Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Pharm 1 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

Nervous system ; synaptic transmission ; Autonomic Receptors (49 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

The nervous system is subdivided into what?

A
  • Afferent & Efferent
  • Central Nervous System (CNS) & Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the difference between Afferent & Efferent?

A
  • Afferent (towards CNS)
  • Efferent (away from CNS)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is involved in the Afferent system?

A
  • Somatic sensory receptors - skin, muscles, responds to touch/pain/pressure
  • Visceral sensory receptors - monitors internal organs (CV, lungs, digestive, urinary, & reproductive)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is involved in the Efferent system?

A
  • Somatic: we have control over
  • Autonomic: No control over (Sympathetic & Parasympathetic)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the subdivisions in the Autonomic Nervous system?

A
  • Sympathetic
  • Parasympathetic
  • Enteric
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are some Sympathetic responses?

A

Increased HR, BP; Dilate Bronchioles; Shunts blood to needed muscles (up to 75%) ; “fight or flight” (must be continuously stimulated)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are some Parasympathetic responses?

A

Energy conservation (brings us back to normal then shuts off) ; Shunts blood to endocrine, GI, Urogenital ; “Rest & Digest” (only need to be stimulated once)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the most important Nerve in relation to the heart?

A

Vagus Nerve (X): Slows down HR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Craniosacral is apart of which branch of the NS?

A

Parasympathetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Thoracolumbar is apart of which branch of the NS?

A

Sympathetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe the Fibers in the Thoracolumbar

A
  • Preganglionic (short): terminate in ganglia paravertebral chains
  • Postganglionic (long): innervate affect tissue/organ
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe the fibers in the Craniosacral

A
  • Preganglionic fibers (long): leave CNS through cranial nerves & sacral spinal roots
  • Postganglionic (short): Terminate on organ
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the 3rd part of the Autonomic nervous system?

A

Enteric (primitive - purpose not known) “gut feeling”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Preganglionic fibers in the ANS release what?

A

Acetylcholine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Ganglionic fibers in the ANS release what?

A

Epi/Noriepi or ACh

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the effectors of the ANS?

A

Cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, & glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the effectors of the Somatic NS?

A

Skeletal muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are drugs that mimic the sympathetic NS called?

A

Sympathomimetics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the difference between Direct acting & Indirect acting Sympathomimetics?

A
  • Direct: target receptors directly
  • Indirect: do not directly bind to receptor but make it where ligand stays in synapse longer
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are actions that sympathetic drugs mimic?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Vasoconstriction
  • Inotropic & chronotropic cardiac effects
  • Decreased bronchiole tone (inhaled)
  • Decreased uterine muscle tone
21
Q

What is the function of sympatholytics?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Inhibit SNS (blocker)
  • Decrease BP
  • Target: Alpha & Beta
22
Q

What is the neurotransmitter that affects Cholinergic Receptors?

Study These Flashcards
A

Acetylcholine

23
Q

What is the ligand that affects Adrenergic Receptors?

24
Q

What are the types of Cholinergic Receptors?

Study These Flashcards
A

Muscarinic (stimulated by mushrooms) & Nicotinic (stimulated by nicotine)

25
What are the Adrenergic Receptors?
Alpha, Beta, & Dopamine
26
Which of the Muscarinic receptors have an excitatory affect?
M1, M3, & M5
27
Which of the Muscarinic receptors have an Inhibitory affect?
M2, M4
28
What are the Alpha subtypes?
Alpha1 & alpha2
29
What are the Beta subtypes?
Beta1, Beta2, & Beta3
30
How many dopamine subtypes are there?
5 (D1 to D5)
31
Describe the process from signal transduction to the effectors for Alpha1
Epi/Norepi bind to Alpha1 --> stimulates Gq --> Activates phospholipase C --> produces 2nd messenger IP3 & DAG
32
Describe the process from signal transduction to the effectors for Alpha2
Epi/Norepi bind to Alpha2 --> stimulates Gi --> Inhibits adenylate cyclase --> stops cAMP production
33
Describe the process from signal transduction to the effectors for Beta1 & Beta2
Epi/Norepi bind to Beta1 & Beta2 --> stimulate Gs --> Stimulates adenylate cyclase --> produces cAMP
34
All Adrenergic receptors are which type of proteins?
GPCRs
35
Where is Alpha1 mainly found?
Smooth muscle
36
Once IP3 & DAG are produced in the Alpha1, what pathways do they take that leads to muscle contraction?
- IP3 --> goes to SR where calcium is stored & binds --> opening Ca channels & releasing Ca --> Ca activates enzyme MLCK --> MLCK phosphorates Myosin which causes contraction - DAG --> activates PKC --> inhibits MLCP --> keeps myosin in active state (longer contraction)
37
what is the function of the Myosin Light Chain Phosphatase (MLCP)?
It strips the phosphate group from MLCK, inactivating MLCK leading to decreased contraction
38
Where is Beta1 found?
Heart
38
Once Beta1 is bound & cAMP is produced, what happens in a cardiomyocyte that leads to contraction?
cAMP --> stimulates PK-A --> PK-A increases influx of Ca into cell & stimulates release of calcium from SR --> increased contraction
39
NE released from synaptic nerve can bind to Alpha2 receptors where NE was initially released stopping the further release of NE, which process is a form of ?
Negative feedback
39
Beta2 in the peripheral smooth muscle induces?
Relaxation
40
In the peripheral smooth muscle, when Beta2 is bound, how does relaxation occur?
NE/EPI bind to Beta2 --> activates Gg --> stimulates adenyl cyclase to increase cAMP --> cAMP inhibits MLCK --> decreased contraction
41
All of the muscarinic signal transductions are which type of protein?
GCPR
42
Describe the process of signal transduction to effectors for M1, M3, & M5
M1, M3 & M5 --> stimulates Gq --> Phospholipase activation --> production of IP3 & DAG
43
Describe the process of signal transduction to effectors for M2 & M4
M2 & M4 --> stimulate GI --> Inhibits adenyl cyclase
44
What affects do Nicotinic receptors have?
- Ganglionic & Neuronal CNS - Skeletal muscle --> Ion channels
45
What are NANC neurons?
Neurons that release a multitude of different neurotransmitters (Nitric oxide); Non-adrenergic , Non-cholinergic
46
What affect does ACh have on blood vessels in the abdominopelvic cavity?
Vasodilation
47
What affect does NE have on blood vessels in the abdominopelvic cavity?
Vasoconstriction

Pharm 1 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions