Exam 2

Question 1

What is a calorie?

Answer 1

The unit of energy used in biological systems

Question 2

During what form, of exercise might the PCr system be highest?

Answer 2

a 100m sprint

Question 3

Anaerobic glycolysis is

Answer 3

moderately fast

Question 4

Anaerobic systems _______ require oxygen and take place in the _______.

Answer 4

do not, cytosol

Question 5

What is a major sign of fatigue

Answer 5

Low ATP + High ADP

Question 6

Energy in food transfers directly into cells for biological work. True or False?

Answer 6

False

Question 7

As exercise intensity increases blood lactate concentration __________.

Answer 7

Increases

Question 8

A dietary supplement of creatine is usually between ________.

Answer 8

3-5 g/day

Question 9

Fatigue occurs due to ______ in the creatine phosphate system.

Answer 9

CrP depletion

Question 10

Where is creatine phosphate stored?

Answer 10

in muscles

Question 11

What is not a major source of creatine?

Answer 11

Vegetables

Question 12

Fatigue occurs due to _______ in anaerobic glycolysis.

Answer 12

decreased pH

Question 13

Creatine is noted to be highly effective for ________ sports and weakly correlated with _______ sports.

Answer 13

Strength, endurance

Question 14

The CPr system is _________.

Answer 14

Very fast

Question 15

During what form of exercise might the oxidative energy system be used.

Answer 15

An ultra-endurance race

Question 16

The speed at which ATP is split increases as exercise intensity ____________.

Answer 16

increases

Question 17

___________ is more important than __________ in regard to creatine supplementation.

Answer 17

Daily use, timing

Question 18

Which system helps replenish ATP? Creatine Phosphate, Anaerobic Glycolysis, Oxidative Phosphorylation.

Answer 18

All of these

Question 19

During what form of exercise might glycolysis be the main energy system?

Answer 19

Running 1 mile

Question 20

Creatine is stored similarly in males and females. True or False

Answer 20

False

Question 21

can you define energy in terms of size, shape, or mass? True or False?

Answer 21

False

Question 22

The most common electron-accepting compounds are _______ and ________.

Answer 22

NAD, FAD

Question 23

What does NAD stand for?

Answer 23

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide

Question 24

Oxidative phosphorylation is ________.

Answer 24

Slow

Question 25

ATP is hydrolyzed, or split, to release energy for exercise reducing it to ______.

Answer 25

ADP

Question 26

Fatigue occurs due to _______ in the creatine phosphate system.

Answer 26

CrP depletion

Question 27

Food is to carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, as energy is to ________.

Answer 27

ATP

Question 28

NAD and FAD can __________.

Answer 28

exist in oxidative and reduced forms.

Question 29

When a phosphate bond splits to create ADP, how many kcal of free energy (per 1 mole of ATP) are released?

Answer 29

7.3 kcal

Question 30

The creatine phosphate (CPr) system has how many chemical steps.

Answer 30

1 chemical step

Question 31

Fatigue occurs due to _______ in oxidative phosphorylation.

Answer 31

fuel depletion

Question 32

The body is only able to store approximately _________ grams of ATP which is why humans must consistently replenish these stores, especially when related to sports and exercise.

Answer 32

80-100

Question 33

During what form of exercise might the PCr system be highest?

Answer 33

a 100m sprint

Question 34

As exercise intensity increases blood lactate concentration increases or decreases?

Answer 34

Increases

Question 35

What is not a MAJOR source of creatine?

Answer 35

Vegetables

Question 36

what is the net yield of ATP from 1 glucose molecule during slow glycolysis?

Answer 36

32

Question 37

During exercise, ATP is created from nutrients remaining in our bloodstream from the last meal or stored nutrients.

Answer 37

Both

Question 38

Which form of glycolysis forms acetyl coa from pyruvate? Slow glycolysis or fast glycolysis?

Answer 38

slow glycolysis

Question 39

CHO consumption during exercise helps maintain muscle glycogen stores and _______ time from exhaustion.

Answer 39

increase

Question 40

_________ stores predict fatigue.

Answer 40

Glycogen

Question 41

What is lactate threshold?

Answer 41

The level at which lactate begins to accumulate in the blood during exercise

Question 42

What is the net yield of ATP from 1 glucose molecule during fast glycolysis?

Answer 42

2

Question 43

During glycolysis 1 ________ molecule is broken down to 2 _________ molecules.

Answer 43

glucose, pyruvate

Question 44

Once pyruvate forms acetyl coa during slow glycolysis, this then enters the _______ cycle and finally the ________ to form ATP.

Answer 44

Krebs, ETC

Question 45

What is the fate of lactate when produced in the body? Lactate can be used within the cell as fuel by remaking pyruvate. Lactate can be transported through the blood and used as fuel for other tissues. Lactate is an important fuel source for numerous tissues.

Answer 45

All of these

Question 46

The reason carbohydrates are so important in the diet is because humans have an infinite supply of carbohydrates and these stores take a long time to deplete. True or false?

Answer 46

False

Question 47

The urea cycle converts ________ to ________ in the liver.

Answer 47

ammonia, urea

Question 48

There is only one energy system that humans rely on for different types of physical activity. True or False?

Answer 48

False

Question 49

There are 2 types of Glycolysis. The one utilized is based on the fate of _________.

Answer 49

pyruvate

Question 50

How much ATP comes from substrate-level phosphorylation during slow glycolysis?

Answer 50

4

Question 51

During beta-oxidation, carbons are cleaved from fatty acids to form __________.

Answer 51

acetyl coa

Question 52

__________ are largely metabolized for short bursts of activity after the creatine system is depleted.

Answer 52

Carbohydrates

Question 53

How long can fast glycolysis continue for?

Answer 53

1-2 minutes

Question 54

Which form of glycolysis for lactate from pyruvate?

Answer 54

fast glycolysis

Question 55

Lactates rise in the blood is correlated with _________.

Answer 55

Fatigue

Question 56

For an 18-carbon fatty acid _________ acetyl coa are generated.

Answer 56

9

Question 57

What is the main pathway of CHO breakdown?

Answer 57

The process by which the nitrogen from one amino acid is transferred from another amino acid and a keto acid.

Question 58

How is protein different from the other macronutrients (fats and carbohydrates)

Answer 58

protein contains nitrogen

Question 59

Lactic acid exists in the human body, its why you get sore after exercising. True or False

Answer 59

False

Question 60

Triglycerides are broken down into __________ during lipolysis.

Answer 60

fatty acids

Question 61

Once absorbed, nutrients make _______, which powers every movement from our heart0beat to running a marathon.

Answer 61

ATP

Question 62

The breakdown of lipids can create a lot of ATP. Further, 3 main factors determine how much lipid is used as a fuel source during exercise. Which is not one of the 3 main factors.

Answer 62

How much protein an individual consumes POST workout.

Question 63

How many enzymatic reactions occur curing glycolysis?

Answer 63

10

Question 64

The goal should be to use protein as a fuel source, similar to how carbohydrates and fat are used. True or False

Answer 64

False

Question 65

Which of the following is not a metabolic fate of amino acids, Protein turnover, Energy Production, Fat Cells.

Answer 65

All of these

Question 66

Which of the following definitions describe deamination?

Answer 66

The process by which the nitrogen from an amino acid is stripped to form a keto acid and free ammonia.

Question 67

The food we eat is digested and absorbed to extract the ________ energy in macronutrients.

Answer 67

Potential

Question 68

CHO metabolism _________.

Answer 68

can be either aerobic or anaerobic depending on the circumstances.