Exam 2 Flashcards
(204 cards)
1
Q
MIS Infrastructure
A
Includes the
plans for how a firm will build, deploy,
use, and share its data, processes,
and MIS assets
2
Q
What are the different types of MIS Infrastructure
A
- hardware
- software
- network
- client
- server
3
Q
Information MIS Infra
A
Supports Operations
- backup, disaster recovery plan
4
Q
Backup
A
an exact cope of a system’s information
5
Q
Recovery
A
the ability to get a system up and running in the event of a system crash or failure
6
Q
Types of recovery
A
- fault tolerance
- failover
- failback
7
Q
Agile MIS Infra
A
supports change
- accessibility, availability
8
Q
Sustainable MIS Infra
A
supports the environment
- cloud computing, visualization
9
Q
disaster recovery plan
A
a detailed process for recovering information or an IT system in the event of a catastrophic disaster such as a fire or flood
10
Q
disaster recovery cost curve
A
1) Chart the cost to the organization of the unavailability of information and technology
2) the cost to the organization of recovering from a disaster over time
11
Q
the disaster recover plan in terms of cost and time occurs when…
A
- the cost to your organization of the unavailability of information and technology crosses the cost to your organization to recover from a disaster
12
Q
hot site
A
a separate and fully equipped facility where the company can move immediately after a disaster and resume business
13
Q
cold site
A
a separate facility that does not have any computer equipment but is a place where employees can move after a disaster
14
Q
warm site
A
a separate facility with computer equipment that requires installation and configuration
15
Q
Business continuity planning (BCP)
A
a plan for how an organization will recover and restore partially or completely interrupted critical functions within a predetermined time after a disaster or extended disruption
16
Q
emergency
A
a sudden unexpected event requiring immediate action
17
Q
emergency prepardness
A
ensures a company is ready to respond to an emergency in an organized, timely and effective manner
18
Q
4 parts of Business continuity plan
A
- disaster recovery plan
- technology recovery strategies
- business impact analysis
- emergency notification services
19
Q
Technology Recovery Strategies
A
- Hardware
- Software
- Networking
- Data Center
20
Q
Technology Recovery Strategies: HARDWARE
A
applications such as email, payroll and instant messaging
21
Q
Technology Recovery Strategies SOFTWARE
A
servers, computers, wireless devices
22
Q
Technology Recovery Strategies: NETWORKING
A
wireless, LAN, fiber, cable
23
Q
Technology Recovery Strategies: DATA CENTER
A
climate control, power supply, security
24
Q
business impact analysis
A
identifies all critical business functions and the effect that a specific disaster may have upon them
25
technology failure
occurs when the ability of a company to operate is impaired because of a hardware, software or data outage
26
incident
unplanned interruption of a service
27
incident management
the process responsible for managing how incidents are identified and corrected
28
Characteristics of an agile MIS infrastructure
- Accessibility.
* Availability.
* Maintainability.
* Portability.
* Reliability.
* Scalability.
* Usability.
29
accessibility
refers to the varying levels that define what a user can access, view or perform when operating a system
30
web accessibility
allows people with disabilities to use the Web
31
administrator access
unrestricted access to the entire system
32
availability
time frames when the system is operational
33
unavailable
time frame when a system is not operating and cannot be used
34
high availability
system is continuously operational at all times
35
maintainability
how quickly a system can transform to support environmental changes
36
what must organizations do when designing and building systems today?
watch today's business as well as tomorrows
37
What should systems be to meet all types of business changes
flexible
38
portability
the ability of an application to operate on different devices or software platforms
- applications want to operate on as many devices as possible
39
reliability
ensures a system is functioning correctly and providing accurate information
40
Reliability is another term for...
accuracy when discussing the correctness of systems within the context of efficiency IT metrics
41
Vulnerability
a system weakness that can be exploited by a threat
42
scalability
how well a system can scale up, or adapt to the increased demands of growth
43
performance
measures how quickly a system performs a process or transaction
44
capacity planning
determine future environmental infrastructure requirements to ensure high-quality system performance
45
usability
the degree to which a system is easy to learn and efficient and satisfying to use
46
serviceability
how quickly a third-party can change a system to ensure it meets their needs and the terms of any contracts including agreed levels of reliability, maintainability or availability
47
Moore's Law
Refers to the
computer chip performance per
dollar doubles every 18 months.
