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Music 101 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

(41 cards)

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1
Q

Baroque Era

A

1600-1750
Grandure, opulance, over the top
ex: st Peter’s church in Vienna
Patrons(rich people who commissioned artists to create pieces.

counter reformation- catholic pushback against reformation

absolute monarchy Kind made giant palace from taxes, big palace =propaganda about his power

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2
Q

What was the purpose of music in the baroque era

A

drama.
through the use of dynamics, tempo, media, and texture

contrast created drama (loud-soft, fast-slow, vocal-instrumental, solo-ensemble)

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3
Q

The genre of opera

A

sung play
begins in Italy which was the artsy modern place in the baroque era
orchestra made of strings and harpsichord

instrumentation, orchestration, basso continuo,
Singing styles in operas:
- recitatives
- arias

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4
Q

instrumentation

A

specific instruments chosen for a piece of music

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5
Q

orchestration

A

way a composer uses instruments in a piece of music

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6
Q

instruments of the baroque

A

string family:
-violin, viola, cello, bass (satb)

harmony instruments:
-lute-round guitar
- harpsichord/organ

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7
Q

Basso continuo

A

Baseline+harmony instrument used in every piece except solos

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8
Q

homophony

A

melody w/ accompaniment
Homophony is a musical texture where one main melody is supported by other parts that provide harmony. The other parts may play single notes or a more complex accompaniment. Homophony is characterized by:
Predominant melody: One part, usually the highest, tends to be the most prominent
Little rhythmic differentiation: There is little rhythmic differentiation between the parts
Chord structure: The melody is supported by a chord structure underneath
Same rhythm: The melody and harmony must use the same rhythm

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9
Q

beat

A

division of musical time into regular recurring units

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10
Q

meter

A

division of beat into regular recurring patterns (measures)

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11
Q

tempo

A

speed of the beat

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12
Q

Aria

A

song like
memorable
accompanied by orchestra
strong meter
soliloquy(an act of speaking one’s thoughts aloud when by oneself or regardless of any hearers)
expresses feelings

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13
Q

recitative

A

speech like
not memorable
free rhythms
accompanied by basso continuo
dialogue/action that advances the story

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14
Q

mode

A

major vs minor
every harmonic unit has a mode, the middle note of the unit determines the mode

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15
Q

Doctrine of Affections

A

Trying to convey an emotion as the goal of an opera

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16
Q

Dido and Aeneas

A

Purcell
“queen and prince”
based off of Virgil’s Aeneid
1689 written in English

shipwreck, fall in love, have a family, he leaves to continue his journey, she gets sad and kills herself

1st perfromed for a girl’s school in Chelsea

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17
Q

Subgenres of opera

Study These Flashcards
A

overtures, recitatives, chorus, arias

18
Q

Dido and Aeneis ACT 3 Dido’s Lament

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A

Aria
When I am laid in earth
sad/depression, resignation, orchestra+solo voice,
minor mode,
tripled meter,
binary form AABB

text painting: laid and wrongs have a sobbing rhythm, remember me is isolated and repeated emphasizinf urgency and seriousness

ground bass: repeating bass line
bass move chromatically down

19
Q

Vivaldi

Study These Flashcards
A

Venice
he taught young female orphans how to play music, and assembled orchestras of them
called red priest

20
Q

4 Seasons Movement 1 Spring

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A

Vivaldi
concerto
major mode
ritornello form
duple meter
fast/allegro tempo

program music-tells a story without words
birdsong imitated with violins, thunder and lightning, babbling brook

birds, storm, birds

21
Q

Concerto

Study These Flashcards
A

work for an orchestra concerned with the following. contrasts:
-ensemble vs solo
-ritornellos vs episodes
-Slow vs fast tempo

22
Q

Basic Baroque Orchestra

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A

Strings+basso continuo

23
Q

Program Music

Study These Flashcards
A

instrumental musci that seeks to convey and extramusical idea. (text painting without the text, tells a story)

24
Q

Ritornello form

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A

alternates between ritornello and episode

ritornello=melody played by basso continuo and orchestra

episode=other music, less melodic, more busy, played by soloist and basso continuo

25
George Frideric Handel
1st composer where his works were beloved long after he died born in Germany, patron sent him to Italy to study music then he went to London to write for the royal family and stays there organ virtuoso traveler Messiah
26
Messiah (1741)
an oratorio Charles Jennens: assembled the libretto (script for an opera or oratorio): he didn't write it, he assembled it from the bible adding his own poetic license. Handel composed the music to the libretto 24 days 254 pages of music quick but avg for this time period: he felt he was inspired by God
27
oratorio
like an opera but more like a concert, sacred but performed in a theatre during lent not a church, more choruses than operas, included recitatives, arias, and choruses
28
Structure of Handel's Messiah
3 parts: -christmas -easter -final judgment
29
Messiah "Rejoice Greatly"
subgenre: Soprano Aria major mode duple meter allegro fast tempo ABA ternary form genre: oratorio source of text= Zechariah 9: 9-10 Structure: orchestra A- major, medium tempo, melismas on "rejoice" orchestra B - contrast, minor, slower but still fast tempo, ritardando orchestra A- same as first A orchestra
30
Messiah "Hallelujah"
subgenre: chorus glorifying christ's victory over death and sin major mode duple meter allegro tempo Hallelujah - homophony: same rhythms with harmonies For the lord god omnipotent reigneth - monophony hallelujah polyphony festive baroque orchestra (to symbolize the rejoicing) added instruments: baroque trumpet, timpani(kettle drums) sequence
31
sequence
short melody is repeated at progressively higher or lower pitch levels
32
Bach
born in and never left Germany organ virtuoso born same year as Handel devout Provided music for local churches and taught music at a local university came from a musical family
33
Cantata No.5 Wachet Aut:
Bach "Sleepers awake!" about 10 virgins triple meter major mode AAB Bar form Genre: Chorale Cantata only need to know: 1st Movement Chorale Fantasia
34
cantata
cousin to opera several movements for choir, solists, and orchestra has choruses, recitatives, and arias sacred subject, but much shorter than an oratorio
35
chorale
germna-lutheran hymn many have Bar Form AAB
36
Chorale FAntasia of Cantata 140 Wachet Aut
Bach two main components: orchestral melody and chorale melody orchestral melody violins>oboe>violins> oboe, etc. 3 section melody: 1. march/procession=bridegroom's arrival 2. stop and start rhythms=virgins' excitement and impatience 3. fast notes=virgins' run to meet him chorale melody: AAB text pattern 9 phrases that each end in a sustained note orchestral ritornello between each phase r1r2r3 REPEAT then r4r5r6r7r8r9r always sung by supranos+ imitative polyphony follows by Alto Tenor and Base
37
Orchestral Suite no. 3 Aire and Gigue
Bach secular suite =a set of dances, but BAch's dances are stylized so they are meant to be listened not danced to.
38
Aire by Bach
major mode, slow tempo, basic baroque orchestra, duple meter, binary form AABB, violin solo+walking bass-steady rhythm. violing plays long, emotional, melodic things that are meant to mimic a vocal role
39
Gigue by Bach
festive baroque orchestra (pboes, trumpets, tympani, major mode, duple meter, quick tempo, AABB binary form alternates between trumpets/drums(festive) and strings(not so festive) to create contrast
40
"Little" Fugue in G minor
Bach minor mode duple meter 1 organ solemn fugue-imitative work based on a single subject (the melody keeps coming back) Exposition: (SATB= registers on the organ) S subject, other stuff>>>>>>>>>>>>>> A..............subject, other stuff>>>>>>> T............................subject, other stuff> B.........................................subject subject statements and episodes to contrast
41
Purcell
Dido and Aeneis from England worked for the crown organ virtuoso

Music 101 (3 decks)

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