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Exam 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

cosyntropin

A

For Adrenal insufficiency
Anterior pituitary
Stimulates release of cortisol
-anti inflammatory effects
-promotes renal retention of sodium

For Dx of Addison Disease

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2
Q

somatropin

A

Mimics Growth hormone
Anterior pituitary
builds muscle (HIV)
Hypopituitary dwarfism
Sub Q 💉
Give at night 🌜

Adverse effects:
HA, muscle pain, hyperglycemia (BS), hypothyroid, systolic HTN, hypercalcuria (kidney stones)

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3
Q

octreotide

A

Anterior pituitary
Treatment of gigantism and acromegaly
🚫 release of growth hormone
🚫Verner-Morrison Syndrome due to CA tumors

Adverse effects:
Long QT, hypo/hyoerglycemia 🍭, diarrhea 💩💩

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4
Q

Diabetes Insipidus

A

Low ADH (antidiuretic hormone)
Polydipsia 🥛
Polyuria 💛
Dehydration
Spec grav 1.001-1.003

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5
Q

Vasopressin

A

Posterior pituitary
Diabetes Insipidus
Mimics ADH
⬆️water reabsorption
⬇️water excretion
Intranasal & IM
Aqueous solution vs tenant in oil

Adverse effects:
Angina, 💧intoxication, BP issues

IV- septic shock, pulseless cardiac arrest

Can cause necrosis, choose central line

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6
Q

desmopressin

A

Posterior pituitary
Diabetes Insipidus
Preferred over vasopressin due to longer duration
⬆️Factor 8 & Von Willibrand
For nocturnal enuresis 🛌💛
Don’t use if sick

Adverse effects:
Water intoxication

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7
Q

Black box warning on NSAIDs with exception of aspirin

A

⬆️MI
Stroke
BP
GI issues

Misoprostol ⬇️ ulcers, lines stomach

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8
Q

Black box warning on NSAIDs with exception of aspirin

A

⬆️MI
Stroke
BP
GI issues

Misoprostol ⬇️ ulcers, lines stomach

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9
Q

Ceiling effect

A

Dose beyond level increases risk of adverse effects

Without increase of therapeutic effects

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10
Q

aspirin

A

Acetylsalicylic Acid
Anti-platelet

Adverse effects:
GI intolerance, bleeding, renal impairment, Reyes Syndrome (flu or varicella) 🤒
To prevent thrombotic events
Lower dose if you have 🩸risk

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11
Q

Salicylate overdose (aspirin)

A

Tinnitus m, hearing loss in adults
Children- hyperventilation & behavior change

Will need gastric lavage and activated charcoal 🪨

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12
Q

indomethacin

A

Acetic acid derivative
For mild-moderate pain
OA, RA, acute gouty arthritis
Can cause preterm labor

Adverse effects:
HA and tinnitus 🔔

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13
Q

ketorolac

A

acetic acid derivative
Moderate-severe pain
Short term use (5 days)

Adverse effects:
Renal impairment, GI pain, nausea, and dyspepsia (♥️burn)

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14
Q

ibuprofen

A

Propionic acid derivative
Mild-moderate pain
Dental pain, arthritis

🚫more than 4G/day
2G if has liver issues

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15
Q

naproxen

A

(Aleve)
Propionic acid derivative

Less GI issues than ibuprofen

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16
Q

celecoxib

A

Cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitors
Moderate pain- arthritis

In same family as sulfonamides

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17
Q

Enolic Acid Derivatives

A

Mild-moderate arthritis and gout pain

Piroxicam
Meloxicam

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18
Q

Enolic Acid Derivatives

A

Mild-moderate arthritis and gout pain

Piroxicam
Meloxicam

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19
Q

Assessment for anti inflammatory drugs

A

Pain
ADLs
CBC
Bun, CR (kidneys)
LFTs
GI assessment

Children- Reye’s syndrome
Older adults- kidney & liver

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20
Q

colchicine

A

Antigout drug
Drink lots of fluids w/med

Adverse effects:
Renal, hepatic, cardiac, GI disorders
Take w/🌮 due to nausea

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21
Q

Hyperuricemia Drugs

A

Allopurinol & febuxostat

Drink lots of water (2,000-3,000 ml)

Adverse effects:
Agranulocytosis, Steven Johnson Syndrome (CBC to check WBC)

