Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

N401 > EXAM 2 > Flashcards

EXAM 2 Flashcards

(78 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Bipolar 1 is what two things

A

MDD
Mania

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is mania

A

Excessive energy/purposeless movement. Restless

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does mania look like in bipolar 1

A

Little to no sleep
Flight of ideas. Racing thoughts
Reckless behavior with $ and sex
Impulsive (labile mood)
Psychosis (hallucinations/delusions)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Bipolar one is diagnosed how

A

MDD for 2 weeks
Mania for 1 week

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Tx for bipolar
2 things
4 med types

A

Hospitalization (bipolar 2 doesnt need)
Calm environment

Meds:
-lithium
-anticonvulsants
-antipsychotics
-benzos for sleep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Bipolar 2
What 2 things
Compared to type 1
Has no what vs type 1
4 episodes

A

MDD
Hypomania (less severe, dont need hospitalization)

Less need for sleep (5-6)
More directed activity

No PSYCHOSIS (hallucinations/delusions)

4 or more episodes in a year= rapid cycling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Bipolar 2 how to diagnose

A

MDD 2 weeks
Hypomania 4 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Cyclothymia (2 years needed)

What does thymia mean
What two things it has
What causes a mood episode
Has a strong what component

A

Thymia=low level/ long lasting

Mild-moderate depression
Hypomania

Stress/sleep precipitate mood episodes

Bipolar has a strong genetic component

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Can antidepressants be used to treat bipolar?

A

Yes with a mood stabilizer to prevent mania/hypomania.

Used very cautiously for pt with bipolar 1

Risk of triggering flipping into hypomania/mania

SSRIs are used on when pt is stabilized bc it can flip them into a manic state

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Lithium (ONLY TRUE MOOD STABILIZER)
Narrow therapuetic index
Hard on what two organs
SE

A

0.6-1.2 is normal
More aggressive tx is 1-1.5

Hard on kidneys and thyroid

SE:
Fine hand tremors
GI distress (nausea)
Thrist
Polyuria
Wt gain
Lethargy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Anticonvulsant meds

A

Valporic acid

Carbamazepine

Lamotrigine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Valporic acid

SEs
Needs

A

Get enzymes due to:
Liver
Pancreatitis

GI
Thrombocytopenia
Wt gain
Teratogenic

Need labs monitored

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Carbamazepine

Careful with what

SEs

Need what

A

Careful with heart issues

SEs:
Leukopenia
Thrombocytopenia
SJS

Need labs monitored

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Lamotrigine(safest most tolerated)

Risk for what
If miss how many days you have to do what
SEs

A

Risk for benign rash/SJS

If miss 5 days of meds, need to restart titration

SE:
Tremors
HA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Antipsychotics

A

1stgen
EPS/NMS

2ndgen
Ziprasidone and lorasidone (take with food)
Queitapine (wt gain/sedation)
Olanzapine (wt gain)
Risperidone (prolactin and breast issues)
Clozapine (agranulocytosis, NEED LABS)

3rdgen
Aripiprazole (akathesia)

Review on pharm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

NMS symptoms

A

BAD FEvER

Labile bp

Led pipe rigidity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

EPS

A

Acute Dystonia

Psudoparkinsons

Akathesia

Tardive dyskinesia (could be irreversible)

Antidote: benzotropine, diphenhydromine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Hypomania vs mania

A

Mania need a week
Hypomania needs 4 days

Mania: excessive energy/purposeless movement
Restless
Needs hospitalization

Hypomania: less severe.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Dythmia (persistent depressive disorder)
What it looks like

To diagnose

A

Low mood
Mild-moderate depression (not as severe as MDD)
Long lasting

To diagnose:
Adults - 2 years
Children/adolescents - 1 year

2 or more for the following symptoms:
Appetite change
Sleep change
Low energy
Low self-esteem
Poor concentration
Feelings of hopelessness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Premenstrual dysphoric disorder

Symptoms

A

Depressed mood
Anxiety
Mood swings
Decreased interest in activities

Improved mood with end of menses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Seasonal affective disorder (SAD)

When, what
Tx

A

Nov-April

Lower mood

Tx:
Vit d
Light therapy
SSRI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

major depressive disorder
Symptoms

A

Depressed mood / irritable / saddness
Anhedonia (without pleasure)
Isolating
Crying
Numbness
Change in appetite and sleep
Anergia (decreased energy)
Impaired in ADLs
Imparied concentration
Avolition (without motivation)
Anger
Guilt/hopelessness/helplessness (risk for suicide)
Slowed speech

