Exam 2

Question 1

What are some of the reasons why people in the stage of late adulthood might not have healthy nutrition?

Answer 1

finances, poor diet education, chronic diseases, low resources

Question 2

Name the American Hospital Association’s (AHA’s) seven goals to prevent heart disease.

Answer 2

healthy diet
exercise
avoid increase weight
no smoking
blood pressure
cholesterol
blood sugar

Question 3

Heart disease

Answer 3

Cause: weak pulse, high blood pressure, chest pain.

Nursing action: improve circulation, lower blood pressure, and administer medication.

Question 4

Type 2 Diabetes

Answer 4

Cause: polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, dry skin, blurred vision.

Nursing action: encourage exercise and a healthy diet.

Question 5

Osteoporosis

Answer 5

Cause: bones become porous and more susceptible to fractures.

Nursing action: increase calcium and vitamin D intake, eat foods with high calcium, limit sodas or colas

Question 6

Alzheimer’s

Answer 6

Agnosia- unable to recognize
Anomia- unable to name objects
Aphasia- unable to comprehend
Apraxia- unable to perform task
Amnesia- memory loss

Nursing action: educate family and patient on medications and encourage a strict routine.

Question 7

Rotation

Answer 7

moving lengthwise

Question 8

Circumduction

Answer 8

moving in a circular fashion

Question 9

Extension

Answer 9

straightening the arm

Question 10

Eversion

Answer 10

moving the palm of the hand to face downward

Question 11

Pronation

Answer 11

turning soles outward

Question 12

Adduction

Answer 12

moving closer to the midline

Question 13

Abduction

Answer 13

moving away from the midline

Question 14

Flexion

Answer 14

bending the joint and decreasing the angle between bone

Question 15

Inversion

Answer 15

turning the sole of the foot toward the midline

Question 16

What is a mobility assessment?

Answer 16

An objective assessment

Question 17

Immobility effects

Answer 17

degradation of cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, and musculoskeletal functions

Question 18

Risk for impaired mobility

Answer 18

falls, poor ROM, pressure ulcers, blood clots, and pneumonia

Question 19

Capillary refill check and time

Answer 19

fingers and toes
less then 3 seconds

Question 20

Systole

Answer 20

period of contraction the ventricles of the heart that occurs between the first and second heart sounds to the cardiac cycle

Question 21

Diastole

Answer 21

period of relaxation of the heart muscle, accompanied by the filling of the chamber with blood

Question 22

Cardiac Output

Answer 22

the amount of blood pumped by the heart

Question 23

Stroke Volume

Answer 23

the volume of blood that is pumped out of the heart’s left ventricle during each systolic cardiac contraction.

Question 24

Viscosity

Answer 24

the resistance of a fluid movement when forces are applied to it.

Question 25

Peripheral Vascular Resistance

Answer 25

the resistance in the circulatory system that is used to create blood pressure, the flow of the blood and is also a component of cardiac function.

Question 26

Contractility

Answer 26

the capability or quality to shrink or contract.

Question 27

Preload

Answer 27

the stretch of the myocardium or end-diastolic volume of the ventricles.

Question 28

Korotkoff sounds

Answer 28

generated when a blood pressure cuff changes the flow of blood through the artery.

Question 29

Hypertension

Answer 29

when the pressure in your blood vessels is too high (140/90mmHg or higher)

Question 30

Hypotension

Answer 30

a decrease in systemic blood pressure below accepted low values. (90/60 mmHg or lower)

Question 31

Pulse deficit

Answer 31

occurs when the heart is contracting, and the pulse is not reaching the periphery.

Question 32

Cheyne-stroke

Answer 32

an atypical pattern of breathing involving deep breathing followed by shallow breathing.

Question 33

Kussmaul respirations

Answer 33

fast, deep breathing that occurs in response to metabolic acidosis.

Question 34

Dyspnea

Answer 34

a sensation of running out of air and of not being able to breathe fast enough of deeply enough.

Question 35

Hypoxia

Answer 35

low levels of oxygen in your body tissues.

Question 36

Cutaneous stimulation

Answer 36

simulation of nerves vis skin contact in an effort to reduce pain impulses to the brain.

Question 37

ROM

Answer 37

the movement potential of a joint from full extension to full flexion.

Question 38

Gait

Answer 38

a pattern of running or walking

Question 39

Posture

Answer 39

the position of the body in space.

Question 40

Arthritis

Answer 40

inflammation/degeneration of joints.

Question 41

Orientation

Answer 41

a person's level of awareness to self, place, time, and situation.

Question 42

Focused assessment

Answer 42

a detailed nursing assessment of specific body system(s) related to the presenting problem or other current concern(s).

Question 43

Affect

Answer 43

a patient's immediate expression or emotion.

Question 44

Costal margin

Answer 44

the lower edge of the chest (thorax) formed by the bottom edge of the rib cage.

Question 45

Venous distention

Answer 45

the bulging of the major veins in your neck.

Question 46

Vascular ulcer

Answer 46

wounds on your skin that develop because of problems with blood circulation.

Question 47

PMI

Answer 47

the point where there is a maximal impulse against the chest that can be felt.

Question 48

Nasogastric

Answer 48

NG

Question 49

No known allergies

Answer 49

NKA

Question 50

No known drug allergies

Answer 50

NKDA

Question 51

Nothing by mouth

Answer 51

NPO

Question 52

Nausea and vomiting

Answer 52

N&V

Question 53

Oxygen

Answer 53

O2

Question 54

Out of bed

Answer 54

OOB

Question 55

Through or by

Answer 55

thru

Question 56

By mouth

Answer 56

PO

Question 57

As needed

Answer 57

PRN

Question 58

Q

Answer 58

each or any

Question 59

r/o

Answer 59

rule out

Question 60

Rx

Answer 60

prescription

Question 61

Stat

Answer 61

right now

Question 62

TID

Answer 62

three times a day

Question 63

Tx

Answer 63

treatment

Question 64

UA

Answer 64

urinalysis

Question 65

Wt

Answer 65

weight

Question 66

Normal SBP range

Answer 66

120 to 139 mmHg

Question 67

Normal DBP range

Answer 67

80 to 84 mmHg

Question 68

Normal temperature range

Answer 68

96.8 to 100.4

Question 69

Normal RR

Answer 69

12 to 20 bpm

Question 70

Normal SAT

Answer 70

95% to 100%

Question 71

Best auscultated apical pulse

Answer 71

60 to 100

Question 72

Temperature sites

Answer 72

temporal, oral, tympanic, axillary, and rectal