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22
Q

glucocorticoids

A

Acute gout attack
Good if can’t take NSAIDs

Adverse effects:
BS, infx, weight gain, mood changes, and bone loss

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23
Q

Triglyceride range

A

<150 mg/dl

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24
Q

Cholesterol range

A

200 mg/dl

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25
Antilipemic drugs
Drugs that lower lipids (triglycerides and cholesterol)
26
VLDL range
2-30 mg/dl
27
LDL range
<100 mg/dl
28
HDL
Good cholesterol >50 for women >40 for men >60 if previous cardiac event
29
Coronary Heart Disease is x4 greater if
Cholesterol is > 200mg/dl
30
Statins
Contraindicated in pregnancy and liver disease Rhabdomyolysis- muscle wasting CK level if 💪🏽pain No grapefruit juice Adverse effects: Nausea, HA, rash, SJS
31
atorvastatin
Most common Night dose No breastfeeding moms
32
Other statins
simvastatin fluvastatin Lovastatin Pravastatin Rosuvastatin Pitavastatin
33
Bile Acid Sequestrants
2nd line of drug therapy Does nothing for Trigkicerides Powder option Contraindicated in bowl obstruction Don't take with other meds ADEK pill Adverse effects: Constipation, GI dysfunction, cholesterol gallstones
34
Sequestrant drugs
chokestramine Colesevelam Colestipol hydrochloride Reduces cholesterol but not triglycerides
35
phenobarbital
Antiepileptic drug longest 1/2 life x1 per day dose Therapeutic level 10-40 mcg/ml
36
phenytoin
Antiepileptic drug Most common Therapeutic level 10-20 mcg/ml Dilute with 💧-slow push Toxic- nystagmus, diplopia Adverse effects: Gingival hyperplasia Hypotension
37
fosphenytoin
Antiepileptic drug Don’t give if liver issues Less cardiovascular effects ▪️warning: cardiac monitor 150mg/min to avoid hypotension Adverse: Hypotension, cardiorespiratory depression
38
carbamazepine
Antiepileptic drug Second most common Therapeutic level 4-12 mcg/ml 🚫grapefruit Recheck levels in 2 months
39
valproic acid
Sprinkles- applesauce Therapeutic level 50-100 mcg/ml 🚫pop 🥤 Adverse effects: Diarrhea, pancreatitis? Hepatotoxic
40
Lamotrigine
Antiepileptic drug For drop seizures
41
levetiracetam
Antiepileptic drug
42
zonisamide
Antiepileptic drug In sulfa family
43
topiramate
Antiepileptic drug Can cause weight loss Don’t give to pregnant moms
44
Adverse effects for Antiepileptic drugs
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea Hypotension Birth defects ▪️warning: suicidal thoughts Worse in 16-24yrs old Narrow therapeutic index
45
Steven Johnson Syndrome
Bloody crusty lips Skin lesions Peeling Caused by: NSAIDS- ibuprofen Antibiotics- sulfonamides Antiepileptic- lamotrigine
46
Antiepileptic medications can cause
Congenital malformations in baby
47
Do not take other CNS depressants such as
No alcohol, Benadryl, or opioids
48
Medications for status epilepticus
Fast acting: midazolam intranasal diazepam PR (rectal) diazepam IV
49
Medications for status epilepticus
Fast acting: midazolam intranasal diazepam PR (rectal) diazepam IV
50
Medications for status epilepticus
Fast acting: midazolam intranasal diazepam PR (rectal) diazepam IV
51
Kava
Treats stress Contraindicated in: Liver disease Can cause jaundice
52
Ginkgo Biloba
Lowers platelet aggregation Prevents memory loss Prevents peripheral arterial occlusive disease Stop 2wks before surgery ⬆️risk of bleeding
53
cranberry
Keeps bacteria from sticking to bladder wall Contraindicated in aspirin due to salicylic acid Can cause N/V/D
54
Echinacea
Stimulates immune system Reduces cold symptoms Can ⬇️ effectiveness of immunosuppressive drugs
55
Flaxseed
1-2hrs before other meds Treats cholesterol and atherosclerosis Can cause diarrhea
56
St. John’s wart
Treats depression but don’t take w/depression meds ⬆️risk of suicide Adverse effect: photosensitivity
57
Ginger
Antioxidant Treats morning sickness Adverse effect: ⬆️ bleeding risk
58
Valerian
Treats sleep disorders “Herbal valium” ⬆️CNS effects w/ sedatives Hepatitoxic
59
Hawthorne
Treats HTN Don’t take with other HTN meds
60
Capsaicin
In peppers Topical anesthetic 🚫hot packs- 🔥
61
Licorice
Contains phytoestrogens Treats peptic ulcers & hot flashes 🚫🤰🏻 Can cause HTN, fluid retention, labor
62
Glucosamine
Can treat osteoarthritis 🚫🤰🏻 Can cause nausea
63
Garlic
Antiplatelet Lipid reducer Antiseptic 🚫2wks before surgery Adverse effects: gas and diarrhea
64
Melatonin
Release by pineal gland at night Can cause diarrhea & low BP

Pharm 2 (6 decks)

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