48
Sustainable or "green" MIS
Describes the production,
management, use, and disposal of technology in a way that minimizes damage to the environment.
49
corporate social responsibility
Companies’ acknowledged
responsibility to society
50
Three Primary Side
Effects Of Businesses’
Expanded Use Of
Technology
- Increased Electronic Waste
- Increased Energy Consumption
- Increased Carbon Emissions
51
E-waste
refers to discarded, obsolete or broken electronic devices
52
Sustainable MIS disposal
refers to the safe disposal of MIS assets at the end of their life cycle
53
Energy consumption
the amount
of energy consumed by business processes and systems.
54
a huge increase in technology uses causes
amplified energy consumption
55
The energy consumed by a computer is estimated to produce as much as
_____ percent of the amount of _____________.
10; carbon dioxide produced by an automobile
56
carbon emissions
carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide produced by business processes and systems
57
How much power can a single desktop computer and monitor consume
at least 100 watts of power per hour
58
Components of a Sustainable MIS Infrastructure: Supporting the Environment
- grid computing
- virtualized computing
- cloud computing
59
grid computing
a collection of computers, often geographically dispersed that are coordinated to solve a common problem
60
Virtualization
Creates multiple
“virtual” machines on a single computing device
61
data center
A facility used to
house management information systems and associated components, such as telecommunications and
storage systems
62
Sustainable data centers...
* Reduces carbon emissions.
* Reduces required floor Space.
* Chooses Geographic location.
63
multi-tenancy
The cloud means that a
single instance of a system serves
multiple customers
64
single-tenancy
Each customer or
tenant must purchase and maintain an
individual system
65
cloud fabric
The software that makes
possible the benefits of cloud computing,
such as multi-tenancy
66
on-demand self service
users can increase storage and processing power as needed
67
broad network access
all devices can access data and applications
68
multi-tenancy: cloud computing
customers share pooled computing resources
69
rapid elasticity
storage, network bandwidth, and computing capacity can be increased or decreased immediately, allowing for optimal scalability
70
measured service
clients can monitor and measure transactions and use of resources
71
private cloud
bank, government
72
public cloud
amazon, windows
73
hybrid cloud
private cloud of the company and a public cloud for customers, suppliers and partners
74
community cloud
private hospital
75
abreivations
SAAS: Canvas
PAAS: Facebook
INFAAS: access to raw computing
76
INFAAS vs, SAAS
the degree in control over the resources you need as an organization
77
data
is everywhere in an
organization
78
what do employees do with data?
must be able to obtain
and analyze the many different
levels, formats, and granularities
of organizational data to make decisions
79
collecting data can...
provide tremendous insight into
how an organization is performing
80
data levels
individual knowledge, department enterprise
81
data formats
document, presentation, spreadsheet, database
82
granularities
summary; reports for each salesperson, product and/or part
83
4 types of primary traits of the value of data
1. Data type
2. Data timeliness
3. Data quality
4. Data Governance
84
transactional data
Encompasses
all of the data contained within a
single business process or unit of
work, and its primary purpose is to
support the performing of daily
operational tasks
85
analytical data
Encompasses all
organizational data, and its primary
purpose is to support the performing
of managerial analysis tasks
86
examples of transactional data
airline ticket, sales receipt, packing slip
87
examples of analytical data
product statistics, sales projections, trends, future growth
88
Real-time data
Immediate,
up-to-date data
89
Real-time system
Provides
real-time data in response to requests.
90
data inconsistency
Occurs
when the same data element has
different values
91
data integrity issues
Occur when a system produces incorrect,
inconsistent, or duplicate data
92
Characteristics of High Quality-Data
- accurate
- complete
- consistent
-timely
-unique
93
The four primary sources of low
quality data include....
