Exam 2 Flashcards
(85 cards)
1
Q
What is true about right wing extremists?
A
- Generally reactionary to perceived threats against a groups identity, race, etc. nostalgia
2
Q
What is true about left wing extremism?
A
- future oriented, seeking to reform or destroy current system–idealistic
3
Q
What is true about Marxism, and Leninism in relation to Christianity?
A
- they are very oppressive and repressive of Christianity
4
Q
Who is Edmund Burke?
A
- founder the modern Conservatism
5
Q
What is a strong indicator of leftist ideals?
A
- people tearing down statues
6
Q
What is true of a more conservative opinion?
A
- nostalgia, tradition, limited role of gov’t
7
Q
What is true about anarchists?
A
- they are people who hate government control, rights, and private property, have no plan for an alternative
8
Q
What is true about radical socialism?
A
- leftist ideology that began in the mid 19th century
9
Q
What is the basic premise of marxism?
A
- working class revolution, wealth redistribution
10
Q
What is the basic premise of fascism?
A
- right ideological viewpoint counters to Marxism
11
Q
What is the basic premise of extreme nationalism?
A
- superiority of race
12
Q
What is true of the Afrikanner Resistance movement (discussed in class)?
A
- Uegene Terrabuch-leader
- wear uniforms with insignias of 3,7’s
- national identity-white
13
Q
What is the DIME?
A
- a term used to reference counter terrorism tactics
- D: Diplomatic
- I: Informational
- M: Military
- E: Economic
14
Q
What is true about an International terrorist event?
A
- an asymmetric type of behavior
- element of surprise
- hit a target they’re not expecting
15
Q
What is true about domestic terrorism?
A
- confining terrorism to a specific boundary within a state
16
Q
What are 2 types of attacks that are the most common (asymmetric)?
A
- attacks on embassies
- hijackings
17
Q
What are 3 types of international terrorism?
A
- international state terrorism
- international dissident terrorism
- international religious terrorism
18
Q
What is the objective of international state terrorism?
A
- foreign policy objective
19
Q
What is the objective of international dissident terrorism?
A
- selecting domestic targets that have international symbolism
20
Q
What is the objective of international religious terrorism?
A
- mainly Islamic terrorism
- the biggest form of international terrorism in the past 30 years–difficult to root out
21
Q
What is a saying Prof Thompson said about countering terrorism?
A
- “countering terrorism is like eating soup with a knife”
22
Q
What is “antiterrorism”?
A
- defending yourselves and preparing to have defensive measures to combat it when it happens
23
Q
What is the spectrum of counterterrorism?
A
Covert—-Overt
24
Q
When was the last time the U.S. sent troops into Iran?
A
- Desert 1-first covert operation-get 52 hostages out of Iran–in 1979
- was an epic failure
25
What is Operation El Dorado Canyon?
- 1986 operation--was a "hardline military response to terrorism"
-- goes directly to the heart of terrorism acts
26
What is involved with the "M" of the DIME?
- use of force
- military and paramilitary repressive options
- suppression campaigns:
-- punitive strikes (El Dorado Canyon)
-- preemptive strikes
- covert operations
-- military and diplomatic means of action (ex: Black September--Wrath of God operation)
- covert: cyberwarfare
27
What are legalistic options to counterterrorism?
- promoting the rule of law
- law enforcement
- counterterrorist laws
- international laws
28
What are some of the rightful claims to the land that Israel has?
- historical faith
- oldest burial site in the world
- Cave of Machpelah and land around it
-- first piece of ground given to Israel-posses
29
What is true about using military force?
- have a measurable goal
- have measurable objectives
- achieve objectives and goals quickly and efficiently
30
What are typical objectives of terrorism?
- changing the existing order
- psychological disruption
- social disruption
31
What is a treaty, and how is it important?
- countries follow treaties as international law--precedence is what keeps international law in use
--following diplomatic history
32
What is the "Tallon manual"?
- "Cyber Law"
33
What is asymmetric warfare?
- the use of unconventional and unexpected and nearly unpredictable methods of political violence
- unanticipated targets and apply unique and idiosyncratic tactics
34
What are weapons and tactics that are asymmetric warfare tactics?
- bombings
- suicide bombings
- sidearms
- kidnappings
- hijackings
- vehicle attacks
35
What is true about propaganda?
- it's asymmetric, widespread deliberate indoctrination or plan for such indoctrination
- organizations, movements, and governments spread their interpretations of the truth or invent a new truth using propaganda
- fine line exists between news and terrorists message
36
What is true about the first amendment and protected speech?
