Exam 2 Flashcards
1
Q
Condyle
A
Smooth, rounded articular process
2
Q
Foramen
A
rounded passageway for blood vessels or nerves
3
Q
Fossa
A
shallow depression
4
Q
tuberosity
A
smaller, rough projection
5
Q
Number of bones in axial skeleton
A
80
6
Q
what are fontanelles?
A
areas of non ossified fibrous connective tissue between cranial bones
7
Q
number of cervical vertebrae
A
7
8
Q
number of thoracic vertebrae
A
12
9
Q
Sacrum location
A
inferior to lumbar vertebrae
10
Q
C1 name
A
Atlas
11
Q
C2 name
A
Axis
12
Q
C1 articulates with ___
A
the skull
13
Q
L5 articulates with ___
A
Sacrum
14
Q
Smallest and lightest vertebrae
A
Cervical
15
Q
number of true rib pairs
A
7
16
Q
number of false rib pairs
A
5
17
Q
Floating ribs
A
no attachment to sternum
18
Q
number of bones in appendicular skeleton
A
126
19
Q
acetabulum
A
hip socket
20
Q
long bone characteristics
A
longer than wide
21
Q
long bone examples
A
humerus, radius, ulna
22
Q
short bone characteristics
A
cube like, contain mostly spongy bone
23
Q
short bone examples
A
wrist, ankle
24
Q
flat bone characteristics
A
thin, flat, curved
25
flat bone examples
sternum, ribs, some skull
26
irregular bone characteristics
complicated shapes
27
irregular bone examples
vertebrae, hip bone, some skull
28
sutural bone characteristics
small, flat, irregular
29
sutural bone examples
between bones of skull
30
sesamoid bone characteristics
small, flat
31
sesamoid bone examples
patella
32
synovial fluid functions
lubrication, shock absorption, nutrient distribution
33
compact bone characteristics
homogenous, dense, smooth, made of osteons
34
compact bone function
resists compression and tension
35
spongy bone characteristics
composed of
small needle-like pieces called
trabeculae, lots of space
36
spongy bone functions
reduces weight of skeleton, resists force from all directions
37
cartilage found at the end of long bones
articular cartilage
38
epiphysis location
ends of long bones
39
diaphysis location
shaft of long bone
40
metaphysis function
connects diaphysis and epiphysis
41
endosteum
thin membrane of connective tissue that lines the inner surface of bones
42
periosteum
fibrous sheath that covers long bones, contains blood vessels
43
medullary cavity contains ___
yellow marrow in long bones
44
where is red marrow found in long bones?
metaphyseal and epiphyseal ends
45
First step of fracture healing
bleeding and clotting
46
second step of fracture healing
Cells of the endosteum
and periosteum divide and migrate into fracture zone, calluses stabilize break
47
third step of fracture healing
osteoblasts Replace central cartilage of external callus
48
fourth step of fracture healing
Osteoblasts and osteocytes
remodel the fracture for up to a
year
49
PTH ___ calcium ion levels
increases
50
Calcitonin ___ calcium ion levels
decreases
51
calcium phosphate makes up ____ of bone weight
2/3
52
hydroxyapatite function
strength, inflexibility
53
osteocyte
mature bone cell that maintains matrix
54
osteoblast function
secretes matrix compounds
55
osteoclast function
dissolve bone matrix and release stored minerals
56
osteoprogenitor function
divide to produce osteoblasts
57
Vertebral arch function
makes up vertebral canal for spinal cord
58
intervertebral foramen function
lateral openings between adjacent vertebrae for spinal nerves
59
transverse processes function
lateral projection where laminae join pedicles
60
Scapula articulates with ____
humerus and clavicle
61
humerus articulates superiorly with ___
glenoid cavity of scapula
62
Ulna articulates with the ___ of humerus
trochlea
63
Ulnar notch articulates ___
Radius with wrist and ulna
64
Carpus bones that articulate to form wrist joint
scaphoid and lunate
65
fused bones that make up pelvic girdle
ilium, ischium, pubis
66
Head of femur articulates with ___
acetabulum
67
Bones that make up the pectoral girdle
Clavicle and scapula
68
Epiphyseal plate function
bone growth
69
Movement of a synarthrosis joint
none
70
movement of a amphiarthrosis joint
little
71
movement of a diarthrosis joint
most
72
What is a syndesmosis?
Bones connected by ligament
73
What is a symphysis?
bones separated by fibrous cartilage
74
Articular capsule function
prevent bones from touching
75
What are bursae?
cushion areas where tendons or ligaments rub
76
tendon function
attach muscle around joint
77
More stable = ___ Range of motion
LESS
78
gliding joint function
flattened or slightly curved, limited motion
79
hinge joint functions
angular motion in a single plane
80
hinge joint examples
elbow, knee, ankle
81
condylar joints function
motion in two planes
82
condylar joint example
radiocarpal joint
83
C2 to L5 articulate with two types of joints
gliding and sympheseal
84
