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HDFS 325 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Health (WHO definition)

A

dynamic state of complete physical, mental, spiritual and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or illness

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2
Q

Physical health

A

Bodily aspect of health

Efficient functioning of the body and its systems

Capacity to perform physical functions (eating, walking, talking, exercising)

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3
Q

Mental health

A

State of well-being

Can cope with the normal stresses of life

Can work productively and fruitfully

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4
Q

Social/psychosocial health

A

Ability to interact with others/participate in community

Independent and cooperative manner

Family and interpersonal relationships

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5
Q

Healthcare

A

the business, industry, institution of activity offering medical services

The set of medical services that an organization or country provides

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6
Q

Health care

A

a set of actions by a person to maintain or improve a patient’s health

Ex: patient care, medical care, preventative care

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7
Q

Pediatrics

A

the branch of medicine addressing health and medical care for infants, children and teens from birth up to age 18 years

(American Academy of Pediatrics extends it to 21 years old)

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8
Q

Pediatrician

A

specifically trained medical doctors who work with infants, childrens and adolescents

Established in the late 1800s and early 1900s

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9
Q

What were the main causes of death prior to 1950?

A

Lack of standardized training for doctors

Lack of regulation in pharmaceutical care

Treatment options had not been discovered

Contagious diseases

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10
Q

Infant mortality

A

the death of children under the age of 1 from birth

Reported in # of deaths per 1,000 live births

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11
Q

Public health

A

the science of protecting and improving the health of people (entire populations) and their communities

Focuses on prevention, rather than treatment

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12
Q

Welfare

A

the health, happiness and fortunes of a person or group
Ex: principles of hygiene, plumbing and housing for children and families

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13
Q

Public health strategies to prevent infant mortality (18-19th century)

A

Milk stations, Nursue home visit programs, school nurses

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14
Q

Sheppard-Towner Maternity and Infant Act (1921)

A

Authorized the federal government to grant funds to states for infant and maternal welfare

Decreased infant mortality rate

Was not renewed by Congress and defunded by 1929
- act could only address the social aspect of health care
- Medical providers thought the act would threaten their jobs so it prevented the act from addressing medical care
- pediatricans and other organizations were not united

American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) was founded as a result

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15
Q

Child mortality

A

death of children for any reasons between the ages 0-19 years old

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16
Q

Title V of the Social Security ACT (SSA)
(1935)

A

Roosevelt’s New Deal to stabilize the economy

Provided funding to the states

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17
Q

Title V became the Maternal and Child Health (MCH) Block Grant Program
(1981)

A

State creates programs and priorities based on individual needs

More hands-off approach from the federal government

States have the ability to allocate funding

Still around today

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18
Q

US vs other developed nations on child mortality

A

By 1990s and 2000s the US ranked the lowest of all twenty nations in terms of child mortality
- US outspends other nations on healthcare

Gap between US and other nations grows more gradual after the 1980s ( less than age 1)

Gap between US and nations gradual after 1970s
(Ages 1-19)

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19
Q

Leading causes of death in the US ages 1 to 18 years

A

Suicide
Homicide
Cancer (malignant neoplasms)
Unintentional injury
Congenital abnormalities (birth defects)

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20
Q

Leading cause of death for ages 1-18

A

Unintentional injury

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21
Q

Leading causes of death in the US under age 1

A

Congenital abnormalities (birth defects)
Short gestation (preterm and low birth weight)
Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
Unintentional injury (suffocation)
Maternal pregnancy complications