1. Customers intentionally enter inaccurate data to protect their privacy
2. Different entry standards and formats
3. Operators enter abbreviated or
erroneous data by accident or to
save time
4. Third party and external data contains inconsistencies,
inaccuracies, and errors
94
Potential business effects resulting
from low quality data include
- inability to accurately track
customers.
* Difficulty identifying valuable
customers.
* Inability to identify selling
opportunities.
* Marketing to nonexistent
customers.
* Difficulty tracking revenue.
* Inability to build strong customer
relationships.
95
the benefits of good data
High quality data can
significantly improve the
chances of making a good
decision.
* Good decisions can directly
impact an organization's bottom
line.
96
data steward
responsible for
ensuring data policies and
procedures are implemented
across an organization
97
Data governance
Refers to the overall
management of the availability, usability,
integrity, and security of company data
98
Master data management (MDM)
The
practice of gathering data and ensuring that it is
uniform, accurate, consistent, and complete,
including such entities as customers, suppliers,
products, sales, employees, and other critical
entities that are commonly integrated across
organizational systems
99
data validation
Includes the tests and
evaluations used to determine compliance with data governance polices to ensure correctness of
data
100
database
maintains data
about various types of objects
(inventory), events
(transactions), people
(employees), and places
(warehouses)
101
Database management systems (DBMS)
Allows users to
create, read, update, and delete data in a relational database
102
data element
smallest basic unit of data
103
data model
Logical data
structures that detail the
relationships among data
elements using graphics or
pictures
104
metadata
details about data
105
data dictionary
Compiles all of
the metadata about the data
elements in the data model.
106
Entity
A person, place, thing, transaction, or
event about which data is stored.
107
Attribute (field, column)
The data elements
associated with an entity.
108
primary key
A field (or group of fields) that
uniquely identifies a given entity in a table
109
foreign key
A primary key of one table that
appears an attribute in another table and acts
to provide a logical relationship among the two
tables
110
Database Advantages
- increased flexibility
- increased performance
- increased data integrity
- reduced data redundance
- increased data security
111
Database Advantages: INCREASD FLEXIBILITY
- Have only one physical view -
Deals with the physical
storage of data on a storage
device.
* Have multiple logical views –
Focuses on how individual
users logically access data to
meet their own particular
112
data redundancy
The duplication of data or storing
the same data in multiple
places
- Inconsistency is one of the
primary problems with redundant
data
113
data integriity
measures the
quality of data
114
integrity constraint
rules that help ensure the quality of data
115
access level
Determines who
has access to the different types
of data
116
access control
Determines
types of user access, such as
read-only access
117
which data is difficult to access
organizational
118
organizational data
- contains
structured data in database
- contains
unstructured data such as voice
mail, phone calls, text messages,
and video clips
119
Problem with Data and Information
Even in today’s electronic
world, managers struggle with
the challenge of turning their
business data into business
intelligence
120
Solution to problem with data and information is Data aggregation which is...
Improving the quality of
business decisions has a direct
impact on costs and revenue
121
Data Warehouse
A logical
collection of data – gathered
from many different operational
databases – that supports
business analysis activities and
decision-making tasks.
aggregate data
throughout an organization into
a single repository for decision-
making purposes
provided the ability to support decision making without disrupting the day-to-day operations
122
Reasons business analysis is
difficult from operational
systems
* Inconsistent Data Definitions.
* Lack of Data Standards.
* Poor Data Quality.
* Inadequate Data Usefulness.
* Ineffective Direct Data
Access
123
Data Aggregation
Collection of
data from various sources for the
purpose of data processing
124
Extraction, transformation, and
loading (ETL)
A process that
extracts data from internal and
external databases, transforms the data using a common set of
enterprise definitions, and loads the data into a data warehouse
125
data mart
subset of data warehouse data
126
data cube
The
common term for
the
representation of
multidimensional
data
127
data lake
A storage repository
that holds a vast amount of raw
data in its original format until
the business needs it
128
dirty data
Erroneous or
flawed data
129
data cleaning or scrubbing
A process that
weeds out and fixes or
discards inconsistent,
incorrect, or incomplete data
130
dirty data examples
- duplicated data
- incorrect data
- misleading data
131
Data: Visualization
- Describes
technologies that allow users to
“see” or visualize data to
transform data into a business
perspective
Data artists
use
infographics to
display
patterns,
relationships,
and trends in a
visual format
132
data visualization tools
Move beyond Excel graphs and
charts into sophisticated analysis
techniques such as pie charts,
controls, instruments, maps,
time-series graphs, and more
133
Business intelligence
dashboards
Track
corporate metrics such as
critical success factors and
key performance indicators
and include advanced
capabilities such as
interactive controls allowing
users to manipulate data for
analysis
134
distributed computing
Processes and
manages algorithms
across many
machines in a
computing
environment
135
ledger
Records classified and
summarized transactional data.
