Exam 2 Flashcards by Megan Hely

When was the Food and Drug Act passed?

a.) 1906
b.) 1976
c.) 1994
d.) 2004

a.) 1906

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_____________ was the founder of BALCO, who created the steroid “The Clear.”

a.) Patrick Arnold
b.) Victor Conte
c.) Dan Duchaine
d.) Linus Pauling

b.) Victor Conte

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___________ was the organic chemist who created “The Clear”, among other undetectable steroids and prohormones.

a.) Patrick Arnold
b.) Victor Conte
c.) Dan Duchaine
d.) Linus Pauling

a.) Patrick Arnold

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True or False: blood doping was illegal in 1984 when the US Olympic cycling team was caught in the blood doping scandal.

False; banned later by IOC in 1985

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___________ was responsible for quadrupling the sales of Vitamin C in the 1970s due to releasing “Vitamin C and the Common Cold” - despite limited research on its effectiveness.

a.) Patrick Arnold
b.) Victor Conte
c.) Dan Duchaine
d.) Linus Pauling

d.) Linus Pauling

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Anabolic steroids were banned by the IOC in _______ and tested for in ______, which resulted in 11 athletes testing positive.

a.) 1967; 1968
b.) 1972; 1973
c.) 1975; 1976
d.) 1994; 1995

c.) 1975; 1976

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The IOC first drug tested at the Olympics in 1968 for the purpose of banning…

a.) stimulants and alcohol
b.) anabolic steroids
c.) blood doping
d.) recreational drugs

a.) stimulants and alcohol

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____________ was an ergogenic aid used in 1904 Olympic Marathon, which almost resulted in the death of Thomas Hicks.

a.) cocaine
b.) strychnine
c.) erthropoietin
d.) ephedra

b.) strychnine

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____________ was released in 2004 and considered the first modern pre-workout.

a.) NO-Xplode
b.) Metabolife
c.) MET-Rx
d.) Ultimate Orange

a.) NO-Xplode

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___________ was the first pre-workout, released in 1982 with the secret ingredient of ephedrine.

a.) NO-Xplode
b.) Metabolife
c.) MET-Rx
d.) Ultimate Orange

d.) Ultimate Orange

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When was the first commercially available creatine supplement (Phosphagen) released?

a.) 1971
b.) 1982
c.) 1993
d.) 2004

c.) 1993

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Dianabol was created in ________ and originally given to US weightlifters.

a.) 1958
b.) 1967
c.) 1968
d.) 1972

a.) 1958

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In _______, anabolic steroids were put on the Controlled Substances Act as a Class 3 Drug.

a.) 1967
b.) 1978
c.) 1990
d.) 1994

c.) 1990

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The DSHEA was passed in Congress in _____, which meant no more pre-market testing and the FDA considers supplements safe until proven otherwise.

a.) 1967
b.) 1978
c.) 1990
d.) 1994

d.) 1994

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True or False: ephedra is the only specific ingredient banned by the FDA in supplements (2004).

True

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___________ describe a benefit related to a classical nutrient deficiency or describe an ingredient intended to affect the structure or function in humans, or describe general wellbeing from consumption of a nutrient or dietary supplement.

a.) health claim
b.) nutrition content claim
c.) structure/function claim
d.) qualified health claim

c.) structure/function claim

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True or False: “Antioxidants help neutralize free radicals, which in turn, reduce the incidence of cellular degeneration” is a structure/function claim that would be allowed by the FDA.

True

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True or False: “Diets rich in whole grains may reduce the risk of heart disease” is a structure/function claim that would be allowed by the FDA.

False; health claim

True or False: alcohol and beta blockers are banned substances for rifle athletes and archers.

According to WADA, AAS, clenbuterol, tibolone, and zeranol are what type of banned substance?

a.) anabolic agents
b.) hormones and related substances
c.) Beta-2 agonists
d.) stimulants
e.) diuretics and other masking agents

a.) anabolic agents

According to WADA, EPO, human growth-hormone, insulin-like growth factors, mechano-growth factors, and gonadotropins are what type of banned substance?

a.) anabolic agents
b.) hormones and related substances
c.) Beta-2 agonists
d.) stimulants
e.) diuretics and other masking agents

b.) hormones and related substances

According to WADA, aromatase inhibitors, serms, and agents with anti-estrogenic activity are what type of banned substance?

a.) anabolic agents
b.) hormones and related substances
c.) Beta-2 agonists
d.) stimulants
e.) diuretics and other masking agents

c.) Beta-2 agonists

True or False: stimulants like caffeine and nicotine are banned substances in-competition only.

True

__________ is an administrative route that gets absorbed into the bloodstream at 100% bioavailability.

a.) absorption through capillaries
b.) intravenous administration
c.) oral administration

b.) intravenous administration

True or False: the half-life of 300mg of caffeine is between 4-8 hours.

True

True or False: exercise typically speeds up metabolism and elimination acutely.

False

A ___________ dose-response indicates that there will be no effect until a person has taken a specific amount of a drug, which is when it will steadily increase. a.) linear response b.) threshold response c.) sigmold curve d.) saturation (plateau) response

b.) threshold response

True or False: the margin of safety is determined by the difference between the amount of drug necessary to cause a therapeutic or intended effect, and the toxic unintended effect.

True

A _________ drug response occurs when the drug response is more than the combined effect of two drugs together. a.) additive b.) synergistic c.) competitive d.) antagonistic

b.) synergistic

A _________ drug response occurs when the drug response is somewhere in between the effects of two drugs separately. a.) additive b.) synergistic c.) competitive d.) antagonistic

c.) competitive

A _________ drug response occurs when the drug response is less than either of the effects of two drugs separately. a.) additive b.) synergistic c.) competitive d.) antagonistic

d.) antagonistic

True or False: a drug that enters the body orally has first-pass metabolism.

True

According to the records of FDA Warning Letters, _____________ have the highest amount of adulterated ingredients, followed by __________________. a.) sexual enhancement companies; sports supplements and weight loss. b.) sexual enhancement companies; weight loss and sports supplements c.) weight loss; sports supplements and sexual enhancement companies d.) sports supplements; sexual enhancement companies and weight loss

b.) sexual enhancement companies; weight loss and sports supplements

True or False: An athlete with Type 2 Diabetes must register their insulin as a therapeutic exemption with WADA.

True

___________ is responsible for drug testing most professional sports organizations, besides the MLB, NBA and NFL. a.) WADA b.) IOC c.) Drug Free Sport

a.) WADA

Recreational steroids were banned in _______ under the Anti-Drug Abuse Act. a.) 1972 b.) 1988 c.) 1990 d.) 1994

b.) 1988

True or False: A Form 483 letter does not represent the FDA's final determination regarding compliance.

True

________ possesses primary responsibility over dietary supplement advertising (print, infomercials, etc). a.) FTC b.) FDA c.) WADA

a.) FTC

_______ possesses primary responsibility over dietary supplement claims in labeling. a.) FTC b.) FDA c.) WADA

b.) FDA

Which of the following could occur if a company does not respond to a Form 483 letter within 15 days? a.) mandatory recall b.) seizure c.) arrest d.) warning letter e.) all of the above

e.) all of the above

True or False: WADA was founded in 1999 during a meeting for IOC, but did not start Olympic Testing until 2004.

True

True or False: DSHEA requires the manufacturer or distributor to notify the FDA if they intend to market a supplement that contains a new dietary ingredient.

True

True or False: Until 2008, the manufacturer or distributor of a supplement were not required to record, investigate or forward any reports of injuries or illnesses to the FDA that may be related to their product.

True

What is the most common infraction for companies that violate the Good Manufacturing Processes? a.) not establishing product specifications for identity, purity, strength or composition of the supplement b.) not establishing or following written procedures for quality control operations c.) not producing batch records

a.) not establishing product specifications for identity, purity, strength or composition of the supplement