exam 2

Question 1

What is DARPA

Answer 1

defense advance research projects agence, research agence for emerging tech for US military

Question 2

What is COTS

Answer 2

commercial off-the-shelf technology

Question 3

Cyber War/Cyberwar:

Answer 3

Involves use of computer technology and Internet to conduct military and intelligence operations. Includes activities such as hacking, data breaches, use of malware to disrupt/damage adversary information systems. Can be used for espionage, sabotage, and even direct attacks on critical infrastructure

Question 4

information Warfare/Infowar:

Answer 4

Focuses on manipulating information and influencing public opinion. Can include spreading disinformation, propaganda, and fake news through digital channels such as social media and online news outlets. Goal is to shape the perceptions and beliefs of a target audience in a way that serves the interests of the entity conducting the info war

Question 5

Conflict in the digital realm.

Answer 5

As technology becomes increasingly integrated into modern life, ‘digital war’ can also encompass conflicts that occur primarily in the digital realm, such as online battles between hacktivist groups, cybercriminals, and/or state-sponsored actors

Question 6

How does Bousquet descibe digital war?

Answer 6

the ways in which digital tech and media are transforming how wars are fought, experienced, lived, represented, reporte, known , rembered and forgotten.

Question 7

what is a hybrid war

Answer 7

combo of conventional/kinetis and unconventional/ non-kintic means obscures line between peace and difficult to attribute

Question 8

where was there a rapid development of nuclear weapons?

Answer 8

manhatten project

Question 9

what is a national security stragety

Answer 9

a plan of action designed to improve security and services

Question 10

what is CCD COE

Answer 10

cooperative cyber defensive centre of excellence

Question 11

what is etymologly

Question 12

who are the two main groups in terms of online extremism

Answer 12

far right and al queada

Question 13

when did al queada start making online content

Answer 13

1980

Question 14

what is jidhaism

Answer 14

an ideology whose adherents aim to reorder
government and society through the implementation by
violence of their interpretation of Islamic law

Question 15

what is radicalisation

Answer 15

he action or process of causing someone to adopt radical positions on political or social issues.

Question 16

what is a war feed?

Answer 16

a personalised reality in which war is made and remade for individuals

Question 17

how does the war feed affect war?

Answer 17

alters perceptions and increases participation

Question 18

what is a crowd sourced war?

Answer 18

a war in which the claims, opinions and outrage of anyone who can use social media can splinter realities of experiance.

Question 19

what is media ecology?

Answer 19

the impact of the way we interact with media

Question 20

what is a fractal war?

Answer 20

when you subscribe to a tailored version of war.

Question 21

Humanitarianism:

Answer 21

belief in improving people’s lives and reducing suffering

Question 22

Digital humanitarianism:

Answer 22

“the set of social and institutional networks, technologies, and practices that enable large numbers of remote and on-the-ground individuals to collaborate on humanitarian projects

Question 23

humanitarian interventions

Answer 23

conducted “at a distance, sometimes without physical presence on the ground, through digital tools and often in an online, collaborative manner including citizen participation

Question 24

humanitarian techneology

Answer 24

“the use and new applications of technology to support efforts at improving access to and quality of prevention, mitigation, preparedness, response, recovery and rebuilding efforts

Question 25

what is the drawbacks of digital humanitarism

Answer 25

tech failures, normalises surveliiance often employed too late, not much security of colleted data

Question 26

what is R2P

Answer 26

A global political commitment, endorsed by UN General Assembly at 2005 World Summit, to prevent four key atrocity types: genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity and ethnic cleansing

Question 27

what is peacekeeping

Answer 27

is the deployment of international (UN) military, police, and civilian personnel to a conflict area with the consent of the parties to the conflict, acting impartially in order to: - Stop or contain hostilities - Supervise the carrying out of a peace agreement - Assist with humanitarian relief, human rights compliance, and state-building

Question 28

what is peace enforcement?

Answer 28

to compel peace in a conflict, generally against will of combatants, which generally requires more military force than peacekeeping operations

Question 29

how can tech influence peacekeeping

Answer 29

The use of modern technology can help peacekeeping missions 1.) establish and maintain situational awareness, 2.) carry out their mandates effectively and efficiently and 3.) protect themselves

Question 30

drawbacks of tech peacekeeping?

Answer 30

Fears that intelligence operators and surveillance drones will involve spying on host and neighbouring countries * Local populations are often mistrustful of UN gathering data and information on their daily activities * New technologies may also cause increasingly risk-averse actors like the UN to distance themselves further from those they are meant to serve, enabling remote observation and contro

Question 31

who ar the top troop contributing countires

Answer 31

nepal,india and bangladesh

Question 32

what is unite aware

Answer 32

a situational awareness programme developed in collaboration between UN and India: “revolutionary initiative to monitor, coordinate and visualise UNPKOs on a real-time basis”

Question 33

what is cyber enabled

Answer 33

“weaponization of digital technologies to amplify traditional instruments of conflict” (e.g., disinfo, misinfo, incitement to violence, surveillance, etc.)

Question 34

what is cyber dependant

Answer 34

the introduction of novel and emerging digital technologies to conflict zones” (e.g., UAVs, malware, lethal autonomous weapons, etc.)

Question 35

what is dua;-use tech

Answer 35

Technology developed for benign and beneficial use (e.g., social media, mobile phones and internet platforms) being weaponised for harmful intent

Question 36

what 3 factors make a successful PKO

Answer 36

a clear, operational understanding of the mission area in real time, or what is known as a “common operational picture”; (2) early warning of impending threats to life, property, and movement; (3) enough data and analysis to identify risks and opportunities in the future

Question 37

what is the un charter

Answer 37

madtes the creation of peacekeeping force for security and creating conditions for a lasting peace in and between states

Question 38

what is a unkpo

Answer 38

un peace keeping operations

Question 39

who s the dss

Answer 39

depatment of safety and security

Question 40

where is unite awar used

Answer 40

cyprus, mali, south sudan, somalia