exam 2 Flashcards
1
Q
- Which of the following is CORRECT?
a. Both cocaine and amphetamines raise blood pressure and increase heart rate
b. Unlike cocaine, amphetamines do not activate the brain’s central reward pathway
c. Both cocaine and amphetamines have sodium channel blocking activity
d. Neither cocaine nor amphetamines cross the placenta
A
a
2
Q
- Which of the following statements about methylphenidate is CORRECT?
a. It is an inhibitor of the vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT)
b. It increases appetite
c. It has a long half-life
d. It is an inhibitor of the dopamine reuptake transporter (DAT)
A
d
3
Q
- What is the best definition of a prodrug?
a. A professional drug
b. A drug that is metabolized slowly by the body
c. A drug that is taken in an inactive form but gets metabolized in the body to an active form
d. A drug that is taken in an active form but gets metabolized in the body to an inactive form
A
c
4
Q
- Which of the following statements about attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is
CORRECT?
a. It is thought to be caused by dysregulation of serotonin in the cerebellum
b. Stimulants can be used to treat it
c. Adults cannot be diagnosed as having ADHD
d. Its symptoms include insomnia, decreased energy, and cataplexy
A
b
5
Q
- It is thought that too much dopaminergic activity in which part of the brain causes
hallucinations and delusions in schizophrenia?
a. Parts of cortex
b. Pituitary
c. Parts of cerebellum
d. Parts of striatum
A
d
6
Q
- Which of the following statements about Clozapine (Clozaril) is INCORRECT?
a. It has antagonistic activity at 5HT 2A receptors
b. It can sometimes have efficacy in patients who haven’t responded to other antipsychotic
drugs
c. It causes agranulocytosis in most patients who take it
d. It can reduce suicide risk
A
c
7
Q
- Which of the following statements is CORRECT?
a. All second generation (SGA/atypical) antipsychotics have antagonistic activity at D2
receptors
b. Compared to first generation (FGA/typical) antipsychotics, second generation
(SGA/atypical) antipsychotics have a lower risk of causing acute dystonias
c. First generation (FGA/typical) antipsychotics increase the risk of sudden cardiac death while
second generation (SGA/atypical) antipsychotics do not
d. First generation (FGA/typical) antipsychotics can treat positive symptoms of schizophrenia
while second generation (SGA/atypical) do not
A
b
8
Q
- Which of the following statements is CORRECT?
a. Symptoms of parkinsonism include abnormal milk production by the breast in women and
abnormal breast development in men
b. Tardive dyskinesia is thought to be caused by upregulation or supersensitivity of D 2
receptors in the nigrostriatal pathway
c. Only drugs that are D 2 antagonists can cause akathisia
d. All of the above are CORRECT
A
b
9
Q
- Which of the following statements is CORRECT:
a. Chlorpromazine (Thorazine) never causes extra pyramidal side effects
b. Chlorpromazine (Thorazine) is considered a high potency antipsychotic
c. Chlorpromazine (Thorazine) runs a higher risk of causing orthostasis and weight gain than
Haloperidol (Haldol)
d. Haloperidol (Haldol) runs a very low risk of causing extrapyramidal side effects
A
c
10
Q
- Antipsychotic drugs can have a role in treating which of the following?
a. Bipolar disorder only
b. Schizophrenia only
c. Neither bipolar disorder nor schizophrenia
d. Both bipolar disorder and schizophrenia
A
d
11
Q
- Which of the following drugs is the most commonly used second generation (atypical)
antipsychotic?
a. Aripiprazole (Abilify)
b. Clozapine (Clozaril)
c. Risperidone (Risperdal)
d. Haloperidol (Haldol)
A
a
12
Q
- Which of the following statements is CORRECT?
