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Oc Anatomy 2 > exam 2 > Flashcards

exam 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

ciliary process functiion

A

secrete aqueous humor

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2
Q

pars plicata (corona ciliaris)

pars plana (orbicularis ciliaris)

which one is folded, flat, has ciliary process, ora seratta, transition to choroid

A

pars plicata (corona ciliaris)
- folded
-ciliary process

Pars Plana (orbicularis ciliaris)
-transition to choroid
-flat
-ora serata

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3
Q

valleys of kuhnt are where

A

between ciliary processes

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4
Q

what are dentate processes

what part of the eye has serrated patterns that contain dentate

A

elongation of retinal tissue into pars plana

ora serrata

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5
Q

what allows for ciliary body to slide against sclera

what does this part contain

A

supraciliaris

pigment
melanocytes
fibroblasts
collagen bands

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6
Q

Longitudinal muscle fibers

adjacent to
paralelle to
base at

what are stellate shaped terminations or muscle stars

tendon of origin atatches
fibers to _______ and to _________

A

Longitudinal muscle fibers

adjacent to - supraciliaris
paralelle to - sclera
base at - scleral spur
apex is - choid

what are stellate shaped terminations or muscle stars :
insertion of longitudinal ciliary muscles in the anterior one third of the choid

tendon of origin atatches
fibers to ___scleral spur____ and to ____trabecular meshwork_____

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7
Q

which part of the muscle

pulls choroid forward

brings ciliary body closer to lens

A

which part of the muscle

pulls choroid forward
-longitudinal

brings ciliary body closer to lens
-circular

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8
Q

what causes presbyopia

A

increase in CT in ciliary body
decrease in elaticity of tendon on ciliary muscle

Ciliary muscle contraction not affected

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9
Q

what layer of the ciliary body is highly vascularized and has loose ct

where is it between

what does it form

A

stroma

between muscle and epithelial layer

forms ciliary process

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10
Q

the ciliary stroma is continuous with what

A

the iris and choroid stroma

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11
Q

what BV supplies the ciliary body
what is it made of

is it anterior or posterior to the circular muscle

A

Major arterial circle
Long posterior ciliary artery and anterior ciliary art

anterior to the circular muscle

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12
Q

venous drainage
done by what bv
where is this located

A

vortex veins
in choroid

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13
Q

thinnest layer of ciliary body

what does it line

A

epithelium

lines posterior chamber and part of the vitrous chamber and ciliary body

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14
Q

what junction is important for the formation of aqueous and where

A

gap junction in the ciliary epithelium

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15
Q

basement membrane

joins what to what

posteriorly it is continuous with:
anteriorly it is continuous with:

A

basement membrane

joins what to what: pigment epi to stroma

posteriorly it is continuous with: bruchs membrane of choroid
anteriorly it is continuous with:iris epithelium

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16
Q

Non pigment ciliary body cell types and location

A

columnar - pars planar
cuboidal - pars plicata

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17
Q

where is the blood aqeuous barrier located

A

non pigment ciliary epi

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18
Q

what lines posterior chamber

A

internal limiting membrane of ciliary body

it is the basement membrane covering the non pigmented epithelium

located in pars plana region

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19
Q

what is the attatchment site for zonular fibers

A

internal limiting membrane

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20
Q

which has high amounts of mitochondria and why

non or pigmented epithelium

A

non pigmented
because it secretes more aqueous humor

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21
Q

pigment ciliary epithelium is continuosus with what

non pigment ciliary epi contines posteriorly at ______ and anteriorly with

A

pigment - RPE
& anterior iris epi

non pigment ciliary epi continues posteriorly at __ora serrat_ to become neural retina

anterior it is continuois with posterior irsi epith

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22
Q

pigmented ciliary epi transitions to __________
and transitions from nonpig to ___________

internal limiting membrane of ciliary body is continuous with

A

pigmented ciliary epi transitions to – -retinal pigment epi (RPE)

and transitions from nonpig to
—neural retina

internal limiting membrane of ciliary body is continuous with
-internal limiting membrane of retina

