaker which results in death, serious physical or emotional harm, sexual abuse, or exploitation; or An act or failure to act which presents an imminent risk of serious harm

Answer 33

- Physical abuse: unexplained/inconsistent injuries and a pattern - Emotional abuse: behavior changes, anxiety, nightmares - Sexual abuse: inappropriate knowledge, pain/itching in genital area - Neglect: poor hygiene, malnutrition

Answer 34

Those who are dependent on others or are developmentally disabled are abused the most

Answer 35

Intimate Partner Violence Pattern of assaultive and coercive behaviors by someone who is, was, or wishes to be in an intimate relationship with another person and wants control over the other

Answer 36

physical, intellectual, emotional, and behavioral problems Sleeper effect: phenomenon when health consequences and behavioral issues may not become prominent in a child until long after the initial exposure to IPV

Answer 37

- Safety and Crisis intervention - Medical care and Forensic examination - Mental health services - Legalities - Develop a safety plan for potential abuse - Education Model programs (ex. C.A.R.E Clinic at Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston) seek to create innovative approaches to healthcare delivery that mitigate the health consequences cause by violence, trauma, and abuse

Answer 38

Depression before, during, and after birth has been strongly correlated with IPV Pregnant women who face IPV are at increased risk of giving birth to infants of reduced weight IPV victims more likely to have: Inconsistent use of birth control, Delayed entry into prenatal care Reproductive coercion: abusers pressuring partners to get pregnant and directly interfering with contraception

Answer 39

Ask: - are you currently, or have experienced harm/abuse of any kind in your relationship? - any sexual activity you did not want? - has your current partner ever physically hurt you? - what happens when you and your partner disagree? - do you ever feel scared/afraid? - are you in a safe or unsafe situation? Nurses should not try to “rescue” clients, they should try and empower clients to make informed decisions

Answer 40

- individual: low income, self esteem, age, alcohol/drug use, antisocial/personality traits, history of abuse, insecurity, desire for power - relationship: economic stress, marital conflicts, dominance, unhealthy family interactions - community: neighbors doing nothing about the violence - societal: traditional gender roles

Answer 41

assessment that identifies high risk factorsof IPV - Is there a gun in the house? - Is the woman’s partner unemployed? - What is the worst thing the partner has ever done to the victim? - Does the victim feel that the partner is capable of hurting her? Of carrying out his threats? - Has the woman’s partner ever been arrested? - Is the woman’s partner using drugs? Drinking excessively?

Answer 42

- education must be persistent and constant - identify signs of abuse - safe environment - screening, assessment, documentation - confidentiality and informed consent - advocacy

Answer 43

Primary: education that targets potential victims and perpetrators Secondary: screening and inquiry with high risk populations Tertiary: caring for those affected

Answer 44

Reduce: - Fatal and nonfatal injuries - Fatal and nonfatal traumatic brain injuries - Homicides - Firearm injuries - Physical and sexual assaults Because they can lead to: premature death, disability, lost productivity, mental illness

Answer 45

involves nurse suggestions and client choices Components: - Crisis/disaster plan - A place to go (don't go near sharp objects, go to a window or door) - How to get there - Other considerations (e.g., the relationship of the victim and abuser).

Answer 46

Low income Discrimination Lack of education Lack of employment opportunities

Answer 47

Presence and replication of an infectious agent in the tissues of a host, with manifestation of signs and symptoms. An infectious disease may not be contagious or communicable.

Answer 48

aka contagious, through a portal of exit from the infected person (or animal) with a means of transmission, and a portal of entry to a susceptible host.

Answer 49

in order for a disease/agent to be contagious the means of transmission needs to be there with a portal of exit/entry for the agent to travel and this is not needed for a infectious disease

Answer 50

Originate in a healthcare facility Majority are: UTIs, Surgical Site infections, bloodstream infections, and pneumonia Outbreaks of respiratory and gastrointestinal infections are common

Answer 51

A continual dynamic method for gathering data about the health of the general public for the purpose of primary prevention of illness through both state and federal levels. - State reporting infectious disease: providers-> state health departments -> CDC - Federal = CDC maintains systems to analyze data for trends (FoodNet)

Answer 52

Raw and undercooked foods of animal origin are the most likely to be contaminated Diseases = Norovirus, Campylobacter, Listeria Monocytogenes, Salmonella and Escherichia Coli O157:H7

Answer 53

Associated with drinking/portable water and with recreational water Legionella (majority of cases), Cryptosporidium, E. coli

Answer 54

common cause of acute infectious gastroenteritis, spread through fecal-oral route Symptoms: causes more vomiting than diarrhea, fluid volume depletion Treatment: good handwashing, give oral hydrating solutions, immediate disinfection, isolation until 72 hours after symptom free Prevention: Handwashing and disinfection, and avoidance of contaminats

Answer 55

cause of diarrheal illness (traveler's diarrhea), Consumption of contaminated poultry or undercooked meats Symptoms: nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, fever, headache, and muscle pain Treatment: antidiarrheal medications (loperamide), antibiotics, drink fluids or oral rehydration solutions and wash hands thoroughly Prevention: Handwashing and disinfection, and avoidance of contaminants

Answer 56

causes listeriosis (uncommon but fatal disease), primarily affects older adults, pregnant women, newborns and weakened immune systems who eat smoked seafood. Symptoms (can cause): flu-like symptoms, miscarriage, stillbirth, severe illness/death in newborns Treatment: not specified Prevention: recommendations for safe food preparation, consumption and storage

Answer 57

transmitted by contaminated food and water, or contact with infected animals and reptiles Symptoms: diarrhea, fever, and abdominal cramps Treatment: majority recover without treatment but may need dehydration and electrolyte imbalance treatment Prevention: Handwashing and disinfection, and avoidance of contaminats

Answer 58

deadly form of E.coli, can cause hemolytic uremic syndrome and renal failure, associated with commercially packaged foods and fresh produce Symptoms: severe abdominal cramps, bloody and nonblood diarrhea, and vomiting Treatment: not specified but symptoms resolve in 7-10 days Prevention: Handwashing and disinfection, and avoidance of contaminants

Answer 59

leading causes to outbreak = legionella (plumbing) and untreated ground water Criteria to be an outbreak: - 2+ people must be linked by time, location of exposure to water, and illness - evidence must show recreational water or compounds of water is in the air surrounding the water ( sewage or septic contamination)

Answer 60

- identify children with problems - increase students’ access to both preventive and curative health services The strongest influence on school nursing practice -> Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975 (Public Law 94-142): Children who had previously been unable to attend school because of chronic or complex medical issues were now entitled to public education. School nurses were now providing more complex care for conditions such as seizure disorders, asthma, cardiac conditions, cystic fibrosis, quadriplegia, and life-threatening allergies.

Answer 61

It had the strongest influence on school nursing practice when enacted in 1975 where students with chronic or complex issues could now attend public schools due to the more complex care that was being provided by the nurse for these specific conditions.

Answer 62

Mental health services Assessment and testing Personal aide services Speech, occupational, physical and other therapies First aid Treatment services Developmental assessments Case management Transportation Promote health, safety, academic success Family services

Answer 63

- Problems that affect a child’s learning: vision impairment, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and scoliosis - Drugs and alcohol - Smoking - Sexual behavior and teenage pregnancy - Sexually transmitted infections - Nutrition - Violence

Answer 64

Early Periodic Screening, Diagnosis, and Treatment Program mandated by a federal law passed in 1969 that required that children and adolescents younger than 21 have access to periodic screenings.

Answer 65

Americans with Disabilities Act Wide-ranging federal legislation enacted in 1990 that is intended to make American society more accessible to people with disabilities.

Answer 66

Individuals with Disabilities Education Act Designed to protect the rights of students with disabilities by ensuring that everyone receives a free appropriate public education, regardless of ability.

Answer 67

Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance Survey Biannual report of the common risk behaviors that influence the health of youth in the United States. Risks: unintentional injuries, sexual behaviors, alcohol use

Answer 68

An online self-assessment and planning tool that schools can use to focus on how schools can promote physical activity, healthy eating, and adoption of a tobacco-free lifestyle, and a wide range of safety-related behaviors in an attempt to counter common risk behaviors.

Answer 69

School nurse must have: - Skills in health assessment - Screening (lice) - Health promotion, health education, and child health advocacy - Emergency preparedness

Answer 70

The Whole School, Whole Community, Whole Child model -> a blueprint for policy and practice for the 21st-century school nurse. The future of school nursing is providing a prevention framework that links the community and the school.

Exam 2 Flashcards

(94 cards)