- first amendment: freedom of speech, of the press, to peaceably assemble, petition the gov't for a redress of grievances
- not protected: threats--illegal in criminal code
- speech that incites panic or violence--not allowed
37
What is true about "Super Speech"?
- Super Speech is political speech
- Meyer v. Grant (1988)
- Buckley v. Valco (1976)
- SCOTUS protects political speech
38
What is the FBI's definition of Domestic terrorism?
- violent criminal acts committed by individuals/groups to further ideological goals stemming from domestic influences such as those of a political, religious, social, racial, or environmental nature
39
What are some facts about the January 6th attacks?
- 4 people died
- 1 shot, 2 had heart attacks, 1 died from trauma-and shot from rubber bullett
- 4 capitol police officers/law enforcement committed suicide afterwards
40
What is true about the recent Israeli strikes on the IRGC?
- Israel struck an IRGC operations center near the Iranian consulate
- targeted Brig. Hen Mohammaed Reza Zahedi--a top Iranian Quds force member--killed along with 6 other Iranian officers
41
What is true about how the Jan 6th attacks were labeled by the media?
- labeled by the left, and FBI as:
- insurgency, terrorists, riot
42
What is true about the BLM/George Floyd protests?
- led by BLM
- one big idea--you can't stand for the national anthem
- statues torn down
- federal buildings attacked
- property damage of businesses
- defund the police
- critical theory
-- society must be destroyed and rebuilt
43
What is true about the core founding principles of BLM?
- dissatisfaction of its founder with the outcome of Trayvon Martin's case-Zimmerman found not guilty of murder
44
What is true about BLM?
- founded on July 14th 2013
- the issue of impartiality and the 6th amendment
- BLM is a political organization
-- Patriste Cullors (founder of BLM) was a pupil of Eric Mann a leader of the Weather Underground-domestic terror group
- 2 of the 3 founders of BLM are avowed Marxists
45
What is true about BLM and the outcome of Black murder cases?
- the outcome of the Zimmerman case is what the leaders of BLM want--if justice is served--the cause of BLM can and will never be implemented
46
What is the definition of Homeland Security?
- dynamic concept that constantly evolves with the emergence of new terrorist threats and unpredictability of non-terrorist disasters
47
What are some recent attacks in Ohio that required DHS to step in?
- a group of white supremacists tried to disrupt the power grid in Ohio/around the country -2023
- Demetrius Pitts-Islamic Jihad attacks in Cleveland
- Abdul Razak Ali Arton-knife and car attack on Ohio State's campus-radicalized by Zakarwi
48
What was the Executive order that established the DHS?
- Executive Order 13228
- October 8, 2001
49
What are the functions of the DHS?
- coordinate the executive branch's efforts to detect, prepare for, prevent, protect against, respond to, and recover from terrorist attacks within the U.S.
50
What are some examples of homegrown Jihadists?
- Boston marathon bombers
- 2 brothers: Dzhokar & Tamerlan Tsarnaev responsible for the attacks
51
What is true about homegrown jihadists?
- it's hard to pick them out in large crowds
52
What are some examples of asymetric warfare/terrorism?
- Paris attacks 2015
- Charlie Hebdo attacks
53
What is generally true about the DHS?
- it is a very big bureaucratic organization with a lot of separate parts
- and is very efficient due to specialization
- sector specific agencies
- Dept of Health and Human Services
- Dept of the Interior
- Dept of the treasury
- EPA
54
What is the mission of the U.S. intelligence community?
- domestic and international intelligence
- coordinating intelligence collection
- reducing bureaucratic rivalries
55
What is a statement about stopping terrorism, that Prof Thompson said?
- "the easiest way to stop terrorism is to curtail freedoms and liberties of U.S. citizens
56
What are some examples of wrongful persecution in the U.K?
- the IRA and its terrorist campaign
- Guildford 4
- Birmingham 6
57
What is true about the Guildford 4?
- perversion of justice
- 4 people wrongfully convicted of an october 1974 bombing in Guildford
58
What is true about the Birmingham 6?
- 6 men convicted of the November 1974 bombings of 2 pubs in Birmingham England that killed 21 people and injured 168
- on appeal the court ordered the release of the birmingham 6 after it ruled that the police had used fabricated evidence
59
What are Diplock courts?
- the gov't of England established special courts without jury trials--in a response to repeated intimidations of jurors
60
What is the Northern Ireland Act?
- passed in 1993, created conditions of quasimartial law
61
What is true about the Patriot Act?