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23
Q

aqueous humor function

A

oxygen and glucose , removes waste and maintains shape

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24
Q

aqeuous humor is secreted by and where

A

ciliary epithelium covering the ciliary process , pars plicata

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25
secretion of aqueous humor what kind of transport what kinds of gradients
active ionic transport hydrostatic osmotic gradients
26
where are dense network of dense network of fenestrated capillaries found
in the stroma of the cilary body
27
non pigment faces pigment faces
non pigment faces aquous humor pigment faces ciliary stroma
28
what is the complex syncytium tight junctions are present where
formed by pig and non pigment epithelium apical membranes through gap junctions inbetween nonpigment to as a paracellular barrier
29
what two mechanisms are responsible for the formation of reservoir of plasma ultrafilrate in the stroma what is the difference between them
diffusion and ultrafiltration via active secretion ultrafiltration is bulk flow through finestrated cilary epithelia (semipermeable membrane) diffusion is movement across from higher to lower concentration
30
what type of mechanism is pressure sensitive and how does it affect it
ultrafiltration increase in IOP causes decrease in ultrafiltration
31
aquaporins are located where and during what mechanisms
active secretion... located in NPE
32
Define the the different medications used to decrease pressure and how do they do it
alpha 2 adrenergic agonist -dual mechanisms -they decrease production -decrease uveoscleral outflow -inidine -purple B antagonist -decrease aqueous transmission into posterior chamber -olol -yellow cap carbonc anydrase inhibitor -oral diamox -olamide Rho Kinase Inhibitor -rhopressa Netarsudil ophtlamic solution -reverse damage of TM -increases outflow -vasodilator reduces episcleral venous pressure prostaglandins analog -lumigan, latanoprost, travatan ( most effective) -remodels ECM in CT causing more space -increase out flow
33
Name meds that decrease aqueous production
adrenergic agonist -brimonIDINE betablockers- adrenergic ANTAGONIST -olol
34
name meds that increase outflow
prostaglandins analog -lumigan latan, trav remodels ECM in CT Rhokinase INHIBITOR -reverse damage of TM -vasodilator reduces episcleral venous pressure
35
What is composed of flattened perforated sheets (lattice work branches that interlace)
Trabecular meshwork
36
Where is schwabes line
The apex of the trabecular meshwork It is the termination of decemts membrane
37
What encircles the anterior chamber
Trabecular meshwork
38
What is has the location of posterior edge of internal sulcus
Scleral spur
39
What has circular oriented collagen bundles
Scleral spur
40
Scleral spur attatchment sites ….. Posterior Anterior It is continuous with …. At posterior edge, it blends with
Posterior - longitudinal cilary muscle fibers Anterior - trabecular meshwork sheet Continuous with trabeculae At posterior edge its fibers blend with oblique sclearl fibers
41
The outside of the trabecular meshwork lies against
Stroma Sclera schlems canal Sclera
42
Diffference between uveal mech work and corneoscleral meshwork
Uveal -inner ( nearest to posterior chamber) -attch to 1. Ciliary stroma 2. Longitudinal muscles fibers 3. Some at iris root Corneoscleral - flatter sheets - outer - attatch to scleral spur
43
what is convention current
flow of aqueous will go up the iris and down the cornea
44
what is the blood aqueous barrier
ciliary process and choid are finestrated allow large molecules to exit the blood but nonpigment epithelial cells have tight junction occludins that prevents things entering posterior chamber
45
what structure has evagination that extend into juxtacanalicular tissue towards the TM what are these evaginations called
schlemms canal evaginations are internal collector channels of sondermann
46
does uveitis decrease or increase IOP
increases IOP by blocking outflow decrease IOP by destruction of blood aqueous barrier
47
what are two important aqueous humor components
ascorbate - it free radical scavenger - 20 X more than in blood -actively transported to cornea and lens Proteins -200 X less than in blood
48
anterior chamber is where what two things meet
corneoscleral coat uveal coat
49
average angle of anterior chamber is
36 degreees
50
