Exam 2

Question 1

What is race?

Answer 1

A collection of physical traits deemed by society to be socially significant

Question 2

What is ethnicity?

Answer 2

Characteristics of groups associated with national origins, languages, and cultural and religious practicies

Question 3

What are stereotypes?

Answer 3

Perceived notions about the behavior, attitude, looks, feelings and motives of a group or people

Question 4

What is prejudice?

Answer 4

Negative or hostile attitude toward another group (arises out of stereotypes)

Question 5

What is discrimination?

Answer 5

Unequal treatment because of their social group

Question 6

What is sex?

Answer 6

Refers to biological differences

Question 7

What is gender?

Answer 7

Expectations and roles that males and females are expected to fill

Question 8

What is gender identity?

Answer 8

Whether a person identifies as man, woman, neither

Question 9

What is cisgender?

Answer 9

One’s gender identity corresponds to biological category and heterosexual

Question 10

What is a minority group?

Answer 10

A category of people with relative disadvantage in society

Question 11

What is a patriarchy?

Answer 11

Society organized around male privilege and heirarchy

Question 12

What is sexualism?

Answer 12

The beliefs and social relations holding men are superior to women

Question 13

What is paternalism?

Answer 13

The view that women need protection and are not fully responsible for their actions

Question 14

What is chivalry?

Answer 14

The reluctance to inflict harm on a woman accompanied by unwillingness to believe that women could possess criminal intent

Question 15

What is mysogyny?

Answer 15

Organized, institutionalized, normalized, hostility and violence toward women

Question 16

What is misandry?

Answer 16

Hatred of men

Question 17

What are gender norms?

Answer 17

The rules and guidelines associated with the performance of gender

Question 18

What are gender sterotypes?

Answer 18

Preconceived, generalized views about how members of a certain gender do or should behave

Question 19

What are mandatory arrest policies?

Answer 19

Increased arrests for men and women

Question 20

What things resulted from mandatory arrest policies?

Answer 20

Arrests of black women increased 3x that of white women
Women are 43% of all DV arrests

Question 21

What are primary aggressor laws?

Answer 21

Police determine who the primary aggressor is and make an arrest

Question 22

What things resulted from primary aggressor laws?

Answer 22

Police became reluctant to make any arrest
Failed to increase dual arrests
Did not decrease disparities across race and sexual orientation

Question 23

What is adultification?

Answer 23

Black boys and girls are often perceived as being older than their years (school-to-prison pipeline)

Question 24

What is the common law rule?

Answer 24

No divorce unless
- adultery
- abandonment
- imprisonment
- cruelty and abuse

Question 25

What is no fault divorce?

Answer 25

Irreconcilable differences - no need to prove fault

Question 26

What was the Obergefell v. Hodges decision?

Answer 26

Due process clause --> protects right to marry Equal protection clause --> gender

Question 27

What did Obergefell v. Hodges tell us?

Answer 27

Courts will use heightened scrutiny to evaluate issues of discriminations based on sexual orientation

Question 28

What was the Bostock v. Clayton County decision?

Answer 28

Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 protects employees against discrimination because of sexuality or gender identity

Question 29

What is victim blaming?

Answer 29

When the responsibility of the crime is shifted from the offender to the victim

Question 30

What is the just world hypothesis?

Answer 30

People in society get what they deserve

Question 31

What is victimology?

Answer 31

The study of victimization

Question 32

What is Rarity Theory?

Answer 32

Victims who are "ideal" (female, children, elderly), stories that are unusual, or stories tat involve more than one victim are considered newsworthy

Question 33

What is Devaluation Theory?

Answer 33

Portrayals of victims of crime as white in the media feeds into predicting perceptions of the exaggerated fear of victimization for whites

Question 34

What is Victim Precipitation Theory?

Answer 34

Some people may initiate the confrontation that eventually leads to their injury or death