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Urinalysis > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary pigment in urine?

A

Urochrome

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2
Q

The protein section of the urine reagent is most sensitive to

A

Albumin

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3
Q

In the ketones section of the reagent strip, what product of fatty acid metabolism does it NOT detect?

A

Beta-Hydroxybutyrate

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4
Q

Why would the specific gravity be significantly high using a refractometer?

A

Due to contaminants like radiographic dye crystals

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5
Q

Failure to blot the reagent strip may result in ________

A

runover

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6
Q

What is the icto test used to detect?

A

Bilirubin

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7
Q

A squamous epithelial cell covered in bacteria is _______

A

Clue cell

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8
Q

If the reagent patch is negative for blood with the microscopic showing WBCs, what should we suspect?

A

The patient is taking an excessive amount of ascorbic acid

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9
Q

What would be found in the urine of a healthy individual after strenuous exersice?

A

RBCs and hyaline casts

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10
Q

An increase in bilirubin with a normal urobilinogen may indicate

A

Bile duct obstruction

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11
Q

Specific gravity testing using sound waves is

A

Harmonic oscillation densitometry

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12
Q

The cast most indicative of end stage renal disease are

A

Waxy casts

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13
Q

Which type of proteinuria results in increased protein in blood specifically low-molecular-weight proteins and resolves once the level of plasma proteins returns to normal

A

Overflow (Prerenal) proteinuria

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14
Q

What substance is found in urine of healthy individuals in small amounts?

A

Urobilinogen (0.2mg/dL)

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15
Q

Which proteinuria results from inflammatory process in urinary tract?

A

Postrenal proteinuria

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16
Q

What cell is most commonly associated with contamination?

A

Squamous epithelial cells

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17
Q

A patient was recently in a car accident. Urinalysis:

Color : brown
Blood : positive
Microscopic : no blood present
Blood sample : contains severe hemolysis
What is actually present?

A

Hemoglobin

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18
Q

What causes yellow foam in urine?

A

Bilirubin

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19
Q

What is last read on the reagent strip?

A

Leukocyte esterase

20
Q

What can cause a fruity smell in urine?

A

Ketones

21
Q

A muscle injury

A

Myoglobinuria

22
Q

Reagent strips (Chemstrip) for ketones contain ________ and __________

A

Acetoacetate and acetone

23
Q

Which WBC produce a negative leukocyte esterase result?

A

Lymphocyte

24
Q

What is the reaction testing for?

Indicator dye + Protein —> H+ ions released from indicator

A

Protein

25
Q

What is the reaction testing for?

Double sequential enzyme reaction

A

Glucose

26
Q

What is the reaction testing for?

Pseudoperoxidase activity

A

Blood

27
Q

What is the reaction testing for?

Acetoacetate + Sodium nitroprusside (+GLY) —> Purple color

A

Ketones

28
Q

What is the reaction testing for?

Modified Ehlrich’s reaction

A

Urobilinogen

29
Q

What is the reaction testing for?

Protons released from polyelectrolyte —> pH decrease and color change

A

Specific gravity

30
Q

What is the reaction testing for?

Ind^- + H+ ions —> H-Ind

A

pH

31
Q

What is the reaction testing for?

Esterase reaction followed by azo coupling reaction

A

Leukocyte esterase

32
Q

What can make urine yellow?

A

Bilirubin and urochrome

33
Q

What can make urine red?

A

Beets

34
Q

What can make urine black?

A

Melanin

35
Q

What can make urine orange?

A

Urobilin

36
Q

What substance is colorless?

A

Urobilinogen

37
Q

What crystal is coffin lid shaped?

A

Triple phosphate

38
Q

What crystal looks like hexagonal plates?

A

Cystine

39
Q

What crystal looks like thorny apples?

A

Ammonium biurate

40
Q

What crystal has notched corners

A

Cholesterol

41
Q

Reagent strips should be stored at what temperature

A

Room temp or 19-30C

42
Q

Urine specific gravity should be measured using refractometry in the presence of what

A

Protein and glucose

43
Q

Ascorbic acid can cause a false negative in what

A

Blood

44
Q

A patient with RBC casts will be positive in ____ and ____

A

Blood and protein

45
Q

The presence of bacteria may indicate a positive result of

A

leukocyte esterase or nitrite

46
Q

Ascorbic acid is also known as

A

Vitamin C

Urinalysis (3 decks)

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