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22
Q

Leading causes of death ages 1-4

A

Unintentional injury
Congenital abnormalities
Homicide
Cancer
Heart disease

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23
Q

Leading causes of death ages 5-9

A

Unintentional injury
Cancer
Homicide
Congenital abnormalities
Heart disease

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24
Q

Leading causes of death ages 15-24

A

Unintentional injury
Homicide
Suicide
COVID 19
Cancer

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25
Unintentional injury
unplanned events which produce damage to a person Ex: Motor vehicle accidents, falls, burns, drowning
26
Disparity
if a health outcome is seen to a greater or lesser extent between populations
27
Health disparity
a particular type of health difference that is closely linked with social, economic and/or environmental disadvantages
28
Why do health disparities exist?
Low socioeconomic status and lack of education More rural areas have less doctors Cultural differences regarding health care and when to see a doctor Racism can prevent people from having education and seeking out quality medical care
29
Infants (0-1 years old) in the hospital
Completely unaware of effects of illness Limited cognitive capabilities
30
Toddlers (1-3 years old) in the hospital
Beginning to understand illness, but not its cause Concepts of the body are usually limited to the names and locations of some body parts
31
Preschoolers (3-5 years old) in the hospital
Beginning to understand illness, but not its cause Concepts of the body are usually limited to the names and locations of some body parts Concepts of internal organs and body functions are vague May view illness as a form of punishment or something magical
32
School age children (6-12 years old) in the hospital
Understand how germs spread Older school age are better at understanding the reason for illness Better understanding of disease and how organs are affected Gaining understanding of the function of different body parts and organs
33
Adolescents (13-18 years old) in the hospital
Increasingly aware of the physiologic, psychological and behavioral causes of illness and injury Increased understanding that disease may involve several causes and effects Understand that many organs or body parts may be involved with illness Understand how symptoms can be related to certain organ functions of the body
34
Separation anxiety
an infant, toddler or child’s distressed reaction when their caregiver leaves the room Begins to emerge around 6-8 months old
35
Stranger anxiety
wariness and hesitation in response to new people Emerges in the second half of infancy (~8-9 months of age)
36
Infant Stressors in the hospital
Separation anxiety Stranger anxiety Stimulation issues (over or under) Disruption of routine Painful, invasive procedures
37
Toddler Stressors in the hospital
Fear of strangers/new places Separation anxiety and fear of abandonment Fear of losing control May view pain as punishment Immobilization Fear of the dark
38
Preschool Stressors in the hospital
Struggle with reality vs fantasy Fear of long separation from loved ones Fear loss of control Fear of bodily harm Regression of developmental milestones Fear of dark/monsters
39
School age Stressors in the hospital
Loss of independence and competence Loss of bodily function Concerns about pain, death, disability Fear going under anesthesia
40
Adolescent Stressors in the hospital
Separation from peer group Loss of independence and control Invasion of privacy Fear of body image/acceptance Concerns about keeping up with school/activities
41
Patient and family centered care (PFCC)
a philosophy of health care in which a mutually beneficial partnership develops between the patients, families and health care providers
42
Core concepts of PFCC
Dignity and respect Participation/involvement Information sharing Collaboration
43
Family
a self-identified group of two or more people joined together by sharing resources and emotional closeness, whether or not they are related by blood, marriage or adoption or even living in the same household
44
Positive outcomes of PFCC
Better collaboration and stronger alliance between families and health care team Decreased anxiety for both parents and children when parents are present and involved Greater child and family satisfaction with health care
45
Family
a self-identified group of two or more people joined together by sharing resources and emotional closeness, whether or not they are related by blood, marriage or adoption or even living in the same household
46
Attitudinal barriers
personal thoughts/barriers about PFCC
47
Organizational barriers
rules, policies or values within an organization that prevent the use of PFCC
48
Health promotion
activities that increase well-being and enhance wellness or health Assisting people in achieving their positive health potential, even in the presence of chronic or acute illnesses
49
anticipatory guidance
The process of understanding upcoming developmental needs and teaching caregivers to meet those needs
50
Health maintenance (protection)
activities that preserve an individual’s present state of health and prevent disease or injury occurrence Focus on prevention
51
Screening
procedures to detect the possible presence of health conditions before symptoms are apparent
52
Surveillance
ongoing process in which observations are carried out in collaboration with families, specialists, childcare providers and other professionals
53
Health literacy
the degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process and understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions Conventional literacy Numeracy Communication with health care providers Navigating the healthcare system
54
Personal health literacy
the degree to which individuals have the ability to find, understand and use information and services to inform health-related decisions
55
Organizational health literacy
the degree to which organizations equitably enable individuals to find, understand and use information and services to inform health-related decisions
56
What is the #1 leading cause of death among children in the US between ages 1-18?
Unintentional injury
57
Unintentional injury
unplanned events which produce damage to a person No evidence of predetermined intent
58
Sudden unexpected infant death (SUIDs)
sudden and unexpected death of a baby under age 1 Includes deaths that can due to suffocation by soft bedding, overlay, entrapment, strangulation, Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
59
Cultural awareness
a deliberate, cognitive process in which health-care providers become appreciative and sensitive to values, beliefs, lifestyles, practices and problem-solving strategies of clients’ cultures
60
Cultural skill
The ability to collect relevant cultural data regarding clients’ health histories and presenting problems and accurately perform culturally sensitive physical histories
61
Cultural knowledge
The process of seeking and obtaining a sound educational knowledge concerning worldviews of various cultures
62
Cultural encounter
A progress that encourages health-care providers to engage directly in cross-cultural interactions with clients from culturally diverse backgrounds
63
Positive stress response
short lived physiological responses that promote growth and change necessary for healthy development
64
Tolerable stress response
activates the body’s alert system to a greater degree as a result of more severe, longer-lasting difficulties
65
Toxic stress
occurs when a child experiences strong, frequent and/or prolonged adversity
66
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs)
potentially traumatic events that occur in childhood (0-17 years old)
67
What percentage of the population has at least 1 ACE?
67% of the population had at least one ACE
68
Top unintentional injury for under age 1
Unintentional suffocation
69
Top unintentional injury for ages 1-4
Unintentional drowning
70
Top unintentional injury for ages 5-9, 10-14 and 15-24
Unintentional motor vehicle traffic

HDFS 325 (1 decks)

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