136
blockchain
A type of
distributed ledger, consisting of
blocks of data that maintain a
permanent and tamper-proof
record of transactional data
137
proof-of-work
A requirement to define an
expensive computer calculation, also called
mining, that needs to be performed in order to
create a new group of trustless transactions
(blocks) on the distributed ledger or
blockchain
138
Proof-of-work has two primary goals:
1. To verify the legitimacy of a transaction, or
avoid the so-called double-spending
2. To create new digital currencies by
rewarding miners for performing the
previous task
139
blockchain
Formed by linking
together blocks, data structures
containing a hash, previous hash,
and data
140
genesis block
The first block
created in the blockchain
141
hash
A function that converts an
input of letters and numbers into
an encrypted output of a fixed
length
142
proof of stake
A
way to validate
transactions and
achieve a distributed
consensus
143
blockchain advantages
* Immutability.
* Digital Trust.
* Internet of Things
Integration.
144
Local area network (LAN)
Connects a group of computers in close
proximity, such as in an office building,
school, or home
145
Wide area network (WAN)
Spans a
large geographic area such as a state,
province, or country
146
Metropolitan area network (MAN)
A large computer network usually
spanning a city
147
mobile
Means the technology can travel
with the user. For instance, users can
download software, email messages, and
web pages onto a laptop or other mobile
device for portable reading or reference
148
mobile business
The ability to purchase
goods and services through a wireless
Internet-enabled device
149
wireless
Refers to any type of operation
accomplished without the use of a hard-
wired connection
150
Wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi)
A means by
which portable devices can connect
wirelessly to a local area network, using
access points that send and receive
data via radio waves
151
wifi infrastructure
includes the
inner workings of a Wi-Fi service or
utility, including the signal transmitters,
towers, or poles and additional
equipment required to send out a Wi-Fi signal.
152
bandwidth
The maximum
amount of data that can pass
from one point to another in a
unit of time
153
bit
The smallest element of
data and has a value of either 0
or 1
154
bit rate
The number of bits
transferred or received per unit
of time
155
Wireless Networks
- PANS
- WLANS
- WMAN
- WWAN
156
Personal area networks
(PAN)
Provide communication
over a short distance that is
intended for use with devices
that are owned and operated by a single user.
157
Bluetooth
Wireless PAN
technology that transmits
signals over short distances
between cell phones,
computers, and other devices
158
Wireless Lan (WLAN)
A local area network that uses
radio signals to transmit and
receive data over distances of a
few hundred feet.
159
access point q
The computer or
network device that serves an as
interface between devices and the
network
160
wireless access point
Enables
devices to connect to a wireless
network to communicate with each
other
161
multiple in/multiple out technology
Multiple transmitters
and receivers allowing them to send
and receive greater amounts of data
than traditional networking devices
162
Wireless MAN (WMAN)
A
metropolitan area network that
uses radio signals to transmit
and receive data
163
Worldwide Interoperability
for Microwave Access
(WiMAX)
A communications
technology aimed at providing
high-speed wireless data over
metropolitan area networks.
164
Wireless WAN (WWAN)
A wide
area network that uses radio
signals to transmit and receive
data.
Access the text alternative for slide images.
16
165
streaming
A method of
sending audio and video files
over the Internet in such a way
that the user can view the file
while it is being transferred
166
streaming data
Data that is
generated continuously by
thousands of data sources,
which typically send in the data
records simultaneously, and in
small sizes (order of kilobytes).
17
167
Smart Phone
Offer more advanced
computing ability and connectivity than
basic cell phones
168
5G
The fifth-generation wireless
broadband technology that will greatly
increase the speed and responsiveness
of wireless networks
169
WIFI 6
The
next generation
of Wi-Fi expected
to operate at 9.6
Gbps
170
Satellite
A space
station that orbits
the Earth receiving
and transmitting
signals from Earth-
based stations over a
wide area
171
actor
An entity that is capable
of participating in an action or a
network
172
bad actor
An entity that is
participating with ill intentions
173
Wired equivalent privacy (WEP)
An encryption algorithm designed to protect
wireless transmission data.
174
Wi-Fi protected access (WPA)
- A wireless
security protocol to protect Wi-Fi networks
175
war chalking
The practice of tagging
pavement with codes displaying where Wi-
Fi access is available.
176
war driving
Deliberately searching for
Wi-Fi signals while driving by in a vehicle
177
SSL Certificate
An electronic
document that confirms the identity of a
website or server and verifies that a
public key belongs to a trustworthy
individual or company.
178
Secure hypertext transfer protocol
(SHTTP or HTTPS)
A combination of
HTTP and SSL to provide encryption and
secure identification of an Internet
server
179
It Consumerization
The
blending of personal and
business use of technology
devices and applications.
180
pervasive computing
The
growing trend of embedding
computer capabilities into
everyday objects to make them
effectively communicate and
perform useful tasks in a way
that minimizes the end user‘s
need to interact with computers
as computers
181
Enterprise mobility
management (EMM) -
An
enterprise wide security strategy
to enforce corporate epolicies
while enabling employee use of
mobile devices such as smart
phones and tablets
182
Mobile application
management (MAM)
A
security strategy that administers
and enforces corporate epolicies
for applications on mobile
devices
183
mobile application development
The set of
processes and procedures
involved in writing software for
use on wireless devices
184
Mobile information
management (MIM)
-A security
strategy that involves keeping
sensitive data encrypted and
allowing only approved
applications to access or transmit
it
185
Fast data
The application of big
data analytics to smaller data sets
in near real or real time in order to
solve a problem or create business value
186
There are three key security
considerations to keep in mind as
you enter the wireless world:
1, Start with the right equipment
2. Make security an ongoing
process, not a one-time event
3. Understand that not all
threats are purposeful
187
digital divide
A worldwide
gap giving advantage to those
with access to technology
188
Areas
experiencing
tremendous
growth using
wireless
technologies
include.
- radio refrequency identification
- global positioning
- geogrpahic infomraiton
189
Radio frequency identification
(RFID)
Uses electronic tags and
labels to identify objects wirelessly
over short distances
190
RFID tag
An electronic
identification device that is made
up of a chip and antenna
191
RFID reader
A
transmitter/receiver that reads the
contents of RFID tags in the area
192
Global positioning system (GPS)
A
satellite-based navigation system providing
extremely accurate position, time, and
speed information
193
Automatic vehicle location (AVL)
Uses
GPS tracking to track vehicles
194
Geocache
A GPS technology adventure
game that posts the longitude and latitude
location for an item on the Internet for
users to find
195
Geocoin
round coin-sized object is unqiuely numbered and hidden geocache
196
(ETA)
Estimated time of arrival
197
Estimated time en route (ETE)
t he
time remaining before reaching a
destination using the present speed
198
Geographic information
system (GIS)
Consists of
hardware, software, and data that
provide location information for
display on a multidimensional
map
199
Cartography
The science and
art of making an illustrated map or
chart
200
GIS map automation
Links
business assets to a centralized
system where they can be tracked
and monitored over time
201
Spatial data
Identifies the
geographic location of features
and boundaries on Earth, such as
natural or constructed features,
oceans, and more
202
geocoding
Spatial databases is
a coding process that assigns a
digital map feature to an attribute
that serves as a unique ID (tract
number, node number) or
classification (soil type, zoning
category)
203
location based services (LBS)
applications that uses location information to provide a service
204
