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SOC 402 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Weber

A
  • Rationalization
  • The Protestant Ethic and the Spirt of Capitalism
  • Legitimate Domination, or Authorities
  • Social Action
  • Characteristics of Bureaucracy
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2
Q

The Protestant Ethic

A

The ideals of salvation and being one of the chosen ones

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3
Q

Spirit of Capitalism

A

An underlying set of values and the ideals attached to capitalist economic life

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4
Q

What are the three forms of authority

A
  • Traditional Authority
  • Charismatic Authority
  • Rational-legal authority
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5
Q

Worldly Asceticism

A

Intense, disciplined approach to economic activity. One’s worldly success is a sign of ones salvation

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6
Q

4 types of social action

A
  • Instrumentally Rational
  • Value Rational Action
  • Affectual Action
  • Traditional Action
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7
Q

Instrumentally Rational

A

associated with rationalization - action-oriented by means-end calculations and efficiency

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8
Q

Value Rational Action

A

actions based on moral values, duties, commitments

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9
Q

Affectual Action

A

social action oriented by emotion or feelings - actions based on love, anger, hatred, jealousy

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10
Q

Traditional action

A

social action oriented by ingrained habit

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11
Q

Characteristics of Bureaucratic Organization

A
  • Specialized division of labor; fixed duties
  • Hierarchy of Authority
  • Written rules and regulations
  • Impersonality
  • Placement and promotion based on technical qualifications
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12
Q

Advantages to specialized division of labor; fixed duties

A

focused skill development and increased efficiency

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13
Q

Disdvantages to specialized division of labor; fixed duties

A

alienation and trained incapacity

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14
Q

Advantages to Hierarchy of Authority

A

legitmiates authority and clarifies responsibilities

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15
Q

Disadvantages to hierarchy of authority

A

undemocratic responsibility for mistakes can be “diffused” elsewhere - mistakes were made but not by me

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16
Q

Advantages to written rules and regulations

A

clear, documented standards of performance

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17
Q

disadvantages to written rules and regulations

A

red tape and goal displacement

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18
Q

advantages of impersonality

A

reduces bias and discrimination

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19
Q

disadvantages of impersonality

A

alienation and dehumanization

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20
Q

advantages of placement and promotion based on technical qualification

A

levels social and economic difference, discourages favoritism

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21
Q

disadvantages to placement and promotion based on technical qualification

A

employees rise to their level of incompetence

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22
Q

Bauman

A

Garden Culture
Characterisitics of bureaucracy that enabled Holocaust

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23
Q

Garden Culture

A

the idea of weeding out the undesirable elements of a society and making it perfect