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

MDD need to be present for how long to diagnose

A

2 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

MDD tx

A

SSRIs take 4-6 weeks

ECT-induced seizures (need informed consent, NPO @ midnight), can cause memory loss

CBT

Therapeutic communication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
ECT is good for what
Acutely suicidal psychotic depression (depression with psychosis diagnosis)
26
CBT
Manage distored thoughts Identify dysfunctional patterns of thinking and behaving Changing automatic thoughts
27
SSRIs Vs SNRIs
SSRI: takes 4-6 weeks to work Citalopram, escitalopram, sertraline, fluvoxamine, paroxatine, fluvoxatine Black box warning: increase energy=suicidal risk SNRIs: Venlafaxin, duloxetine, desvenlafaxine Increase BP, HR
28
Schizophrenia positive symptoms
Things were adding on that wouldnt normally be there in a normal person Delusions Hallucinations Alterations in speech Behavior
29
Schizophrenia delusions What is it Donts Dos
Fixed/false belief Dont: Aruge with them Feed it Do: Focus on underlying feeling (anxiety) Focus on reality/present(hi my name is brendon and i am your nurse and we are here to take care of you)
30
Schizophrenia hallucinations
Sensory (auditory most common), visual, tactile Need to know if it is command hallucinations (voices telling them to do something) for safety Offer your own perception of reality (i understand you see that but i do not)
31
Schizophrenia altered speech
-Word salad (actual words put together dont make sense) -Echolalia (pt repeats back after you) (how are you today. Today today today) -neologism: made up word the pt attaches their own meaning -flight of ideas -loose associatation -clang association (rhyming words)
32
Schizophrenia behaviors Moods 4 movement things
Agitation Aggression Catatonia (reduction in movement) -healthy body person laying in bed and not doing anything -need nurse to do ADLs for them Echopraxia: mimic someones movements Waxy flexibility: pick up arm then its stuck there till moved Posturing: standing in position until moved
33
To diagnose schizophrenia you must have what and for how long
Must have at least 2 positive symptoms (hallucinations, delusions, altered speech, behavior) Addition to the negative symptoms Must meet this for 6 months
34
Schizophrenia negative symptoms
A’s Affect: flat, inappropriate Asociality: less socia Avolition: without motivation Anergia: without energy Apathy: no cares to give Alogia: poverty of speech: sound like a teenager Anhedonia: without pleasure from things that use to
35
Schizoaffective disorder
If pt has schizophrenia and mood disorder (MDD, bipolar)
36
Anosognosia
Lack of insight Unable to understand/perceive illness
37
Controled delusions
Outside forces are contolling actions
38
Erotomanic delusions
A person of higher status is in love with them (not true)
39
Grandiose delusions
Inflated sense of self worth Power or wealth
40
Somatic delusions
A belief about a dysfunctional body part
41
Reference delusions
Something happening in the environment is about them
42
Persecutory delusions
Others are trying to cause harm
43
Rehabilitation care r/t schizophrenia and pyschosis
44
Schizophreniform
If 1-6months then its schizophreniform
45
Schizophrenia tx
Antipsychotic/Neruoleptic 1st gen: heavy block dopamine (LAIS) Great risk of EPS Can cause NMS 2nd gen Risperidone: prolactin, breast issues Quetiapine, olanzapine Lorazidone, ziprasidone (with food) Clozapine (agranulocytosis, NEED LABS) ALL cause Wt gain 3rd gen: aripiprazole Less risk of EPS (akathesia)
46
Schizophrenia neurotranmittors
Dopamine
47
Arachnaphobia Acrophabia Agoraphobia
Arachnaphobia: fear of spiders Acrophabia: fear of heights Agoraphobia: fear of places (going over a bridge)
48
Panic disorder Last how long Four or more of what = diagnosis
Acute anxiety Last 15-30mins Four or more of the following: Palpitations SOB Choking or smothering sensation Chest pain Nausea Feeling of depersonalization Fear of dying or insanity Chills or hot flashes
49
Seperation anxiety
Anxiety at being seperated from individuals Symptoms Ha Nausea Sleep disturbance
50
GAD Generalized anxiety disorder How to diagnose May include what symptoms
Uncontrollable, excessive worry for majority of days over 6 months May include: Restlessness Muscle tension Avoidance of stressful activity Increased time and effort needed to prepare for stuff Procrasination Sleep disturbances
51
OCD
Attempts to suppress persistent thoughts or urges that cause anxiety Can be time consuming Obesseing about something
52
Hoarding disorder
Saving items regardless of value Stress about getting rid of stuff
53
Body dysmorphic disorder
Attempts to conceal a perceived flaw Mirror checking or comparing themselves to others
54
Trichotillomania
Obsessive pulling of the hair
55
Risk factors to: OCD Hoarding disorder Body dysmorphic disorder Trichotillomania
Female (except hoarding) Hyperthyroidism Adverse effect of meds Substance induced or withdrawal
56
How to care for the anxiety and OCD related disorders
Get rapport Assess for comorbid condition or substance use Assess suicide risk Millieu therapy with: Relaxation techniques (breathing, meditation,guided imag) Identify defense mechanisms that interfere with recovery Wait until after acute phase to educate pt Couseling, group therapy, community resources
57
Anxiety and OCD related disorder MEDS
SSRIs SNRIs Beta blockers (propranolol) Antihistamins Anticonvulsants (mood stabilizer) Antianxiety medsL Benzos (short term) lorazapam, diazapam, alprazolam Buspirone (long term)
58
anxiety and OCD r/t disorders Therapies: Relaxation Modeling Systematic desensitization Flooding Response prevention Thought stopping
Relaxation training Modeling (when you get the urge to do this, do this instead) Systematic desensitization (introducing something slowly till phobia goes away) Flooding: putting it out there fast to get rid of phobia Response prevention: Teach new response when they get anxious Thought stopping: help them to get themselves to stop thinking about it
59
Benzodiapines concerns
Sedation Substance abuse
60
Acute stress disorder
Exposure to traumatic event so what happens right after
61
Adjustment disorder
Need to adjust causes anxiety
62
Dissociative disorders Depersonalized/derealization disorder Dissociative amnesia Dissociative fugue Dissociative identity disorder
Depersonalized d/o: feeling out of your body or dont feel real Amnesia: stress so much you cant remember traumatic event Fugue: type of amnesia, dont know identity or what is going on around you Identity d/o: having more than one identity
63
Risk factors for: ASD, PTSD, Adjustment d/o, dissociative d/os
Exposure to traumatic event Exposure to trauma during natural disaster Exposure to trauma in occupational setting Living thru traumatic experience of a loved one
64
PTSD is a RF for what other d/o
Dissociated disorders Anxiety Depression Substance use disorders
65
RF of ASD and PTSD
Sevverity of trauma Individuals vulnerabilities Insufficient tx
66
RF of Adjusment disorder
Pattern of lifelong difficulty accepting change Learning pattern of difficulty with social skills or coping
67
RF of dissociative disorder
Traumatic event Childhood abuse or trauma
68
ASD/PTSD symptoms
Flashbacks Night time dreams Avoidance of things that bring memory back Avoid thinking of event Anxiety or depression disorder Decreased interest in activities Guilt Detachment from others Inability to express emotions (love and tenderness) Dissociative: amnesia, derealization, depersonalization
69
ASD/PTSD behaviors
Agression, irritability, anger Hypervigilance with heightened startle Sleep disturbances Destructive behaviors (suicidal or harming others)
70
Adjustment disorder symptoms
Depression/anxiety Changes in behavior (arguing either others, driving erratically)
71
How to caree for ASD/PTSD and adjustment disorder
Therapeutic relationship Non-threatinging environment Asses SI and HI Anxiety relief: Music therapy, guided imagery, massage, relaxation, breathing techniques If child, involve caregiver
72
How to care for dissociative disorders
Make decisions that can lower stress Encourage independence Use grounding techniques like having client clap hands or touch an object Avoid giving too much info about the past Teach pt to verbalized negative feelings
73
What meds for adjustment disorder
None
74
Meds for anxiety disorders and dissociative disorders 2 SSRI 1 SRNI 2 TCAs 2 that effect cardiac
Antidepressants: Paroxetine and sertraline (SSRIs) Venaflaxine (SRNIs) Mirtazapine and Amitriptyline (TCAs) Prazosin (can cause orthostatic HOTN) Propranolol: HOTN RISK
75
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) Use Done with what Contra indications 5
For PTSD Done with rapid eye movement CI: Sucidal Psychosis Severe disociation Visual issues On substances
76
3 therapies for dissociation
Somatic therapy Hypotherapy Biofeedback/neurofeedback
77
What to educate anxiety and dissociative disorder pt on
Relaxation techniques Avoid caffeine and alcohol Perform grounding techniques (claping hands) for dissociative disorders
78
Recovery model r/t mental illness

N401 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions