Exam 2

Question 1

What is de jure?

Answer 1

Discrimination under the law
ex: Jim Crow Laws

Question 2

What is de facto?

Answer 2

Discrimination based off of tradition and habit
ex: segregated neighborhoods

Question 3

What did Dred Scott v. Sanford rule?

Answer 3

That black people (enslaved or not) were not citizens of the United States and Dred Scott did not have a right to sue

Question 4

Why did the idea of the Emancipation Proclamation get popular?

Answer 4

This was to convince black men to join the union army
(and gave the war a higher purpose in the north)

Question 5

What amendment ended slavery?

Answer 5

13th amendment

Question 6

What are Black Codes?

Answer 6

Black Codes EXPLICITLY take away rights from former slaves

ex: a law that states “A Black person cannot be out past 6pm”

Question 7

What amendment was in response to black codes?

Answer 7

14th amendment

Question 8

What are the two parts of the 14th amendment?

Answer 8

1) A person that’s born into the U.S. or naturalized there is a citizen of the state and national government
2) due process (equal protection under the law)

Question 9

Who got the right to vote with the 15th amendment?

Answer 9

Black men

Question 10

What are Jim Crow Laws?

Answer 10

Laws that IMPLICITLY take away rights

ex: Grandfather Clause & Literacy Test

Question 11

What did Plessy v. Ferguson establish?

Answer 11

“Seperate but equal”

Question 12

What happened in Plessy v. Ferguson?

Answer 12

Plessy went to the first train car (that was a whites only) and they kicked him out and arrested him
- case ruled that as long as things were “separate but equal” segregation was legal

Question 13

What branch was segregated until WWII?

Answer 13

Army

Question 14

What was the group that was formed to collect money for court cases?

Answer 14

NAACP

Question 15

What strategy was used to push against Plessy v. Ferguson?

Answer 15

Litigation

Question 16

What are ways to represent in Congress?

Answer 16

1) Policy
2) Allocative
3) Casework
4) Symbolic
5) Descriptive

Question 17

What is policy representation?

Answer 17

Proposing bills, voting, making policies

Question 18

What is allocative representation?

Answer 18

Bringing back money to the district/state

Question 19

What is casework representation?

Answer 19

Helps an individual constituent
ex: Having trouble getting your passport

Question 20

What is symbolic representation?

Answer 20

Acting if you are apart of the constituency or state
ex: Kim Reynolds going to the Iowa WBB game

Question 21

What is descriptive representation?

Answer 21

Looking like your demographic

Question 22

What is the paradox of congress?

Answer 22

Assuming everyone hates congress but keeps voting for the same person

Question 23

Which part of Congress is a majoritarian chamber?

Answer 23

House of Reps

Question 24

Which part of Congress is an individualistic chamber?

Answer 24

Senate

Question 25

Elizabeth Warren brings up a bill about education, what is this called?

Answer 25

Setting the agenda

Question 26

What happens after a bill is introduced?

Answer 26

They get assigned a number and a committee (where they will most likely die)

Question 27

What is the committee process?

Answer 27

Committee debates, has hearings, markups, and then goes to the floor (chamber)

Question 28

Does the filibuster exist in the House?

Answer 28

No

Question 29

What is a Filibuster?

Answer 29

Delaying action on a bill *ex: Ted Cruz reading Green, Eggs, and Ham to Congress to stop Obamacare

Question 30

Why is a filibuster so important?

Answer 30

Congress must have cloture

Question 31

What is Cloture?

Answer 31

60 votes (3/5th) of Senate have to vote to end filibuster

Question 32

What is more important than a filibuster?

Answer 32

The threat of a filibuster

Question 33

What is a Conference Committee?

Answer 33

Made up of House & Senate members that reconcile the two different versions of a bill

Question 34

What is different about modern conference committees?

Answer 34

Very closed off, just negotiations, not in an actual meeting

Question 35

What happens if the president signs a bill?

Answer 35

Offers a signing statement

Question 36

What happens if the president vetos a bill?

Answer 36

Send a "Veto Statement" back to Congress

Question 37

Who is the Speaker of the House?

Answer 37

Mike Johnson

Question 38

Who is the Reps majority leader?

Answer 38

Steve Scalise

Question 39

Who is the Reps majority whip?

Answer 39

Tom Emmer

Question 40

Who is the Reps minority leader?

Answer 40

Hakeem Jefferies

Question 41

Who is the reps minority whip?

Answer 41

Katherine Clark

Question 42

Who is the leader of the senate?

Answer 42

Vice President (Kamala Harris)

Question 43

Who is the President Pro Tempore?

Answer 43

Patty Murray

Question 44

Who is given the President Pro Tempore position?

Answer 44

Longest serving member of the majority party

Question 45

Who is the senate majority leader?

Answer 45

Chuck Schumer

Question 46

Who is the senate majority whip?

Answer 46

Dick Durbin

Question 47

Who is the senate minority leader?

Answer 47

Mitch McConnell

Question 48

Who is the senate minority whip?

Answer 48

John Thune