Exam 2 Flashcards
(45 cards)
T/F: Metabolism is a controlled set of biochemical reactions that occur in living organisms in order to maintain life.
True
T/F: Dark reactions can occur in the presence or absence of light.
True
Because of the Calvin Cycle
T/F: Enzymes slow down chemical reactions to conserve energy.
False; Enzymes CATALYZE chemical reactions
T/E: The absence of oxygen fermentation produces 2 ATP.
False; fermentation only reduces NADH back to NAD+
T/F: During fermentation one means of eliminating pyruvate is by converting it into lactic acid.
True
T/E: The reactants of the TCA cycle directly enter and fuel the ETS.
False; the products of the TCA cycle enter and drive the production of ATP by ETS.
T/F: The B-oxidation pathway is responsible for the anabolism of fatty acid chains.
False; responsible for the CATABOLISM of fatty acid chains.
T/F: Plants, algae and bacteria all contain chloroplasts.
False; chloroplasts are specific to algae and plants only.
T/F: The Calvin Cycle must occur in the absence of light.
False; does not have to because dark reactions do not require darkness to occur.
T/F: As movement requires energy, metabolism can be defined as a controlled set of biochemical reactions that occur in only motile organisms in order to maintain life.
False; metabolism occurs in all living organisms, not just ones that move.
T/F: Enzymes are polysaccharides that catalyze chemical reactions.
False; enzymes are PROTEINS that catalyze chemical reactions.
What are enzymes?
Enzymes are PROTEINS that catalyze chemical reactions.
What is a cofactor?
Cofactors are usually metal ions that assist enzymes during the catalysis reaction.
What is a reactive intermediate?
A reactive intermediate would be present in substrate-level phosphorylation.
Define catabolism.
Catabolism is the process of breaking down larger molecules into useful energy sources.
What metabolic process is active to convert proteins into amino acids?
The anabolic process would be active.
Define anabolism.
Anabolism is the process of building up or biosynthesis of macromolecules from small molecular units into much larger complexes.
What metabolic process is involved during growth and repair of the cell?
Catabolism is involved during growth and repair of the cell.
What are the 2 main roles of glucose-6-phosphate in the cell?
First, it prevents glucose from diffusing out of the cell. Second, it acts as a signal molecule to alert the cell that glycolysis is about to begin.
What is an autotroph?
An organism that obtains its source of carbon from inorganic molecules such as carbon dioxide.
Describe the energy transfer process relative to both ATP and ADP.
ATP has the energy (phosphate group) to donate while ADP can accept energy in the form of a phosphate group.
From what source do chemotrophs acquire energy?
Chemotrophs acquire energy from preformed chemicals found in the environment.
What is a lithotroph?
An organism that derives its energy by removing electrons from elemental sulfur.
What is a phototrophic microorganism?
An organism that derives its energy from photons of light.