a. Some antipsychotic drugs are known to be excreted in breast milk
b. Antipsychotic drugs do not cross the placenta
c. Smoking can increase Clozapine (Clozaril) levels in the blood because chemicals found in
cigarette smoke block the activity of CYP1A2
d. When a person stops taking an antipsychotic drug the drug is usually cleared from the body
rapidly and therefore their symptoms usually rapidly reappear
A
a
13
Q
- Which of the following drugs is a second generation (atypical) antipsychotic drug that can
cause increases in prolactin levels?
a. Aripiprazole (Abilify)
b. Clozapine (Clozaril)
c. Risperidone (Risperdal)
d. Haloperidol (Haldol)
A
c
14
Q
- Which of the following statements about caffeine is CORRECT?
a. The LD 50 is about 100 grams
b. It is considered a CNS depressant
c. It causes a relaxation of cerebral blood vessels
d. None of the above are CORRECT
A
d
15
Q
- Which of the following statements about caffeine is INCORRECT?
a. It is an antagonist at adenosine receptors
b. It is thought to active the brain’s central reward pathway
c. It is metabolized by CYP1A2
d. Its half-life can vary from person to person
A
b
16
Q
- Which of the following statements about E-cigarettes is CORRECT?
a. They are FDA approved as smoking cessation aids
b. They are safe to be used by youth and pregnant women
c. The liquid they contain can be poisonous
d. They are known to be safe for long-term use in adults
A
c
17
Q
- Which of the following statements is CORRECT?
a. Varenicline (Chantix) causes the same level of activation of nicotinic receptors as nicotine
b. Bupropion (Zyban) is a nicotinic receptor partial agonist
c. The labels for Bupropion (Zyban) Varenicline (Chantix) indicate that patients taking these
drugs should be monitored for neuropsychiatric events
d. All of the above are CORRECT
A
c
18
Q
- Which of the following statements about nicotine is INCORRECT?
a. It causes both physiological and psychological dependence
b. Its actions at nicotinic acetylcholine receptors can facilitate the release of dopamine
c. Its actions at nicotinic acetylcholine receptors can block the release of epinephrine
(adrenaline)
d. Cotinine is its major metabolite
A
c
19
Q
- Which of the following are symptoms of depression?
a. Irritability
b. Decreased energy
c. Feeling restless
d. All of the items in a-c are symptoms of depression
A
d
20
Q
- Which of these changes is caused by antidepressant medications?
a. Lower activity of the cyclic AMP response-element binding protein (CREB)
b. Lower levels of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)
c. Lower levels of neurogenesis in the hippocampus
d. Higher levels of serotonin in synapses
A
d
21
Q
- Which of these medications is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor?
a. ramelteon (Rozerem)
b. bupropion (Welbutrin)
c. sertraline (Zoloft)
d. phenelzine (Nardil)
A
c
22
Q
- Which of these medications can cause dangerous side effects by interfering with tyramine
metabolism?
a. fluoxetine (Prozac)
b. bupropion (Welbutrin)
c. imipramine (Tofrenil)
d. phenelzine (Nardil)
A
d
23
Q
- Which of these medications can be used to treat ADHD in children because it inhibits
dopamine reuptake?
a. fluoxetine (Prozac)
b. bupropion (Welbutrin)
c. imipramine (Tofrenil)
d. phenelzine (Nardil)
A
b
24
Q
- Which of these medications can relieve symptoms of depression within hours?
a. fluoxetine (Prozac)
b. bupropion (Welbutrin)
c. esketamine (Spravato)
d. phenelzine (Nardil)
A
c
25
25. Which of these drugs can easily cause respiratory depression and death in case of
overdose?
a. naltrexone
b. naloxone
c. loperamide
d. methadone
d
26
26. Which of these drugs is an opioid receptor agonist that can treat diarrhea without any risk
of respiratory depression upon overdose?
a. morphine
b. heroin
c. loperamide
d. fentanyl
c
27
27. Which of these drugs is most able to cause a rush of euphoria after intravenous injection
because it is an opioid receptor agonist that easily crosses into the CNS?