scleral spur or trabecular meshwork ? encircles most of the inner aspects of scleral sulcus continuous with trabeculae apex at termination of descemts membrane at posterior edge it blends with oblique scleral fibers composed of flattened perforated sheets located at the posterior edge of the internal sulcus most of the inner aspects of scleral sulcus fibers blend with oblique scleral fibers
encircles most of the inner aspects of scleral sulcus -scleral spur continuous with trabeculae - spur apex at termination of descemts membrane - trab at posterior edge it blends with oblique scleral fibers -scleral spur composed of flattened perforated sheets -trab located at the posterior edge of the internal sulcus - spur most of the inner aspects of scleral sulcus - trab fibers blend with oblique scleral fibers - spur
51
what is the termination of decemets membrane
schwalbes line
52
anterior to posterior what can you see on gonio
schwables line TM - non pigmen TM - pig scleral spur Ciliary body iris root
53
what is imbert fick principle
used for applanation it is the pressure = force to flatten / area of flattening
54
when is pressure higher laying down or sitting
laying down
55
name two ways that the aqeuous drains which one is most common and by what percent
50-75%via trabecular outflow
56
episcleral venous system is formed by what
aqueous veins
57
anterior limit of schlemms canal is where
in between TM pigmented and TM nonpigmented SC is closer to pigment
58
what layer has the highest resistance for aqueous flow
juxtacanalicular tissue has narrowest spaces
59
cilliary muscle contraction does what to outflow
it decreases the outflow resistance by widening spaces between the sheets
60
what is visible on gonio if examiner applys pressure why does this occur
schlems canal looks like a red line episcleral venous pressure exceeds IOP
61
Schlemms canal location in terms of TM how does aqueous humor difuse into schlemms canal
SC is behind TM difuses passively
62
what are internal collector channels of sondermann
they are evagninations that extend from schlemms canal to TM they increase the surface area of the canal
63
what are two structions of schlemms canal and what are their purposes
internal collector channel -increase surface area extrends from schlemms to TM giant vacuoles -helps transport large molecules across epithelium
64
external collector channel branches and empty into what where do these drain into
external collector channel drains and branches to deep scleral and intrascleral PLEXUS which drains into episcleral conjunctival veins
65
what two ways does aqeuous veins branch from what part of the eye does it feed into the episcleral vein
directly from schlemms or from external aqueous collecting channel a the limbus
66
what kind of drug is pilo and how does it affect pressure
it is a cholenergic agonist it contracts ciliary muscles and therefore allows more space between layers and decreased outflow resistance
67
explain how IOP affects episcleral veins
high pressures cause white veins low pressures causes filling with blood
68
which method of outflow is not affected by IOP explainthe routes for this method
uveoscleral through uveal meshwork> CT around ciliary muscles > suprachoidal space> absorbed by sclera> anterior ciliary and vortex veins
69
increased resistance is usually do what tissue
juxtacanalicular tissue
70
how does age affect tissues and mechanism that increase risk of GLC
-uveosclero unconventional out flow DECREASES -proliferation of juxtacanalicular tissue INCREASES -CROSS SECTIONAL DIAMERTER OF SCHLEMMS CANAL REDUCED
71
where is the cilio spinal center of budge
c8-T2
72
whats more strong sphincter or dilator what happens to pupil if edinger westphal nucleus is not inhibited what happens if midbrain supranaculear is inhibited
sphincter westphal... if not inhbited = miosis small pupil if inhibited = dilation midbrain if inhbited = dilation awake
72
what inner vation activation is not required for pupil dilation
sympathetic
73
Pt has anisicoria worse at night and has different colored eyes this shows that
defect was present in early life
74
explain the dilating and miotic gtts
75
pupil location
inferior nasal
76
pupil reduces retinal illumination by ____ log in _____ seconds larger or smaller pupils reduce aberation
1.5 log in 0.5 smaller pupils reduce aberations
77
describe what is happening if pt has dilated pupil and third nerve palsy non pupil involved CN3 palsy?
the subarachnoid space is being compressed dure to intracranial aneurysm internal coratid art pituitary tumor pupil not involved = ischemia
78
describe the locations of pupil fibers and fibers for eoms
pupils fiber are outside CN 3 and EOM is inside it
79

Oc Anatomy 2 (3 decks)

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