Exam 2 Flashcards
(21 cards)
Which of the following would be considered a feature of a primary protein?
The number of amino acids in the polypeptide
In what way do side groups of amino acids contribute to the overall properties of the polypeptide?
Different side groups interact with the aqueous surroundings and with each other according to their size and charge or polarity
Which of the following is a correct statement about the ordering of amino acids in a polypeptide?
The “next” amino acid is added by joining of the amino group to the carboxyl function of the previous amino acid in the chain
Extracellular proteins are often found to have polysaccharides covalently attached. Which of the following is a correct statement about proteins with attached polysaccharides?
This occurs after translation; the protein is covalently modified in the secretory system
Which levels of proteins are listed on the following complex? (Refer to image on test)
“A” tertiary, “B” secondary
Which describes the role of the nitrogenous base in DNA and RNA?
Hydrogen bonding between complementary bases is a mechanism of information transfer during replication, transcription, and translation
Which is the correct statement about the structure of cells?
All cells have a plasma membrane bounding cytoplasm
In a eukaryotic cell, what is the minimum number of membranes a molecule can cross through to diffuse from the cytoplasm to the nucleoplasm?
Zero
Some eukaryotic cells have cell walls, and part of the cell wall structure is made of proteins. Which is the correct statement about cell wall proteins?
Cell wall proteins are outside of the cell; they are secreted; These proteins are synthesized on the rough ER
Both the mitochondria and plastid have a circular DNA genome and prokaryotic ribosomes. Which of these does this suggest is the case?
The matrix and the stroma are derived from prokaryotic cytoplasms
Which is the correct statement about membranes and/or organelles in cells?
Plant cells have mitochondria
In an animal cell, where would you expect translation to occur?
In the cytoplasm and matrix
How are gap junctions and desmosomes similar and different?
Both are protein connections between cells. Gap junction provide an opening between cytoplasms; desmosomes do not
In which way are carriers similar to enzymes?
Both carriers and enzymes have binding sites that contribute to their function
Which of the following describes the relation between primary active transport and secondary active transport?
Primary active transport invests energy into a solute, increasing its potential. This potential is the source of energy used to power secondary active transport
A cell is surrounded by a hypertonic solution; a hypertonic solution has a higher concentration of solutes than the cell cytoplasm. Which of the following is correct?
Water will spontaneously leave the cell as it moves from a site of higher potential to a site of lower potential
Which of the following is permitted under the first law of thermodynamics?
Free energy can be converted into energy associated with entropy, provided the total amount of energy does not change
Which of the following describes a violation of the second law of thermodynamics, something that we would not see happen in the real world?
Within an isolated system, the amount of energy associated with disorder (entropy) decreases over time, and the amount of energy associated with order remains constant over time
Which of the following does the shape of this graph explain about chemical reactions?
This graph shows how it may be that a reaction might be spontaneous, and yet it may not occur at a high rate
Which of the following would be evidence of “feedback inhibition” in this pathway?
Accumulation of the molecule C slows the conversion of A to B
Which of the following shows order of least to most oxidized?
Methyl, hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl
