Exam 2

Question 1

autonomic nervous system

Question 2

adrenal-cortical system

Question 3

fight or flight response

Question 4

Panic disorder: panic attack, criteria and symptoms, course

Answer 4

• panic attack: Short, intense periods of anxiety symptoms
• disorder: recurrent, unexpected panic attacks
• chronic course

Question 5

Cognitive theories of panic disorder

Answer 5

• anxiety sensitivity: believe bodily symptoms have harmful consequences
• interoceptive awareness: heightened awareness of bodily cues that signal a panic attack is coming
• interoceptive conditioning: view bodily cues as signaling new attacks

Question 6

Treatment for panic disorder

Answer 6

biological: medication affecting serotonin and norepinephrine , Benzodiazepines, Relapse
CBT: relaxation and breathing exercises
Identify and challenge catastrophizing cognitions, systematic desensitization

Question 7

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD): criteria and symptoms, comorbid disorders, course

Answer 7

• excessive anxiety or worry
• Uncontrollable
• Interferes with functioning/ causes distress
• comorbidity: 90% of people with it have another disorder
• chronic course

Question 8

Theories of GAD: emotional factors, cognitive factors, biological factors

Answer 8

emotional: more intense negative emotions
cognitive: make maldaptive assumptions, hypervigilant to possible threat
biological: GABA deficiency; modest heritability

Question 9

Treatment for GAD: CBT, biological treatments

Answer 9

biological: benzos; tricyclic (imipramine); SSRI (paroxetine)
CBT:confronting their most worrisome issues; Challenging catastrophizing thoughts; Developing coping strategies

Question 10

Social anxiety disorder: criteria and symptoms, course, comorbid disorders

Answer 10

• Anxiety in social situations
• Key: avoid social situations
• Comorbid with mood and other anxiety disorders
• Chronic course (if left untreated)

Question 11

Theories of social anxiety disorder

Answer 11

genetic
cognitive: excessively high standards for their social performance; Focus on negative aspects of social interactions

Question 12

Treatment for social anxiety disorder

Answer 12

SSRIs, SNRIs
CBT- identify and dispute the negative cognition they have
Mindfulness- accept anxiety and observe it

Question 13

Specific phobias: criteria and symptoms, 5 DSM-5 categories

Answer 13

unreasonable or irrational fears of specific objects or situations
1. Animal type (phobia on a specific animal/ insect)
2. **Natural environment **type (storms, water, heights)
3. Situational type (public transportation, flying)
4. Blood-injection-injury type (ppl getting a shot, ppl getting hurt)
5. Other (clowns, vomiting)

Question 14

agoraphobia

Answer 14

people fear places where they might have trouble escaping or getting help; That they will embarrass themselves

Question 15

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD): criteria and symptoms, course, comorbid disorders

Question 15

behvioral and biological theories of specific phobias:

Answer 15

Classical conditioning- conditioning of fear to certain objects or situations
Negative reinforcement- reduction of anxiety reinforced by the avoidance of the feared object
Prepared classical conditioning- evolution causes rapid conditioning of fear to certain objects/ situations (avoidance has been advantageous to us over time- like snakes, spiders, heights)
Biological- related people share phobias

Question 16

treatment of specific phobias: behavioral, applied tension technique, biological

Answer 16

behavioral: exposure to extinguish the person’s fear of the objection or situation
1. Systematic desensitization
2. Modeling- therapist models each behavior in hierarchy of need (ex: holding a spider)
3. Flooding

Applied tension technique- Increase blood pressure and heart rate
Bio- benzodiazepines

Question 17

Hoarding disorder: criteria and symptoms, course, comorbid disorders

Question 18

Symptoms of trichotillomania, excoriation, and body dysmorphic disord

Question 19

Theories of OCD: biological theories, cognitive theories

Question 20

Treatment of OCD: biological treatments, CBT

Question 21

PTSD: criteria and symptoms, types of traumas that lead to PTSD

Question 22

Symptoms of acute stress disorder, adjustment disorder

Question 23

Theories of PTSD: environmental/social, psychological, biological

Question 24

Treatment of PTSD

Answer 24

CBT and stress management, biological treatments (SSRIs, benzodiazepines)

Question 25

Separation anxiety disorder: criteria and symptoms

Question 26

Somatic symptom disorder (SSD): criteria and symptoms

Question 27

Illness anxiety disorder (IAD): criteria and symptoms

Question 28

Theories of SSD and IAD: cognitive factors, psychological factors

Question 29

Treatment of SSD and IAD: behavioral therapies, cognitive therapies, CBT

Question 30

Functional neurological symptom disorder: criteria and symptoms

Question 31

Theories of functional neurological symptom disorder: psychodynamic, behavioral, neurological theories

Question 32

Treatment for functional neurological symptom disorder

Answer 32

psychoanalytic therapy, CBT

Question 33

Factitious disorder: criteria and symptoms, factitious disorder imposed on another

Question 34

Malingering definition

Question 35

Dissociation

Question 36

Dissociative identity disorder (DID): criteria and symptoms, course, onset, comorbid disorders

Question 37

Theories of DID

Answer 37

trauma

Question 38

Treatment of DID

Answer 38

3-phase trauma-focused therapy

Question 39

Dissociative amnesia: criteria and symptoms, psychogenic amnesia, retrograde amnesia, dissociative fugue

Question 40

Theories of dissociative amnesia

Answer 40

intolerable memories or stress

Question 41

Treatment for dissociative amnesia and fugue

Question 42

Depersonalization/derealization disorder: criteria and symptoms, causes

Question 43

Mood disorder definition, 2 mood states

Answer 43

depression, mania

Question 44

Symptoms of depression

Question 45

Major depressive disorder: criteria and symptoms, single episode, recurrent episode

Question 46

Major depressive disorder specifiers

Answer 46

anxious distress, mixed features, melancholic features, psychotic features, catatonic features, atypical features, seasonal pattern, peripartum onset

Question 47

Persistent depressive disorder: criteria and symptoms, course, comorbid conditions

Question 48

Premenstrual dysphoric disorder: criteria and symptoms, comorbid conditions

Question 49

Disruptive mood regulation disorder: criteria and symptoms, course, comorbid conditions

Question 50

Major depressive disorder in children/adolescents: symptoms, age differences, comorbid conditions

Question 51

Course of major depressive disorder

Question 52

Symptoms of mania, criteria for manic episode

Question 53

Bipolar I disorder: symptoms, criteria

Question 54

Bipolar II disorder: symptoms, criteria

Question 55

Cyclothymic disorder: symptoms, criteria, defining feature

Question 56

Rapid cycling bipolar disorder: symptoms, criteria

Question 57

Bipolar disorder in children: symptoms,

Question 58

Course of bipolar disorder

Question 59

Theories of depression

Answer 59

genetic factors, neurotransmitters, structural and functional brain abnormalities, neuroendocrine factors, gut microbiome and inflammation, behavioral theories, cognitive theories, interpersonal theories, sociocultural theories

Question 60

Theories of bipolar disorder:

Answer 60

genetic factors, structural and functional brain abnormalities, neurotransmitter factors, psychosocial factors

Question 61

Biological treatments of mood disorders

Answer 61

drug treatments, electroconvulsive therapy, brain stimulation therapies, light therapy)

Question 62

Psychological treatments of mood disorders

Answer 62

(behavioral therapy, CBT, interpersonal therapy, interpersonal and social rhythm therapy