- legislation to collect more evidence--allows the government to do so without a search warrant to collect foreign information
62
What is true about leftist extremism? (from textbook)
- leftist extremism is future oriented, seeking to reform or destroy an existing system prior to building a new and just society
- "Idealistic"
- when leftists "champion" a particular group--the group is perceived to be oppressed unjustly by a corrupt system or government
63
What is true about right wing extremists? (textbook)
- they try to protect their value system and affirm their special status, frequently expressing a desire to return to a time of past glory
- "nostalgic"
- rightist ideologies tend to be a reaction against perceived threats to a groups value system and presumption of superiority
64
What is true about the fringe right and fringe left (discussed in ch. 7)?
- there was no singular event such as the Revolution of 1848 to inspire the rise of a right wing version of Karl Marx
- no core document such as the Communist Manifesto was written to inspire generations of rightists. Hitlers Mein Kampf is the closest--but it was never universally adopted by the right as Marxs theories were for the left
- no leadership "pantheon" exists on the right that is similar to the Marx-Lenin-Stalin/Trotsky-Mao pantheon
65
Who are some postwar leftist revolutionaries?
- Latin Americas Che Guevara, Fidel Castro
- Congos Patrice Lumumba
- Vietnams Ho Chi Minh
66
What is true about right wing ideology? (ch. 7 summary)
- it is less systematic and focused than on the left, less intellectual in its analysis of environmental conditions--relying instead on racial or other stereotyping of perceived enemies
- hasn't been as concerted/sustained as left wing terrorism in the recent past--other than extensive violence by paramilitaries in politically fractured socities
67
What are some statements that summarize left wing extremism?
- the radical left emphasizes "economic rights"
- democratic socialism emphasizes reform--not revolution
- communists emphasize revolution--not reform
- commies and dem. socialists tend to distrust each other
68
What are several common themes of right wing extremism?
- nationalism
- racism
- xenophobia
- antidemocracy
- and a strong state
69
What is Mao's doctrine for waging guerilla warfare?
- "fish swimming in the sea of the people"
70
What are four terrorist "environments"?
- monolithic
- strong multipolar
- weak multipolar
- cell-based
71
What is true about the monolithic terrorist environment?
- a single state sponsor supports this type
- the state has strong and direct control
- minimal group autonomy exists
- there are clear options to counter monolithic terrorism--its the easiest to counter
72
What is true about the "strong multipolar" terrorist environment?
- there are several state sponsors supporting this
- the state has strong and direct control
- there is minimal group autonomy
- there are clear options in countering this type of terrorism
73
What is true about a "weak multipolar" terrorist environment?
- there are many dissident groups; several state sponsors
- the state has weak and insecure control
- groups have strong autonomy
- it is problematic and unpredictable when countering terrorism in this environment
74
What is true about a "cell-based" terrorist environment?
- dissident groups remain the prominent actor
- the state has weak control in this environment
- groups have strong autonomy
- it is problematic and unpredictable--this environment is the most difficult to counter terrorism
75
What are typical targets of terrorist attacks?
- embassies
- international symbols
- symbolic buildings/sites
- symbolic peoples
- passenger carriers
76
Who is Yehiya Ayyash?
- a master bomb maker better known as "the engineer" was a model activist within Hamas's cell based organization structure
- his first bomb was a Volkswagen car bomb used in April 1993
- had been directly, and indirectly responsible for killing approximately 150 people, and injuring 500 others
77
What are motives of Ethnonationalists?
- ethnonationalist terrorists seek to win recognition of their human rights, or a degree of national autonomy, from the present order
78
What are the motives of Nihilists?
- Nihilist terrorists wish to destroy systems and institutions without regard for what will replace the existing order
79
What are the motives of religious terrorists?
- religious terrorists act on behalf of a supernatural mandate to bring about a divinely inspired new order
80
What are the motives of lone wolf terrorists?
- lone wolves have a vague and sometimes delusional assumption that their actions will further a greater cause against a corrupt or evil social order
81
What is the "netwar theory"?
- an emerging mode of conflict and crime--the protagonists use network forms of organization and related doctrines, strategies, and technologies related to the information age
82
What other networks are similar to the "internetted movements"?
- chain network
- star, hub, or wheel network
- all channel networks
83
What are common methods/tactics/weapons of terrorists?
- bombings/suicide bombings
- sidearms
- kidnappings
- hijackings
- vehicle attacks
84
What is a "signature method"?
- methods that have become closely affiliated with operational activities of specific groups
85
What is "kneecapping"?
- a technique used by the IRA, Irish Protestant Loyalists, and italy's Red Brigade
- technique involved shooting a victim in the back of the knee joint--thus shooting off the kneecap
