Exam 2 Flashcards
(20 cards)
What is neutralism?
Neither species is affected by the interaction. This is a RARE occurrence in nature.
What is mutualism?
Both species benefit from the OBLIGATORY interaction.
What is an example of mutualism?
Cholorochromatium aggregatum is considered one organism because each organism cannot survive without the other.
What is cooperation?
Both species benefit from the interaction, but it is NOT obligatory.
What is an example of cooperation?
Nitrogen-fixing bacteria and cellulolytic organisms: cellulose degrader breaks down cellulose –> glucose using ammonium, and nitrogen fixer converts nitrogen gas into ammonium using glucose.
What is commensalism?
One species benefits, while the other species is neither harmed nor benefited.
What is an example of commensalism?
Nitrogen cycle: waste products from one organism are utilized by another.
What is predation?
One species feeds on another species.
What is an example of predation?
Vampirococcus
What is parasitism?
One species lives on or in another species and benefits at the host’s expense; it takes advantage and kills the host cell.
What is an example of parasitism?
Viruses
What is amensalism?
One species is harmed, while the other is neither benefited nor harmed; it produces a particular compound to eliminate competition.
What is an example of amensalism?
Antibiotics
What is competition?
Multiple species compete for the same resources, leading to a negative impact on both.
What is an example of competition?
When one organism overtakes the other.
What is cheating?
A mutualistic relationship where one species “cheats” and benefits more than the other.
What is an example of cheating?
Myxococcus: when conditions are bad, they form fruiting bodies. The stalk dies by sacrifice, and spores survive and carry genetic information.
What are public goods?
Resources produced by one or a few microbes that benefit the entire community.
What are 3 examples of public goods?
- Extracellular enzymes: break down complex organic matter into simpler molecules that can be used by the whole community.
- Quorum-sensing molecules allow microbes to communicate with each other and coordinate their behavior.
- Antibiotics: substances produced by some microbes that can kill/inhibit the growth of other microbes and prevent the spread of harmful pathogens.
How do public goods connect to quorum sensing, cooperation, and cheating?
