Exam 2

Question 1

Atmosphere

Answer 1

Air
Thin layer no more than 12 kilo high

Question 2

Hydrosphere

Answer 2

Water
limited supply of water in rivers, glaciers lakes and underground

Question 3

Lithosphere

Answer 3

Soil
Crust of soil minerals and rocks going 1 thousand meters into earths crust

Question 4

Aerial environment

Answer 4

portion of ecosphere that exists above soil and to the tip of the plant
-Irridiance, temp, atmosphere, organisms

Question 5

Components of aerial environment

Answer 5

irradiance and temp result of thermonuclear radiation from sun

atmosphere pollution harmful to plants

pollinators or pathogens

Question 6

ultimate source of irradiance and ultimate black body ?

Answer 6

solar radiation/the sun

Question 7

Thermonuclear fusion

Answer 7

reactions inside the sun-
Hydrogen converting to Helium

Question 8

Nuclear fission

Answer 8

induced fission reaction
(Uranium 235)

Question 9

bunsen burner color

Answer 9

depends on oxygen supply

Question 10

electromagnetic spectrum

Answer 10

light is both wave and particle

Question 11

how a rainbow forms

Answer 11

bending of light through atmospheric rain droplets results in light moving into respective bands = rainbow

Question 12

photoelectric effect

Answer 12

zinc exposed to UV light releases electrons and becomes + charge.
These e create electrical current that can be measured
(the turn circle video from class)

Question 13

quantum theory

Answer 13

quantum energy of wavelength is proportional to its freq and WV

Question 14

color blindness

Answer 14

red, blue , green cone disorder

Question 15

If there were no scattering of air molecules, the sky would be

Answer 15

pitch black and stars visible all day long

Question 16

solar zenith angle

Answer 16

dominant direction of sun rays

where will shade be thrown?

Question 17

surface intensity

Answer 17

amount of light in location with climate
-seasonal differences, latitude and clouds

AZ and NV highest in summer and winter

Question 18

photochemical reactions

Answer 18

ability of irradiance to affect bio organisms
light-> photoreceptor-> primary reaction-> 2nd action-> development

Question 19

radiometry

Answer 19

measurement of flux

Question 20

spectroradiometry

Answer 20

measures radiant flux dependent upon the WV of the radiation

Question 21

pyranometer

Answer 21

measure solar radiation

Question 22

photometry

Answer 22

measures CIE photopic curve

(human eye measurement)

Question 23

PAR

Answer 23

measures flux used by plants

Question 24

UV damage

Answer 24

DNA- absorbs UV-B radiation and breaks the dna coding path

skin- skin cancer

mutations- added limbs

snow blindness

Question 25

how plants use light?

Answer 25

photomorphogenesis

Question 26

light can impact seed growth

Answer 26

weeds use light to germinate earlier

Question 27

chlorophyll synthesis

Answer 27

germination in the dark= etiolated spindly yellow growth green shows when light is present

Question 28

chloroplasts in light

Answer 28

low light- orient flat to maximize surface area high light- stack to protect against death

Question 29

how do plants protect against sun?

Answer 29

curl leaves to avoid water loss waxy coating change angle of leaves to avoid sun rays

Question 30

LAI

Answer 30

quantity of leaves on crop structure of canopy by # of land surface area 4-6

Question 31

Phytochrome

Answer 31

pigment responsible for photomorphogenic growth responses red and far red ratios red light = good plant far red light= etiolated plant exposure to light follows last light to grow

Question 32

Decoteau's black box how we learned plants respond to different colors of light?

Answer 32

-break light off into diff. colors to treat plants -measure growth of each light

Question 33

photoperiodism to change flowering

Answer 33

flash light = long day= energy daver = doramcy and flowering impact

Question 34

cryptochrome

Answer 34

blue light pigment

Question 35

Practical uses of growth regulators

Answer 35

reduces height by inhibiting gibberellins in stem petals and flowers

Question 36

row orientation and light

Answer 36

east-> west= utilize light more efficiently north to south shade eachother easier

Question 37

greenhouse orientation and light

Answer 37

north-> south= morning sunshine

Question 38

filtering light

Answer 38

emitted radiation can be modified with the uses of filters, shade cloth...

Question 39

types of filters

Answer 39

neutral density- reduce light intensity without changing light quality color filter- used to remove certain colors

Question 40

energy friendly filters

Answer 40

vegetation, trees, manipulating light for home heating/cooling

Question 41

spectral filtering

Answer 41

modify incoming sunlight -light comes thru corrugated panels filled with colored water -hot water heats greenhouse

Question 42

feeding space

Answer 42

uses nutrient film hydroponics with reflective walls to retain light

Question 43

explain the outcome of three treatment groups for phytochrome light treatments

Answer 43

red- shorter and more compact far red- taller stems to reach for more light far red interrupted- similar to red, reverts far red light impact

Question 44

explain the varied ways to orient your rows for economic optimization

Answer 44

follow slope of land= more access to light, but hard to harvest straight lines= quicker to work, less light availability

Question 45

in regards to sunlight, which orientation of rows is more efficient?

Answer 45

East to west because it follows the natural sun movement in the sky throughout the day

Question 46

explain how and why chlorophylls move when exposed to high or low light

Answer 46

chlorophyll cells move to be more spread out when in low light to cover more leaf surface area= more sunlight in high light, they stack to avoid stress

Question 47

why are PAR sensors generally more useful than other radiation measuring instruments?

Answer 47

they measure the wavelength of absorption of sunlight that is most efficient for photosynthesis

Question 48

why is it beneficial for plants to be able to measure the ratio of red to far red light ?

Answer 48

to help avoid growing over eachother. no unwanted stretch proximity to other plants

Question 49

what are the layers of the ecosphere

Answer 49

atmosphere- air hydrosphere- water lithosphere- soil

Question 50

what is the difference between solar noon and 12:00 noon?

Answer 50

solar noon is around 2-4pm in PA

Question 51

describe photomorphogenesis, what pigment is important and provide an example of a photomorphogenic response in plants

Answer 51

light mediated development of plants where plants respond to light environment phytochrome is an important pigment that regulates the germination of seeds in response to the absence or presence of light Heliotropism is when sunflowers follow the sun through the sky to be more visible to pollinators