Exam 2

Question 1

All of the following are phenotypes you would see expressed in trisomy 21 (Down’s Syndrome) except?

Answer 1

High pitched Voice

Question 2

When myocardial oxygen demand exceeds supply it results in:

Answer 2

Angina

Question 3

A patient is being screened for prostate cancer. Which of the following would be considered suspicious?

Answer 3

Blood in urine and semen

Question 4

What disease phenotype does the following describe: tall/slender, arm span exceeding height, hypermobility of joints.

Answer 4

Marfan syndrome

Question 5

Which of the following best describes a wild-type allele?

Answer 5

Most common type of allele

Question 6

In x-linked disorders all females that receive the mutated x-gene will have the disorder

Answer 6

False

Question 7

Percentage of a population that has a genetic mutation and express the mutation in a phenotype is called

Answer 7

Penetrance

Question 8

One parent has a dominant disease (Mm) and one parent does not (mm). What is the chance the child will have the disease?

Answer 8

50%

Question 9

benign tumors

Answer 9

Grows slowly

Question 10

Cancer cells are able to gain immortality and replicate indefinitely due to maintenance of telomeres

Answer 10

True

Question 11

What process allows malignant tumors to create new blood vessels to connect to the blood and lymph systems

Answer 11

Angiogenesis

Question 12

A patient with breast cancer finds out the cancer has spread to her lung. What is this process called

Answer 12

Metastasis

Question 13

Low density lipoproteins (LDL) are considered “good” cholesterol

Answer 13

False

Question 14

How do you calculate cardiac output?

Answer 14

Stroke volume x heart rate

Question 15

Iron deficiency anemia causes smaller RBCs (low MCV) with less hemoglobin (low MCHC). How would you describe this

Answer 15

Microcytic and hypochromic

Question 16

All people with Turner syndrome are women

Answer 16

True

Question 17

What condition causes the body to release erythropoietin to stimulate the bone marrow to produce more red blood cells?

Answer 17

Low levels of oxygen

Question 18

You are caring for a patient with Klinefelter Syndrome. What characteristic should you expect to see?

Answer 18

Gynecomastia

Question 19

What congenital heart defect is caused by the opening between the aortic and pulmonary arteries failing to close?

Answer 19

Patent ductus arteriosus

Question 20

What congenital heart defect is caused by the opening between the aortic and pulmonary arteries failing to close?

Question 21

What condition involves wide spread clotting, followed by extensive hemorrhaging?

Answer 21

Disseminated intravascular coagulation

Question 22

Acyanotic congenital heart conditions cause left-to-right shunting

Answer 22

True

Question 23

Which type of anemia causes neurologic symptoms such as tingling in extremities, loss of vibratory sense, and numbness?

Answer 23

Vitamin B12 deficiency (pernicious) anemia

Question 24

Manifestations of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) include all of the following except

Answer 24

Atrophic glossitis

Question 25

Tetralogy of Fallot?

Answer 25

Is is an acyanotic heart defect

Question 26

CAD is often caused by what condition?

Answer 26

Atherosclerosis

Question 27

coagulation disorder involves a deficiency in clotting factor 8?

Answer 27

Hemophilia A

Question 28

A carrier of an autosomal recessive gene (Mm) and a healthy person have children (MM). What percentage will be carriers?

Answer 28

50%

Question 29

A patient with a DVT develops sharp chest pain, shortness of air, and a rapid pulse? What complication is most likely

Answer 29

Pulmonary embolism

Question 30

You are assessing a patient whose legs have hyperpigmentation, thickened skin, and edema. What is likely causing this?

Answer 30

Chronic venous insufficiency

Question 31

You are caring for a newborn that cannot convert phenylamine to tyrosine. What disorder does the newborn have?

Answer 31

Phenylketonuria (PKU)

Question 32

The most dangerous manifestations of Marfan's syndrome are leaky heart valves and weakened vessel walls.

Answer 32

True

Question 33

phenotype?

Answer 33

Observable traits and characteristics

Question 34

Two patients have the same disorder but display two different phenotypes. What is this gene characteristic called?

Answer 34

Expressivity

Question 35

What causes development of tumors in patients with neurofibromatosis?

Answer 35

Genetic defect of tumor suppressor gene

Question 36

A symptom of right-sided heart failure?

Answer 36

Jugular vein distention

Question 37

A characteristic of left-sided heart failure

Answer 37

Increased Preload

Question 38

What type of angina is short term, reversible, and can many times be relieved with rest

Answer 38

Stable

Question 39

You are caring for a patient with unstable angina. Chest pain with this type of angina is:

Answer 39

Not related to activity

Question 40

Ischemia to the heart muscle that is not relieved after 20 minutes results in irreversible muscle cell death.

Answer 40

True

Question 41

Cardiac tamponade is compression of the heart caused by pericardial effusion (build up of fluid in the pericardial sac).

Answer 41

True

Question 42

In which cardiomyopathy is the LV unable to fully relax between contractions, resulting in less blood being ejected?

Answer 42

Hypertrophic

Question 43

patient experiences an acute myocardial infarction. Which statement best describes what has occurred?

Answer 43

Death of myocardial cells

Question 44

What is Cor Pulmonale?

Answer 44

Right sided heart failure

Question 45

You are caring for a patient with heart failure that is having dyspnea and coughing. What type of heart failure is this?

Answer 45

Left sided