exam 2

Question 1

By far, the most common type of periodontal disease is

Answer 1

dental biofilm-induced gingivitis

Question 2

The clinical signs of inflammation seen in pediatric patients are not as intense as that seen in a young adult patient with the same quantity of plaque biofilm. When adolescents and adults have similar amounts

Answer 2

The first statement is true; the second is false.

Question 3

The dental clinician notes the following clinical signs during the periodontal assessment of a young male teenager:
* Moderate plaque biofilm at the gingival margin
* Gingival redness and tenderness
* Bleeding on gentle probing
* Gingival margin slightly coronal to the CEJ
* Probing depths of 2 to 3 mm
* Inflammatory response that seems appropriate given the amount of plaque biofilm
Which type of periodontal disease should the hygienist suspect for this patient?

Answer 3

Plaque-induced gingivitis caused by bacteria

Question 4

The dental clinician notes the following clinical signs during the periodontal assessment of a young female teenager:
* Small amount plaque biofilm present at the gingival margin
* Gingival tissues appear bright red and soft
* Bleeding upon gentle probing
* Gingival margin slightly coronal to the CEJ
* Probing depths of 2 to 3 mm
* Inflammatory response that seems exaggerated given the small amount of plaque biofilm
What should the hygienist suspect is the likely cause of this patient’s gingivitis?

Answer 4

Fluctuations in sex hormones

Question 5

A localized, mushroom-shaped gingival mass projecting from the gingival papilla is a common clinical characteristic of:

Answer 5

pregnancy-associated gingivitis.

Question 6

A generalized, pronounced overgrowth of the gingival tissue, first seen in the papillae of the anterior sextants, is most often caused by:

Answer 6

use of anticonvulsants

Question 7

Which condition is a disorder of the mucous membranes possibly caused by a hypersensitivity reaction that can result in gingival ulcerations and extensive crust formation?

Answer 7

Erythema multiforme

Question 8

Which condition causes lacy white patches, sometimes with painful sores?

Answer 8

Oral lichen planus

Question 9

Gingival diseases of specific bacterial origin are classified as which type of gingival disease?

Answer 9

Nondental biofilm-induced gingival disease

Question 10

Which of the following conditions is considered a dental plaque-induced gingival disease with a modifying factor?

Answer 10

Pregnancy-associated gingivitis

Question 11

Hyperglycemia-associated gingivitis most commonly occurs in patients with which disease?

Answer 11

Diabetes mellitus

Question 12

Dental clinicians may be the first to suspect a patient may have leukemia because of an unusual odor emanating from the oral cavity. In leukemia, gingival tissues become keratinized and appear pale pink and very thick.

Answer 12

Both statements are false.

Question 13

Which flavor additive is a common cause of intraoral allergic reactions?

Answer 13

cinnamon

Question 14

Periodontal health is best described as:

Answer 14

being free of inflammatory periodontal disease

Question 15

A pink gingiva is an indicator of gingival health. A dark brownish gingiva is an indicator of gingivitis.

Answer 15

The first statement is true; the second is false.

Question 16

The contour of the healthy gingival margin is __________ as it moves from one tooth to another.

Answer 16

scalloped

Question 17

. In health, the attached gingiva is:

Answer 17

keratinized and attached to cementum and bone.

Question 18

. If a periodontium has no loss of periodontal tissue, it is classified as:

Answer 18

intact

Question 19

A patient’s record indicates that they lost a small amount of alveolar bone to periodontitis about 5 years ago. Since the patient’s initial treatment, the periodontitis has remained in remission. Which term should the hygienist use when describing this patient’s periodontium to the dentist?

Answer 19

reduced

Question 20

If a patient with dental biofilm-induced gingivitis exhibits inflammation affecting the gingival margin and the papilla, their distribution of inflammation is categorized as __________ gingivitis.

Answer 20

marginal

Question 21

Which type of distribution of inflammation includes the gingival margin, papilla, and attached gingiva?

Answer 21

diffuse gingivitis

Question 22

If bleeding upon probing affects 20 percent of sites, and there is an absence of bone loss and/or clinical attachment loss attributed to periodontitis, the patient should be given a diagnosis of:

Answer 22

localized gingivitis.

Question 23

To have generalized gingivitis, bleeding upon probing must affect

Answer 23

at least 30 percent of sites.

Question 24

A successfully treated stable periodontitis patient with gingivitis will have:

Answer 24

. both clinical attachment loss and radiological bone loss.

Question 25

. A successfully treated periodontitis patient can revert to being classified as a “dental biofilm-induced gingivitis on an intact periodontium.” A successfully treated periodontitis patient requires lifelong supportive care.

Answer 25

The first statement is false; the second is true

Question 26

Which of the following is classified as an oral factor that enhances plaque biofilm accumulation?

Answer 26

. Hyposalivation

Question 27

Current oral contraceptive concentrations are much higher than early contraconceptive agents, making them more likely to induce clinical changes in the gingiva. Smokers often exhibit gingival fibrosis, the formation of an abnormal amount of fibrous tissue.

Answer 27

The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 28

A nutritional deficiency of __________ has well-documented effects on the periodontium, often causing characteristics similar to biofilm-induced gingivitis.

Answer 28

vitamin C

Question 29

Which of the following patients is most likely to be taking a type of medication that can cause gingival enlargement?

Answer 29

Cedric, who high blood pressure

Question 30

Hereditary gingival fibromatosis is a rare benign oral condition characterized by the slow and progressive:

Answer 30

enlargement of both the maxillary and mandibular attached gingiva.

Question 31

The most frequently occurring form of periodontitis is:

Answer 31

periodontitis.

Question 32

In Stage II Grade B periodontitis, the gingival tissue may appear bright red or purplish. However, the clinical appearance of the tissues is not a reliable indicator of the presence or severity of periodontitis.

Answer 32

Both statements are true.

Question 33

A patient presents with the following: * Pink gingival tissues * CEJ slightly coronal to the JE * No visible change in tissue contour * No visible change in tissue consistency The hygienist classifies this periodontal disease as gingivitis associated with plaque only. Does she have enough information to make this decision?

Answer 33

No, because the tissues can have these characteristics in periodontitis.

Question 34

. All of the following are true of periodontitis, except: A. gingival bleeding is a common clinical finding. B. signs may include periodontal pockets and tooth mobility. C. the disease always progresses at a rapid rate. D. host response plays an important role in pathogenesis.

Answer 34

the disease always progresses at a rapid rate.

Question 35

. Your patient has had infrequent visits to the dentist. A periodontal assessment shows the following: * Plaque biofilm that is consistent with the amount of inflammation * Swelling and redness of the gingiva * Bleeding on probing * Generalized loss of attachment Which of the following is the most likely disease classification for this patient?

Answer 35

Periodontitis

Question 36

Your patient is 40 years old. A periodontal assessment shows the following: * Purplish, swollen gingiva * Recession of the gingival margin * Generalized loss of attachment that has not progressed (worsened) from 2 years ago * Patient reports gums that bleed during brushing, but no pain Which of the following is the most likely disease classification for this patient?

Answer 36

Periodontitis

Question 37

A patient was successfully treated for periodontitis 2 years ago, but today presents with a reappearance of the signs of symptoms of periodontitis. The hygienist notices that the patient's self-care is not adequate. Which of the following is the most likely disease classification for this patient?

Answer 37

Recurrent periodontitis

Question 38

A patient has undergone repeated, appropriate periodontal therapy over the past 5 years. Today, the hygienist notes additional attachment loss at several sites. The patient practices satisfactory self-care and follows the recommended program of periodontal maintenance visits. Which of the following is the most likely disease classification for this patient?

Answer 38

Refractory periodontitis

Question 39

A 50-year-old patient presents with 1 mm of attachment loss in most of the mouth; however, there is 6 mm of attachment loss present on the proximal surfaces of the maxillary first and second molars. Which of the following is the most likely disease classification for this patient?

Answer 39

localized periodontitis

Question 40

Three months ago, a patient with periodontitis was seen for a maintenance visit. Three months ago, clinical attachment loss ranged from 4 to 6 mm. Today, he returns for a maintenance visit and the hygienist notes that there is no additional attachment loss in most areas of the mouth. The one exception is a 2-mm increase in clinical attachment loss on the distal proximal surface of tooth #20. How would you characterize the periodontal disease progression in this patient's mouth?

Answer 40

Disease progression is slow.

Question 41

Three months ago, a patient with periodontitis was seen for a maintenance visit. Today, he returns for another maintenance visit and the hygienist notes that there is no additional attachment loss in most areas of the mouth. The one exception is a 2-mm increase in clinical attachment loss on the distal proximal surface of tooth #20. The area on tooth #20 is described as:

Answer 41

site-specific disease.

Question 42

By far the most common type of periodontal disease is:

Answer 42

generalized periodontitis.

Question 43

All of the following are typical warning signs of periodontitis, except: A. bad taste in the mouth. B. loose teeth. C. red, swollen gingiva. D. pain.

Answer 43

pain

Question 44

All of the following are characteristics of periodontitis, except: A. radiographic evidence of horizontal bone loss. B. can be modified by cigarette smoking. C. most common in adults who are younger than age 35 years. D. disease typically progresses at a slow to moderate rate.

Answer 44

c

Question 45

Disease sites that have not responded successfully to treatment are characterized by:

Answer 45

increasing clinical attachment loss.

Question 46

. Refractory periodontitis occurs despite good self-care and appropriate therapy and regular maintenance visits. Recurrent periodontitis occurs because the patient did not control the bacterial plaque biofilm and/or the periodontal disease was not adequately treated.

Answer 46

. Both statements are true.

Question 47

The difference in severity between Stage II periodontitis and Stage III periodontitis is that:

Answer 47

probing depths in Stage II periodontitis do not measure more than 4 mm ,whereas in Stage III periodontitis, they measure equal to or over 5 mm.

Question 48

The therapeutic endpoints of periodontal therapy include all of the following, except: A. reduction of periodontal pockets by 3 mm. B. elimination of microbial etiology. C. preserving teeth and periodontium in a state of health. D. preventing reoccurrence of periodontal disease.

Answer 48

a

Question 49

. Which of the following terms are no longer valid diagnostic terms under the current periodontitis classification system?

Answer 49

Chronic and aggressive

Question 50

Which of the following is not evidence of disease progression?

Answer 50

tooth loss

Question 51

A patient who presents with clear, thin, delicate gingiva is said to have which periodontal biotype?

Answer 51

Thin-scalloped

Question 52

Gingival recession is the most common mucogingival deformity. The absence of attached gingiva predisposes a person to gingival recession.

Answer 52

both true

Question 53

A patient who presents with marginal tissue recession that does not extend to the mucogingival junction is said to have which of the following Miller Classifications?

Answer 53

Class I

Question 54

A patient who exhibits loss of interproximal attachment associated with horizontal bone loss is said to have which Cairo Classification?

Answer 54

RT2

Question 55

Compared to the other biotypes, the thick-flat biotype is

Answer 55

more resilient

Question 56

The periodontal biotype can vary even among different teeth within the same individual. All biotypes confer a risk for the development and progression of mucogingival deformities.

Answer 56

The first statement is true; the second is false.

Question 57

What percentage of individuals older than 65 years have at least one site with gingival recession?

Answer 57

88%

Question 58

The hygienist is trying to determine a patient’s biotype. When he inserts the periodontal probe into the gingival sulcus, he notes that the outline of the periodontal probe tip is not visible through the gingival tissue. This indicates that the patient’s biotype is:

Answer 58

thick

Question 59

Risk factors for developing recession of the gingival margin include all of the following, except: A. gingival thickness greater than 1 mm. B. orthodontics. C. mechanical trauma. D. narrow zone of keratinized tissue.

Answer 59

a

Question 60

Which of the following is a valid critique of the Miller classification system? A. It is too easy to differentiate Miller Class I from Class II. B. The reliability of the classification system has not been tested in a clinical setting. C. The Miller classification has too narrow a definition for the amount of interproximal soft/hard-tissue loss to differentiate a Miller Class III from Class IV. D. The Miller classification system is too recent to have adequate clinical data on its applicability to clinical practice.

Answer 60

b

Question 61

. In most cases, RT3 recession defects are associated with:

Answer 61

an interproximal infrabony defect

Question 62

Surgical therapy is not warranted based solely on: A. the presence of thin gingival tissue. B. the absence of keratinized tissue. C. gingival recession. D. Surgical therapy is not warranted based solely on any of the options.

Answer 62

d

Question 63

An aberrant frenum may: A. limit movement of the cheek. B. limit movement of the tongue. C. pull the gingival margin away from the tooth. D. All of these are correct.

Answer 63

d

Question 64

Variations in periodontal anatomy are common. However, variation in mucogingival anatomy always indicates a periodontal abnormality.

Answer 64

The first statement is true; the second is false.

Question 65

Which crown dimension is associated with the thick-scalloped tissue biotype?

Answer 65

slendar

Question 66

The presence of a wide band of keratinized tissue is favorable because:

Answer 66

it offers greater resistance to tissue recession.

Question 67

. For close to four decades, the ______ classification system was the most widely followed and most widely accepted gingival recession classification system.

Answer 67

miller

Question 68

Clinicians may surgically intervene if gingival recession is associated with: A. esthetic improvement. B. dentin hypersensitivity. C. reduced root caries activity. D. mechanically induced gingival inflammation.

Answer 68

b

Question 69

The portion of the implant that protrudes through the tissue into the mouth is called the: A. implant fixture. B. abutment post. C. prosthesis. D. implant body.

Answer 69

b

Question 70

The tissues that surround the implant are termed the: A. peri-implant tissues. B. transgingival tissues. C. periodontium. D. None of these is correct.

Answer 70

a

Question 71

The biologic seal functions as a barrier between the implant and the oral cavity. A sulcus lined by sulcular epithelium surrounds the implant abutment post.

Answer 71

both true

Question 72

All of the following are true about dental implants, except: A. gingival fibers and periodontal ligaments do not attach to the titanium surface of the implant. B. periodontal pathogens destroy bone more rapidly along a dental implant than natural tooth. C. there is keratinized tissue around the dental implant, as in a natural tooth. D. the implant is surrounded by junctional epithelium, connective tissue, and alveolar bone.

Answer 72

c

Question 73

Osseointegration is regarded as successful if there is:

Answer 73

absence of gingival inflammation of peri-implant tissues.

Question 74

Connective tissue fibers run perpendicular to the implant surface. Junctional epithelium does not attach to the implant surface.

Answer 74

both false

Question 75

The term for periodontitis in the tissues surrounding an osseointegrated dental implant, resulting in loss of alveolar bone, is called:

Answer 75

peri-implantitis.

Question 76

The same bacteria that are pathogenic to natural teeth can be detrimental to dental implants. Smoking is not an additional risk factor in implant failures.

Answer 76

t,f

Question 77

Dental implants should be checked radiographically at least:

Answer 77

once a year

Question 78

Which of the following scalers is best for instrumenting around implants? A. Sickle scaler constructed of plastic B. Universal ultrasonic tip C. A gold-tipped curette D. Scaler made of titanium

Answer 78

d

Question 79

Calculus on implants is easy to remove because it does not interlock with the surface. Light pressure with a plastic instrument is all that is needed.

Answer 79

t,f

Question 80

All of the following statements are true about probing an implant, except: A. no probing is recommended as a part of implant maintenance. B. probing measurements are taken from a fixed reference point. C. too much pressure will cause the probe to penetrate the biologic seal. D. a metal probe may be used if there is light pressure.

Answer 80

a

Question 81

. Self-care around the implant can be accomplished using any of the following cleaning aids, except a(n): A. soft bristle brush. B. implant floss. C. standard wire interproximal brush. D. end-tufted brush.

Answer 81

c

Question 82

. Dental implants are used for all of the following, except: A. to replace a missing tooth. B. to support a multiunit prosthesis. C. to prevent periodontitis progression. D. to support dentures.

Answer 82

c

Question 83

. ________ cannot be excluded as a cause of implant failure and/or a cause of unwanted systemic inflammatory effects. A. Zirconia hypersensitivity reaction B. Dental biofilm C. Suboptimal positioning D. Titanium sensitivity

Answer 83

d

Question 84

. Peri-implant mucositis is irreversible. Peri-implantitis may progress in a nonlinear and accelerating pattern.

Answer 84

f,t

Question 85

To correct hard-tissue deficiencies, ____ must be performed. A. implant explantation B. ridge augmentation with bone grafting C. hard tissue augmentation D. ridge augmentation with bone grafting and hard tissue augmentation

Answer 85

d

Question 86

How long after abutment connection is postoperative healing considered complete?

Answer 86

3months

Question 87

The presence of _____ is a foreboding sign of peri-implant disease and should be immediately addressed.

Answer 87

pus

Question 88

The presence of _____ is a foreboding sign of peri-implant disease and should be immediately addressed.

Answer 88

0.2mm

Question 89

Before beginning an examination, it is very important to obtain information from the patient related to implant-supported restorations or prostheses. Helpful questions regarding patient-perceived changes since the last appointment include all of the following, except: A. Are you satisfied with the esthetic outcome of your implant? B. Do the gums around your implant(s) bleed? C. Do you notice a bad taste coming from your implant(s)? D. Have you noticed any changes in your implant(s)?

Answer 89

a