Exam 2

Question 1

Among other provisions, the 14th Amendment does the following:

Answer 1

Applied the Bill of Rights to the states and required equal protection under the law.

Question 2

The type of media that faces much more government regulation and more limited First Amendment protection is:

Answer 2

Broadcast radio and TV.

Question 3

What would describe the expression made through nonverbal communication?

Answer 3

Symbolic Speech.

Question 4

What is it called when government attempts to stop an activity (like speech) before that activity has actually occured?

Answer 4

Prior restraint.

Question 5

The first amendment provides for freedom of religion through:

Answer 5

A and B.

Question 6

Civil liberties represent:

Answer 6

Something the government cannot do, such as abridge a freedom.

Question 7

As originally presented in the Constitution, the Bill of Rights:

Answer 7

Limited only the power of the national government, not that of the states.

Question 8

In Griswold v. Connecticut, a 1965 case involving the legality of contraceptives, the Supreme Court:

Answer 8

Held that the law prohibiting contraceptives violated the right to privacy.

Question 9

True or False, The Eighth Amendment prohibition on “cruel and unusual punishment” prevents American states from using the death penalty.

Answer 9

False.

Question 10

The establishment clause in the First Amendment:

Answer 10

Means that neither the federal government nor the state governments can set up a church.

Question 11

The movement that sought equal voting rights for women was called:

Answer 11

The suffrage movement.

Question 12

The difference between the men and women’s earnings (wages) today indicates that:

Answer 12

Unequal pay for similar employment remains a stubborn issue.

Question 13

Barriers used to prevent African Americans from voting included:

Answer 13

All of the above.

Question 14

Affirmative action in the United States today:

Answer 14

Was limited in 2023 by a supreme court ruling that largely ended consideration of race in college admissions.

Question 15

What landmark Supreme Court ruling that largely ended consideration of race in college admissions?

Answer 15

Brown v. Board of Education.

Question 16

U.S. Constitutional inequality of African Americans ended with:

Answer 16

All of the above.

Question 17

When it comes to protections for the disabled in the United States:

Answer 17

The US became a global leader when the Americans with Disabilities Act (1990) was passed.

Question 18

Jim Crow Laws:

Answer 18

Required the segregation of the races.

Question 19

Laws or government action that may improperly discriminate against women would draw the following level of scrutiny from US courts:

Answer 19

Intermediate Scrutiny.

Question 20

Which movement has experienced the most advancement and furthered the most change in public attitudes over the last 20 years?

Answer 20

Occupy Wall Street Movement.

Question 21

A method of systematically questioning a relatively small, selected sample of respondents who are deemed representative of the total population is called:

Answer 21

An opinion poll.

Question 22

How do media outlets make predictions on who will win the election before all votes are counted?

Answer 22

Exit Poll.

Question 23

Generally, the more education a person receives, the:

Answer 23

More likely he or she is to participate in politics and vote.

Question 24

What is it called when people tell pollsters they will vote for a candidate but then actually vote against that candidate?

Answer 24

Bradley Effect.

Question 25

Which part of the US government is the least impacted by public opinion?

Answer 25

U.S. Supreme Court.

Question 26

An individual becomes politically socialized through:

Answer 26

All of the above.

Question 27

Which of the following is not part of a quality, scientific poll design?

Answer 27

A leading question.

Question 28

US presidential approval ratings tend to ___ over a president's time in office.

Answer 28

Decline.

Question 29

Public opinion affects the political process:

Answer 29

A and B.

Question 30

The most important principle required to insure an opinion poll reflects the population it seeks to measure is:

Answer 30

The random selection of respondents.

Question 31

Which of the following often characterizes those eligible voters who are most likely to not vote?

Answer 31

Younger voters.

Question 32

True or false, there is evidence of substantial voter fraud in the United States that has impacted election outcomes in recent years.

Answer 32

False.

Question 33

One of the reasons that campaigns depend less on political parties is:

Answer 33

That fewer people identify with them and the ability of candidates to create their own organizations.

Question 34

The number of votes each state will have in the Electoral College:

Answer 34

Equals that state's amount of senators plus its number of representatives.

Question 35

Which type of election tends to have the highest level of turnout in the U.S.?

Answer 35

Presidential.

Question 36

What is the main reason voter turnout is so much higher in Australia and Belgium relative to the U.S.?

Answer 36

Both make voting compulsory.

Question 37

Holders of political office in the United States are predominantly:

Answer 37

Representative of the general public.

Question 38

An organization set up a corporation, labor union, or other special interest group to raise and spend campaign donations is known as a:

Answer 38

Political Action Committee (PAC).