a. morphine
b. heroin
c. loperamide
d. buprenorphine
b
28
28. Which of the following is not a physiological effect of using morphine?
a. analgesia
b. drowsiness
c. cough suppression
d. pain
d
29
29. This is the best description of how morphine relieves pain?
a. Morphine activates G-protein coupled receptors at sites of injury to reduce inflammation
and sensation of pain by nociceptive neurons.
b. Morphine activates G-protein coupled receptors in nociceptive neurons to prevent the
release of substance P in the spinal cord.
c. Morphine activates G-protein coupled receptors in multiple areas of the central nervous
system to alter how the sensation of pain is perceived and interpreted.
d. Morphine inhibits the activity of cyclooxegenase (COX) enzymes to reduce pain at sites of
injury
c
30
30. After using heroin every day for one month, the amount of drug needed to achieve the
same level of euphoria would be what?
a. A higher dose would be needed
b. A slightly lower dose would be needed
c. The same dose would be needed
d. A much lower dose would be needed
a
31
31. This is a drug used in treatment programs for heroin dependence that is available as a once-
per-month injectable formulation.
a. naltrexone
b. naloxone
c. buprenorphine
d. methadone
a
32
32. This is a method of cannabis use that can have psychological effects lasting up to 12 hours
after discontinuing use?
a. smoking in a hand rolled cigarette
b. smoking in a water pipe (bong)
c. eating in food
d. vaping
c
33
33. Which is not a harmful effect associated with smoking marijuana cigarettes?
a. risk of accidental injury due to impaired motor coordination
b. risk of respiratory depression from overdose
c. risk of heart attack for individuals with cardiovascular risk factors
d. risk of lung cancer
b
34
34. After smoking marijuana daily for several months, THC and its metabolites can be detected
in urine drug tests for about how long?
a. 6 hours
b. 3 days
c. 7 days
d. 30 day
d
35
associated lung injuries is thought to be due to this
chemical in some vaping products?
a. delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol
b. vitamin E acetate
c. cannabidiol
d. nabilone
b
36
37. Which of the following would not act as an agonist for CB1 receptors?
a. buprenorphine
b. delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)
c. anandamide
d. dronabinol
a
37
36. Cannabis sativa plants identified as hemp would have what level of delta-9-
tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)?
a. 0% to 0.3%
b. 0.4% to 1%
c. 1.1% to 5%
d. more than 5%
a
38
38. Which of the following describes immunization?
a. Safely protects against future infection by inducing an immune response without causing
disease
b. Protection conferred by past infection against future infections
c. Higher risk compared natural infection
d. Only effective in inducing immune protection in adults
a
39
39. Cocaine inhibits the re-uptake transporter for dopamine, but not the re-uptake transporters
for serotonin or norepinephrine
a. True
b. False
b
40
40. Smoking of cocaine has a faster onset of action that does intravenous use
a. True
b. False
a
41
41. True or False: Positive symptoms are thought to be more responsive to antipsychotic drugs
than negative or cognitive symptoms
a. True
b. False
a
42
42. Some antipsychotic drugs can prolong the QT interval because they inhibit Ikr channels.
a. True
b. False
a
43
43. Phencyclidine (PCP) is a serotonin receptor agonist that can cause hallucinations
a. True
b. False
b
44
44. Drugs like cocaine that increase dopaminergic activity can treat psychosis
a. True
b. False
b
45
45. Chocolate milk and cocoa contain caffeine
a. True
b. False
a
46
what vaccine is this: Nucleic acid packaged in lipid nanoparticle used to protect against COVID-19
mRNA vaccine
47
what vaccine is this: Organisms modified in the laboratory that induce long-lasting immunity by undergoing limited replication but do not cause infection
live attenuated vaccine
48
what vaccine is this: Inactivated bacterial toxin
toxoid
49
what vaccine is this: Organisms grown in the laboratory and killed for use as a vaccine
inactivated vaccine
50
Gene for vaccine antigen inserted into genome of microorganism which is administered as a vaccine
vector vaccine