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24
Q

characteristics of the bureaucracy that enabled Holocaust

A
  • the dehumanization of bureaucratic objects
  • hierarchical and functional division of labor
  • the failure of modern safeguards
  • efficiency
  • value-free language
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25
what are the characteristics of a healthy democracy
- relatively inefficient - involves a balanced distribution of power - plurality of values and competing interests - decidedly "non-utopian"
26
Habermas
- critique of technology - rational vs. rationalized modernity - the frankfurt school
27
Major events that shaped the though of the Frankfurt School
- failure of several working-class revolutions in western europe - transformation of capitalism to a new, mass form of production and consumption - nazism and the holocaust - authoritarian communism
28
What is Habermas critique of technology
- citizens are not able to discuss whether the tech is good or bad for society - tech advancement and development is a matter of instrumatenal rationality - may not be entirely democratic
29
Foucault
- Discipline - Panopticon/panopticism
30
disciplinary power
exercising power over people in ways of space, time, and peoples everyday habits through surveillance
31
Panopticon
a prison form that is shaped in a circle and there is a lighthouse in the middle with constant surveillance and full view of the prison.
32
effects of disciplinary power
- assures the ordering of multipilicity - power imbalance not so much based on who can punish, but on who can observe - power over the human population becomes exercised through ever increasing knowledge about them. power/knowledge intertwined
33
Zuboff
- Surveillance Capitalism - Logic - product - Means of production - instrumentarian power
34
surveillance capitalism
a from of capitalism centered around the collection and commodification of peoples behavioral data. According to Zuboff
35
what is surveillance capitalism characterized by
- logic - type of product - means of production
36
Logic of surveillance capitalism
we are neither consumers or the products, but the raw materials from which products are made for the real consumers. the point is to render our lives into behavioral data that can be sold to others in order to better predict and control future behavior
37
The product of surveillance capitalism
prediction products - commodities that forecast what people will do in the future; knowledge or information-based commodities
38
The means of production
machine intelligence is the primary way human behavior is harvested as data and then transformed into profitable producrs
39
Instrumentarian Power
Wanting to be able to predict an organisms behavior; best when people dont understand how, why, or by whom they are being observed; aimed at producing well-conditioned organisms that are increasingly predictable
40
DuBois
- The veil - Double consciousness
41
The veil
a metaphor to describe three interrelated aspects of the experience of the color line
42
The color line
- suggestive of the literal darker skin of AAs. That which physically demarcates them for separation and exclusion - The seeming inability of white people to see black people as true American citizens - the inability of AAs to see themselves outside the standards, preferences, and prejudices of with americans
43
double consciousness
looking at oneself through the eyes of others - privileges of whites blind them
44
Beauvoir
women as other "one is not born, but rather becomes, a women
45
woman as other
rational understanding of gender: 1. man as universal vs. Women as particular 2. Man as complete vs. Woman as lacking 3. Man as subject vs. Women as object
46
Man as universal vs. Women as particular
seperation between boys and girls clothes/toys. Having a deodorant section and a women's deodorant section. Women always identified as taking care of children in pictures. TAMPON TAX
47
Fanon
- Struggle for Recognition - Colonizers Language as a "white mask"
48
Postcolonialism
a social and historical process: the dismantling of colonial regimes in the 1950/60s; an intellectual tradition: critiques the ideas and practices that upheld colonial rule
49
The struggles for recognition
- key to identity is recognition of self by others - recognitions is needed in order to secure own dignity and self-realization - without it, it can cause depression, challenge, opposition, and resistance
50
white make of langauge
the colonized made to adopt the language of the colonizer, the more adept at the colonizers language the more "civilized" the subject is percieved to be
51
Said
-orientalism - imaginative geographies
52
orientalism
a distorted system of knowledge about the orient, and an accepted grid for filtering through the orient into western consciousness; establish a sense of identity and superiority for the west
53
imaginative geography
people can imagine what orient is like without ever actually having been there
54
the orient as other of the west
- orient is static, timeless while west is dynamic, progressive - orient is sensual, while west is intellectual - orient is defeatist, while west is triumphant - orient is violent, while west is civilized
55
Smith
- Standpoint Theory - Bifurcated Consciousness
56
epistemology
a theory of knowledge; explains how we know what we know - standpoint of a woman
57
bifurcated consciousness
- the objectified world of conceptual abstraction - the situated, embodied world of domestic, reproductive, and secretarial labor
58
sociological knowledge
begin with their experiences and then attempt to discover the broader social relations that shape those experiences
59
collins
- intersectionality - matrix of domination - black feminist Epistemology
60
intersectionality
categories of differences (race, class, sexuality) intersect with gender to create unique epsitemologies
61
black feminist epistemology
- different standards of knowledge production and evaluation - knowledge that seeks to not only understand society but empower those who are marginalized within it
62
matrix of domination
imagine an experience of black man, black female, and white female and they are all different
63
Benjamin
The New Jim Code
64
institutional racism
refers to racial discrimination that occurs by virtue of societal arrangements and institution
65
can robots be racist
yes - technology can reproduce or worsen racial inequalities
66
The New Jim Code
highlight the ways racism gets coded into logic of algorithms and other AI technology - while appearing to operate without or even above human biases, prejudices, and bad intentions

SOC 402 (1 decks)

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