exam #2 Flashcards
covers lectures 10-16 (27 cards)
the prokaryotes include
the bacteria & archaea
do prokaryotes have a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles?
no, as they have a simpler cell structure
can prokaryotes have flagellae & pili?
yes
what essential roles do prokaryotes play for all living things?
decomposition, nitrogen fixation, & chemical recycling
prokaryotes form ___ with many other species
symbioses
many bacteria are important human ___
pathogens (about 50% of human disease)
bacteria have diverse uses in industry, medicine, & ___
food production
___ bacteria makes much of forensic science & molecular research possible through polymerase chain reaction
thermophilic
protists were formerly considered a kingdom, but would be ___
paraphyletic
do protists exhibit more structural & functional diversity than any other group of eukaryotes?
yes
at the cellular level, many protists are very ___
complex
protists must carry out the same basic functions as multicellular organism, with ___ instead of ___
organelles instead of organs
photoautotrophs
chloroplasts for photosynthesis
heterotrophs
may absorb organic molecules or ingest food particles
mixotrophs
combine photosynthesis & ingestion
algae
protists that photosynthesize
protozoa
protists that ingest food
absorptive protists have been mistaken for ___
fungi
protists occupy many habitats, usually with?
water, & have varied life cycles & reproduction
as eukaryotes, protists have much more ___ cells than prokaryotes
complex
how did eukaryotic cells gain organelles such as mitochondria & chloroplasts?
alien invaders
eukaryotic organelles may have been ingested as food, or may have been a parasite, but somehow smaller aerobic bacteric got inside a larger cell & evolved into ___
mitochondrion
if a larger cell was anaerobe in an environment with oxygen, might increasing have been beneficial for both?
yes
why are plant cells are still more complex?
they have chloroplasts & other plastids
