Exam 2

Question 1

Activity diagrams

Answer 1

which show the activities involved in a process or in data processing .

Question 2

Use case diagrams

Answer 2

which show the interactions between a system and its environment.

Question 3

Sequence diagrams

Answer 3

which show interactions between actors and the system and between system components.

Question 4

Class diagrams

Answer 4

which show the object classes in the system and the associations between these classes.

Question 5

State diagrams

Answer 5

which show how the system reacts to internal and external events.

Question 6

External Entity

Answer 6

Square shape: An element that inputs data into a system and/or retrieves data from the system.

Question 7

Process

Answer 7

Circle: Circle represent a process. In context diagram there is only 1 process that represents the entire system.

Question 8

Flow Line

Answer 8

shows the movement of data from one entity/process to another

Question 9

Interaction Models

Answer 9

-Use case modeling:model interactions between a system and external agents
-Sequence Diagrams: model interactions between system components

Question 10

Use Case Model Symbols

Answer 10

System: Rectangle
Use Case: Circle
Actor: Person
Line: Relationships

Question 11

«Include»

Answer 11

Points to Included Use case, always happens

Question 12

«Extend»

Answer 12

Points to Base Use case, sometimes happens but not required

Question 13

Inheritance

Answer 13

Open arrow Ex. Customer with children New Customer and Returning Customer

Question 14

Structural Models

Answer 14

Class Diagrams

Question 15

Class Diagram

Answer 15

Box With the following:
Class Name/
Attributes (like int char etc)/
Operations/Methods (void operation(), int operation_c(int), etc)

Question 16

Class Diagram Symbols

Answer 16

Public(+)
Private(-)
Protected(#)

Question 17

Relationships

Answer 17

Open arrow: Inheritance
Straight Line: Association
Aggregation: open diamond

Question 18

Behavioral Model

Answer 18

Data-driven modeling
-Activity diagrams
Event-driven modeling
-State machine

Question 19

Data-Driven Model figures

Answer 19

Box: shows input/outputs from objects.
Oval box: shows activities

Question 20

Model-driven Engineering

Answer 20

is an approach to software development where models rather than programs are the principal outputs of the development process.

Question 21

Types of models in Model-driven architecture (MDA)

Answer 21

-A computation-independent model (CIM)
-A platform-independent model (PIM)
-Platform-specific models (PSM)

Question 22

Cons to MDA

Answer 22

-There is limited tool availability and organizations may require tool adaptation and customization to their environment
-Companies do not want to develop or maintain their own tools or to rely on small software companies, who may go out of business
-Without these specialist tools, model-based development requires additional manual coding which reduces the cost-effectiveness of this approach.

Question 23

Importance of Architecture

Answer 23

Architecture is a critical link between requirements and the software that will be built.

Question 24

Box Architecture

Answer 24

Each box in the diagram represents a component. Boxes within boxes indicate that the component has been decomposed into subcomponents.

Question 25

Advantages of explicit architecture

Answer 25

-Stakeholder communication -System analysis -Large-scale reuse

Question 26

Performance

Answer 26

Architecture should be designed to localize operations and minimize communications. You can also use large rather than fine-grain components to minimize communication delays

Question 27

Security

Answer 27

Use a layered architecture with critical assets protected in the innermost layers.

Question 28

Safety

Answer 28

Localize safety-critical features in a small number of sub-systems. Prevent middleware attacks.

Question 29

Availability

Answer 29

Include redundant components and mechanisms for fault tolerance. (Fault-tolerant architecture)

Question 30

Maintainability

Answer 30

Use fine-grain, self-contained components that may readily be changed.

Question 31

Layered Architecture

Answer 31

System functionality is organized into separate layers, and each layer only relies on the facilities and services offered by the layer immediately beneath it.

Question 32

Repository architecture

Answer 32

Repository style describes how a set of interacting components can share data.

Question 33

The Client–server pattern

Answer 33

In a client–server architecture, the functionality of the system is organized into services, with each service delivered from a separate server. Clients are users of these services and access servers to make use of them.

Question 34

The pipe and filter pattern

Answer 34

The processing of the data in a system is organized so that each processing component (filter) is discrete and carries out one type of data transformation. The data flows (as in a water pipe) from one component to another for processing.

Question 35

Data processing applications

Answer 35

Data-driven applications that process data in batches without explicit user intervention during the processing. Ex: billing system

Question 36

Transaction processing applications

Answer 36

Data-centred applications that process user requests and update information in a system database. Ex: Online shopping, banking, hotel reservation systems

Question 37

Event processing systems

Answer 37

Applications where system actions depend on interpreting events from the system’s environment. Ex: video games, vending machines

Question 38

Language processing systems

Answer 38

Applications where the users’ intentions are specified in a formal language that is processed and interpreted by the system. Ex: compiler, google assistant, web search engines